Women In Media Research Articles

Paint a Better Mood? Effects of Makeup Use on YouTube Beauty Influencers’ Self-Esteem

Although 90% of women between the ages of 18 and 29 report using makeup, research on the motivation and effects of makeup use on self-esteem is lacking. The purposes of this qualitative study is to (1) understand the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to use makeup on self-esteem, (2) explore whether makeup use may serve as a buffer for low self-esteem, and (3) explore the impact of sociocultural scripts and hegemonic beauty on self-esteem in ethnoracially diverse YouTube beauty influencers. Jacobsen’s Aesthetics of Psychology framework was used to classify narratives of nine female beauty influencers aged between 21 and 40 years from the United States and Great Britain, who self-identified as Black, Hispanic, and White. Makeup use may have a more direct effect on self-esteem if internally motivated and viewed as a mechanism for creativity, mastery, agency, and human connection. Likewise, makeup use may indirectly buffer low mood/self-esteem for those who are externally motivated to use makeup in order to avoid guilt, enhance ego, and promote audience confidence. Results elucidate the importance of motivation to use makeup and its implications for positive mood regulation/enhanced self-esteem through the development of mental health interventions involving makeup application. Findings illuminate the experiences of women in media and public domains and are particularly salient for women of color who may be more extrinsically motivated to use makeup due to hegemonic beauty standards, as Black beauty influencers reported industry disparities in pay/salary, sponsorships, and subscriber count compared with young, White influencers.

The ‘bad women drivers’ myth: the overrepresentation of female drivers and gender bias in China’s media

ABSTRACTThe body of literature on underrepresentation and gender inequality is vast. However, despite its potential to perpetuate gender stereotypes, the overrepresentation of women in media has received inadequate attention. This study explores how traditional news media and social media overrepresent females as drivers when discussing traffic accidents, and whether social media could be the ‘new equalizer’ for gender. Focusing on China, we collected 97,120 posts from Weibo, China’s largest microblogging site, and 11,290 newspaper articles dated between January 2010 and November 2018. We analyzed the data through a mixed-methods design and found that female drivers are overrepresented in discussions of traffic accidents, in both newspapers and on Weibo. While the gender bias against female drivers is more prevalent on Weibo than in newspapers, Weibo has provided a platform for gender-aware discussion. Our study closes by offering suggestions for cross-platform and cross-cultural comparisons of gender representation in the digital age.

Medijska slika žena u Ministarstvu odbrane i Vojsci Srbije

The way media and journalism present and deal with certain topics can firmly reflect the dominant opinion on questions important in society. This paper examines the way media describes women in the Serbian Armed Forces. The authors postulate that the positive publicity in the media can contribute to achieving greater equality, as well as encouraging woman to choose military professions, while simultaneously improving the public image of the Serbian Armed Forces. This research covers items published in print and electronic Serbian media spanning from 2016. to 2018. Our research demonstrates that women in the Serbian Armed Forces are consistently present at the same percentage of the total amount of public reporting on military news and topics. Such result is a reflection of the societal acceptance of female enrolment in the Military Academy more than a decade ago, coupled with the implementation of two national Action Plans under the UN Security Councilˊs Resolution 1325 - Women, Peace and Security in the Republic of Serbia. It is the opinion of the authors that the image of women in traditionally male - dominant professions, such as the military, is viewed as positive. The majority of articles on women in the Army are noted to be issued during either highly publicized events, such as the promotion ceremony for the youngest officers of the Serbian Armed Forces in front of the National Assembly in Belgrade or during advertisements for enrolment in Military Schools and voluntary conscription. Overall, the image and role of women in the Army is viewed as more positive compared to articles of women in general and in other professions in Serbia. The results of this research have also indicated that some stereotyping exists, relating to the representation of women in media. Further improvements can be directed towards diversifying topics on women with the active support of the military establishment itself.

