Wolong Nature Reserve Research Articles

Tourist disturbance intentions toward giant pandas in Wolong National Nature Reserve, China: An application of extended theory of planned behavior

Giant panda tourism is famous for promoting tourists’ travel to giant panda nature reserves. Different viewpoints have always existed regarding giant panda tourism, and the negative impact on the behavior and habitat of giant pandas has also been the subject of many researchers. A theoretical framework was proposed based on Extended Theory of Planned Behavior. SEM was used to test the hypotheses by AMOS28.0. The respondents of the study are tourists who travelled to Wolong National Nature Reserve aiming to watching giant pandas spanning from August 2023 to October 2023. 302 valid questionnaires were collected by face-to-face survey using a simple random sampling. All hypotheses were supported by testing. Cognition negative affects attitude of tourist disturbance toward giant pandas. Attitude positively affects tourist disturbance intentions toward giant pandas. Subjective norm positively affects tourist disturbance intentions toward giant pandas. Perceived behavioral control positively affects tourist disturbance intentions toward giant pandas. There exists a sequential relationship among cognition, attitude, and intention. Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control have a significant positive influence on tourist disturbance intentions directly. The results of this study can provide new directions to take new measures for tourism managers, producing a positive role in promoting the development of giant panda tourism.

Community-based incentive coordination in payments for ecosystem services: China’s Wolong Nature Reserve

Community-based Payments for Ecosystem Services (CB-PES) have received continued attention because of their ability to help Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) improve local outcomes and sustain community support. This study scrutinizes the role of community-based incentive coordination in PES using the case of China’s Wolong Nature Reserve (WNR). Combining theoretical modeling and empirical analysis of the WNR, this study demonstrates that CB-PES can deploy a range of incentive-coordinated techniques and practices, eventually improving economic outcomes for stakeholders and environmental benefits for society. In addition, this study also highlights the fact that CB-PES aiming to achieve incentive coordination rely on participatory intermediary governance. Finally, designing community-based incentive coordination mechanisms in PES remains challenging, as it also depends on coordinated conservation efforts to optimize the economic outcomes and environmental benefits of PES.

Identification of novel Jingmen tick virus from parasitic ticks fed on a giant panda and goats in Sichuan Province, southwestern China.

Tick-borne viruses (TBVs) pose a significant risk to the health of humans and other vertebrates. A class of multisegmented flavi-like viruses, Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) was first discovered in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected from Jingmen of Hubei Province, China in 2010. JMTV has been confirmed to have a relatively wide distribution in vectors and hosts and is associated with human diseases. Parasitic and host-seeking ticks were collected in Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province. Total RNA was extracted and then enriched the viral RNA. The DNA library was constructed and then were sequenced with MGI High-throughput Sequencing Set (PE150). After the adaptor sequences,low-quality bases and host genome were removed, resulting reads classified as a virus were subsequently de novo assembled into contigs, which were then compared to the NT database. Those annotated under the kingdom virus were initially identified as potential virus-associated sequences. Phylogenetic and Reassortment analysis of sequences were performed using MEGA and SimPlot software, respectively. Two host-seeking ticks and 17 ticks that fed on giant pandas and goats were collected. Through high-throughput sequencing, whole virus genomes were attained from four tick samples (PC-13, PC-16, PC-18, and PC-19) that shared 88.7-96.3% similarity with known JMTV. Phylogenetic tree showed that it was a novel JMTV-like virus, referred to as Sichuan tick virus, which also had the signals of reassortment with other JMTV strains, suggesting a cross-species transmission and co-infection of segmented flavi-like viruses among multiple tick hosts. We discovered and confirmed one new Jingmen tick virus, Sichuan tick virus. Further investigation is required to determine the pathogenicity of Sichuan tick virus to humans and animals, as well as its epidemiological characteristics in nature.

Free-ranging livestock affected the spatiotemporal behavior of the endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia).