The fourth power? Women in media and in the journalistic profession – equality contexts

Starting from the mid-nineteenth century, along with technological progress and the pursuit of equality between women and men, the processes of feminization of the press market has intensified. The issue of gender equality and the separation of powers in the media sector is closely related to the activity of women in the public sphere. These days, despite the apparent equality in the media of mass communication, the participation of women in the key decision-making processes in the media, or their presence on the boards of media companies, remains lower than in the case of men. This paper deals with the concept of ”the fourth power”, relating it to the contemporary journalistic activity of women. The article spotlights the diverse dimensions of women’s activities in the media and their real impact on the audience. In conclusion, the need for equal participation of women and men in media communication processes was accentuated.

GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor) supplementation in culture media for women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART)

GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor) supplementation in culture media for women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART)

Проблема гендерного балансу в українських медіа: реалії та перспективи

Abstract. The article deals with a problem of gender imbalance in Ukrainian media and the search for ways to solve it. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the gender balance in domestic media and the prospects for introducing the gender aspects into journalistic education. The results of two monitoring of national and regional media on gender balance, gender sensitivity indices of Ukrainian media on quantitative and qualitative indicators: proportionality of the representation of men and women in the media (as a percentage), percentage of expert and heroines in journalistic materials, as well as usage of feminitives are given. In general, all these studies showed the underrepresentation of women in Ukrainian media. Women are the heroines of materials only in 27% of cases, which is three times smaller than men, and as experts – only in 19% of all cases. Most of the women as heroines are presented on channels “1 + 1” and “UA: Перший”, as experts – on “Канал 5”, the smallest women are represented on the channel “112 Україна”. Women often comment on social themes, act as experts in rather limited spheres: educational, medical, artistic, etc., are the heroines of criminal chronicles or so-called “light” stories. Women are almost not invited as experts to the studios of socio-political talk shows on the central TV channels. Most women are presented in print media (as heroines – 35% of materials, as experts – 22% of materials). At the same time the problem lies much deeper – it is in the contemporary journalists’ lack of desire to recognize the fact of the existence of gender issues, superficial approach to their analysis, elementary ignorance of the subject field and terminology, low professional reflection. It is necessary to start forming a clearer understanding of the gender issues and the importance of the role of media in their solution to future journalists. Recommendations of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on gender equality and media are considered, in particular on introducing a compulsory gender equality course into the training program for journalists and supporting gender equality discourse in media literacy programs. The content of the subject “Journalism and gender” proposed in the Model curricula for journalism education: a compendium of new syllabi by UNESCO is analyzed. Modern Ukrainian textbooks and manuals on gender theory and practice for journalists are considered.

Neoliberal Feminism in Africa

In this article, I offer a critical reflection on neoliberal feminism in Africa, with a particular focus on Nigeria. I argue that neoliberal feminism is more likely to be embraced in Africa, and in Nigeria in particular, than some of the other kinds of feminism that are circulating there. This is because the high levels of poverty and unemployment in Nigeria, and the general lack of opportunities for access to financial empowerment, have fostered an individualised entrepreneurial mindset that is in some ways more in line with this kind feminism, problematic though that may be. I also reflect on the work of my organisation, African Women in Media, which seeks to mobilise women in media industries.

A Mapping of Actors Gender Disgrated Data and Information Programs and Projects and Rural Development Projects in Iraq

Poverty and hunger are considered social and economic pests for Iraqi households in urban and rural.Most of rural people do not educate their girls or make them leave school which is known as education leak, The absence of respect women culture because of traditions and hereditary norms in rural has a negative reflects on women channel that lead to unequally between man and women in rural and urban.This paper seeks to highlight the gender data available and the ongoing programs of different stakeholders committed to the advancement of the conditions of Iraqi women living in rural contexts, also includes a thorough review of literature to shed light on the data available, gaps in data, and the hindrances behind lack of data. The paper highlights major activities delivered by ministries and institutions of the Iraqi government, and other stakeholders’ interventions, such as NGOs, International Organizations and agencies.Analyze the information gathered in the attempt to transfer those information in an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats concerning the increased availability of sex disaggregated data and gender in rural contexts. The paper recommended implementing Capacity building programs for stakeholders, on gender issues and on how to mainstream gender at the various stages. Women’s increased access to educational and training opportunities not only increases their participation in the labor force but also expands the range of occupational options available in the market. The vulnerability of poor women in Iraq is closely linked to illiteracy and low levels of education. Thus, adult literacy programmes must form part of gender mainstreaming efforts; there is a need to create awareness for women and men to venture in the ‘nontraditional’ and stereotyped careers; make use of media to enhance women’s role in peace building. Media continues to dominate as a powerful messaging tool in the post conflict environment. Engaging men and women in media.

#YourAverageMuslim: Ruptural geopolitics of British Muslim women's media and fashion

Muslima lifestyle media and fashion are reshaping global media, leisure and recreation, and creating new spaces of identification and belonging in predominantly Western-liberal societies. Typically educated and upwardly mobile, British Muslim women working as cultural producers in media and fashion are finding strategies for challenging stereotypes and resisting socio-economic exclusion. Bringing into dialogue discourses on gender and creative labour with feminist geopolitics and the notion of ruptural (geo)politics, this article reveals the ways in which Muslim women are advancing education and career pathways in emergent creative fields. Informed by interviews, site visits, and discourse analysis of social media channels, it gives emphasis to everyday negotiations at home, in the work-place and on-line. By interrogating notions of Muslimness and womanhood, British Muslim women in media and fashion are re-negotiating familial, community, institutional and societal norms in the contemporary time. At the vanguard of change, then, leading cultural producers and activists are crossing borders in the labour market, and making new images of Muslim women that challenge conservative and Western-liberal thinking on Islam, work, gender and equality.

Media Meddlers

This article explores and historicizes the rise of the woman filmmaker in India in the late 1970s and the 1980s in two overlapping domains: a vastly expanded communications infrastructure, including the spread of television, and second wave feminism. It takes as a case study the media maker Sai Paranjpye, whose eclectic career across a range of media—theater, TV, cinema, print—in multiple formats—ad films, documentaries, educational shorts, TV films, full-length features—was fairly typical of the nature of women's media work at this time, as women took whatever work they could find in a rapidly mutating media ecology. The article suggests that these media migrations provide a model of gendered media work that is constitutively intermedial, and thus reorders the aesthetic and narrative protocols of mainstream cinema.

Editor's Introduction

The field of Asian feminist media studies is inchoate and under-defined. Despite increasing archival endeavors to excavate women's work in early to mid-twentieth-century film and media cultures in Asia and continuous scholarly attention to the accomplishments of contemporary Asian women film and media makers, a concerted, in-depth reexamination of women's media work in different parts of Asia has been lacking. This has to do with fundamental difficulties in cognitively mapping the field—difficulties stemming from multifarious modes of practice that resist generalization, limited availability of primary and archival materials, and continuous anxiety with universalized Western critical discourses. These are further compounded by the complex and shifting parameters of what counts as “Asia,” given its mind-boggling linguistic, religious, historical, and regional diversity, and its constantly shifting gender and ethnic politics—all unfolding in relation to divergent yet more or less shared colonial experiences and postcolonial participation in (or resistance to) globalization. That is to say, every word in the field designation “Asian feminist media,” comes loaded with both overdetermined and under-determined significations, such that any attempt to develop one-size-fits-all narratives would be not only impossible but also misdirected. With this special issue (five articles and one interview), our collective goal is to tentatively map a critical understanding of Asian feminist media authorship, including its formation, articulation, self-reflection, reconstruction, and ramifications. We stress this authorship as stemming from multiple intersections—in situated geopolitics (both intra-Asian and between Asia and what is conventionally seen as non-Asia), in theoretical assemblage (resulting from the clash with Western theoretical hegemony), in historical and sociopolitical constructions of gender identity (in relation to national, regional, racial and ethnic, and other dimensions of identities), in intermedial exploration (encompassing film, television, and video), and finally in institutional infrastructure (including the practitioners' education, multichannel fund-raising, polylocal production, and transnational exhibition). I unpack these intersections …

An Investigation of the Attitudes of Sports Media towards Women's Sports

This study aims to examine attitudes of media employees and managers toward women's The research universe includes media employees in Istanbul and academicians in field of while research sample includes Skorer tv, Fanatik newspaper employees and academicians of Esenyurt University and Istanbul University. Descriptive research model in research, Attitudes of Media towards Women's in our Country survey consists of two sections with 16 items and 28 questions. A total of 161 people were selected by random method [n = 80 media employees; (F = 50, M = 30), n = 81 academicians; (F = 48, M = 33)] SPSS package program 22 was used in data statistics and data were evaluated with frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, single factor variance analysis (Oneway ANOVA) at 0.05 level. It was found that female and male media employees disagreed with following two statements with highest average: 'News reports about female athletes are credible and convincing' (F; = 3.9987, M; =4.379); 'The number of female media employees is in media'(M; = 3.746, F; = 3.9045). It was also found that male media employees disagreed with following two statements with an average higher than that of female media employees: Articles of columnists about female athletes are convincing (M; = 4.379, F; = 2.5005); In our country, there is a Women's media which provides professional press services (M; = 3.113, F; = 2.2798). The statement with highest average (M; = 3.68) of disagreement from male was Government makes use of media instruments to encourage women to start sports while statement with highest average (F; = 3.9944) of disagreement from female media employees was Sports media considers demands from readers when determining editorial policy for women's sports. The female participants who participated in our study disagreed with statements in our survey on the attitudes of media on women's sports and statement that the sources of women's and athletes are sufficient with an average higher than that of male media employees.

Socioeconomic Determinants of Child Mortality (Under Age One): Reported by Mothers of Reproductive Age in Punjab, Pakistan

The future of a nation lies in the hands of its children. Health of children should be the first priority of a nation. It is an indicator of social and economic development. Pakistan falls among high child mortality rate countries. The aim of this paper is to assess the socioeconomic determinants of child mortality in the Punjab. For this purpose, the study obtains data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (2014), conducted by Punjab Bureau of statistics. The data were collected with the help of well-designed three questionnaires from 38,405 households of Punjab. The STATA is used to apply Logistic model to determine the factors affecting child mortality. The dependent variable is dichotomous in nature based on this question “Have you ever given birth to a boy or girl who was born alive but later died?” and response is either yes or no. According to the empirical results of the study, area of residence, source of drinking water, women ever attended school and their level of education, women media awareness, women smoking and wealth quintiles are important socioeconomic determinants of child mortality. But comparatively, wealth quintiles have greater influence on reducing child mortality. The study suggests some policies to improve the situation, e.g., allocation of more budget for health, initiative of health care programs for women and infant, particularly in rural areas of Punjab.

PENGARUH PROMOSI KESEHATAN DENGAN METODE CERAMAH DAN METODE CERAMAH DENGAN MEDIA VIDEO TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU HAMIL TENTANG PERSALINAN AMAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BATUNADUA PADANGSIDEMPUAN TAHUN 2015

Health promotion is basically a process of communication and behavior change process through health education. Health promotion activities can achieve maximum results, if the methods and media health promotion is of great concern and must be adapted to the target. The type of research was a quasi experimental (quasi experimental) with a pretest-posttest design, The population in this study, all pregnant women are entering the third trimester gestational age 37-39 weeks, in the region of 40 health centers Padangsidempuan Batunadua pregnant women. Samples numbered 40 pregnant women are 20 pregnant women group lecture and 20 pregnant women media group lecture with video media. The data were analyzed by using univariat and bivariat analysis with paired sample t-test pairs. The results showed that there are significant health promotion with a lecture and lecture with video media to change knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women on safe childbirth and health promotion methods most influential in improving knowledge, attitudes and actions of pregnant women in conducting safe childbirth in the work area Padangsidempuan Batunadua health centers is a lecture with video media. Need to improve knowledge and attitudes about safe childbirth so as to provide encouragement and support to pregnant women who give birth safely, health workers Batunadua Health Center suggested to use a lecture with video media in delivering health promotion to pregnant mothers because of a lecture with video media can portray a moving object together with natural sounds or sound accordingly.

Arabic Mass Media and Women Gender Stereotype: Stability versus Change “The Dream of Women Empowerment”

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“We don’t kiss like that”: Inuit women respond to music video representations

This study provides sociological insight into the response of Inuit women to mainstream Western media representations of their culture. Historically, there have been inaccurate and stereotypical media representations of Indigenous peoples reproduced in many forms of entertainment media. Social theories such as Pierre Bourdieu’s symbolic violence, Johan Galtung’s cultural violence, and George Gerbner and Gaye Tuchman’s symbolic annihilation are applied to contemporary media representations of Inuit women. This study explains how Inuit women make sense of popular music videos that utilize Inuit themes. Local Indigenous organizations in Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, were collaborated with to facilitate focus groups for Inuit women to express their reactions to the videos and discuss how their culture is presented in mainstream Western music videos. Key themes that were identified include the following: unrealistic Western beauty standards projected onto Indigenous women; the normalization of harmful media tropes including the silence regarding Inuit women’s victimization, and the issue of missing and murdered aboriginal women; and the importance of positive role models, and self-representation of Inuit women in media.

Voices of Yazidi women: Perceptions of journalistic practices in the reporting on ISIS sexual violence

In this article, we use a global transnational feminist perspective to explore Yazidi women's perceptions of the nature and impact of media reporting on women and girls who survived captivity, rape, and trafficking by the self-declared Islamic State (ISIS). Through 26 face-to-face interviews of displaced Yazidi women, we identify five narrative themes that characterize interviewees' reflections in the wake of these atrocities, including the sense of pressure women felt from journalists and other sources to share their stories of ISIS captivity; the belief that some journalistic practices are putting women and girls at risk; the recognition of the severe emotional toll on survivors' that results from repeatedly telling their stories; the sense of urgency and usefulness of going public nonetheless; and the resultant feelings of frustration and betrayal that the willingness to share their traumatic experiences has not resulted in a concerted global response to the genocidal attacks against the Yazidi people. Our findings suggest a paradoxical narrative of victimization and resistance in women's media engagement that is indicative of a kind of “bargaining at the intersection of patriarchies” that has implications for journalists covering sexual violence in conflict zones.

Editor's Introduction

Editorial| January 01 2018 Editor's Introduction: Labor Denise McKenna Denise McKenna Denise McKenna is a guest lecturer in the Media Studies Department at Palomar College. She is currently working on a book (with Charlie Keil) about the emergence of Hollywood and the early American film industry's social and economic integration with Los Angeles during the 1910s and 1920s. She has published on film extras, gender and labor stratification in early studios, and the class politics of editorial cartoons in film fan and trade magazines. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Feminist Media Histories (2018) 4 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2018.4.1.1 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Denise McKenna; Editor's Introduction: Labor. Feminist Media Histories 1 January 2018; 4 (1): 1–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2018.4.1.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentFeminist Media Histories Search According to the most recent report from the Women's Media Center (WMC), women are underrepresented in all areas of mainstream media production in the United States.1 The WMC has been reporting on the gender gap for the past five years, documenting the lack of parity in newsrooms, on radio, on TV, and in the film industry in order to track “progress,” “regress,” and “pushback” in media production. Similar studies are being conducted around the world, as individuals and organizations attempt to address the lack of diversity as well as the structural limitations facing women and minorities working in media industries.2 What these studies and campaigns have in common is the recognition that labor parity, in terms of opportunity and pay, is fundamental to creating and maintaining social equality in media production. Questions about the lack of opportunities (in production, but also on-screen and in positions of power) resurface... You do not currently have access to this content.

Representation of Muslim Women in the Western Media

This essay attempts to argue about the representation of Muslim women in veil in Western media. This topic is chosen because of general discourse about Muslim women, who wear veil as a threat to secular tradition and value of freedom. Besides, media has power to create affirmation about the general discourse. This paper analyses some researches about Muslim women in media. Based on previous research, it can be assumed that media has power to create women representation as otherness and placed them as threat towards secular tradition and value of freedom.

A Study on Writing Contest of Media inEarly Modern Women's Media

A Study on Writing Contest of Media inEarly Modern Women's Media