Long recognized as a threat to wildlife, particularly for large carnivores, livestock grazing in protected areas can potentially undermine conservation objectives. The interspecific interactions among livestock, snow leopards (Panthera uncia), and their wild prey in fragile Asian highland ecosystems have been a subject of debate. We strategically deployed 164 camera traps in the Wolong National Nature Reserve to systematically investigate the activities of snow leopards, their primary wild ungulate prey species, and free-ranging livestock. We found that snow leopard habitat use was influenced by both wild prey and livestock. Blue sheep served as the main wild prey that spatially attracted snow leopards and coexisted with yaks while free-ranging yaks significantly restricted snow leopard habitat use both temporally and spatially. This study challenges the conventional understanding that livestock indirectly impacts large carnivores by competing with and displacing wild prey. Our findings highlight that free-ranging yaks within the alpine canyon terrain could directly limit snow leopard habitat use, suggesting a potential risk of grazing in reducing apex predator distribution and jeopardizing their populations. Consequently, managing their coexistence in shared habitats requires a more nuanced approach. Furthermore, our research underscores the importance of further research efforts aimed at enhancing our comprehension of the complex interplay within animal communities and ecosystems. This knowledge will contribute to the development of informed, evidence-based conservation strategies and policies.

An Integrated Model of Destination Attractiveness and Tourists' Environmentally Responsible Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Place Attachment.

This study aimed to empirically explore the relationship between destination attractiveness and tourists' environmentally responsible behavior (TERB), as based on self-regulated attitude theory. In this paper, we have divided destination attractiveness into two aspects: the attractiveness of a facility's services, and that of the sightseeing experience, so as to build a structural equation model with mediation analysis. For our research, we selected Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan as the site of our case study, and we conducted a survey using a questionnaire. We then analyzed the path using a structural equation model. Our results show: (1) two elements of destination attractiveness have significantly positive effects on TERB; and (2) place attachment exerts a mediating effect among the attractiveness of the facility's services, that of the sightseeing experience, and TERB. Therefore, enhancing destination attractiveness and tourists' emotional attachments to locations could help to promote the implementation of TERB and the achievement of sustainable tourism development.

Primulawolongensis (Primulaceae), a new species of the primrose from Sichuan, China.

This paper describes and illustrates a new species of Primulaceae, Primulawolongensis sp. nov. from Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province, China. It is very rare and currently only known from its type locality. The new species belongs to subsection Chartacea of the section Petiolares on account of lacking bud scales at flowering, being efarinose and having distinct petiolate leaves with more or less rounded lamina. The new species can be differentiated from other members of the subsection by leaf blade margin dentate, and leaf veins which are not raised, scape shorter than or equal to pedicels, yellow flowers and location of stamens of the corolla tube at thrum flower. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosome internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) demonstrated that P.wolongensis was sister to subgen. Auriculastrum. Primulawolongensis is currently known from a single location in Wolong Town, and its conservation status is assessed as Data Deficient (DD).

Bulbophyllum wolongense , a New Orchidaceae Species from Sichuan Province in China, and Its Plastome Comparative Analysis

A new orchid species, Bulbophyllum wolongense , from the Wolong National Nature Reserve (Sichuan, China), is proposed and described . Using the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) and complete plastome sequences, we examined the phylogenetic position of this species and explored the plastome variation among the species of genus Bulbophyllum . The plastome of B. wolongense had a length of 157,496 bp and encoded 132 genes. Comparative plastid genome analysis revealed that the plastome length of B. wolongense was within the length range of other Bulbophyllum plastomes, and the plastome of B. wolongense was relatively conserved in structure compared to other Bulbophyllum plastomes that presented some genes ( ndh , accD , and trnL-UAA ) loss or pseudogenization, a small inversion, and inverted repeat boundary expansions. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses of 17 Bulbophyllum whole plastomes, 67 shared protein-coding genes from 17 Bulbophyllum whole plastomes, and 4 DNA (ITS, Xdh , matK , and psbA - trnH ) concatenated sequences from 127 Bulbophyllum species, all strongly supported that B. wolongense is a member of the Cirrhopetalum alliance and most likely in B. sect. Brachyantha . Further comparative morphological analysis showed that B. wolongense is clearly morphologically distinguishable from its closely related species in the phylogenetic tree.

Estimation of Broadleaf Tree Canopy Height of Wolong Nature Reserve Based on InSAR and Machine Learning Methods

Tree height is an important parameter for calculating forest carbon sink and assessing forest carbon cycle. In order to obtain forest tree height over a large area both efficiently and at a low cost, this study proposed an Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) combined with a machine learning method to estimate the tree canopy height. The forest height in the study area was obtained using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, which was considered to be the true canopy height. Two machine learning methods (Random Forest, Multi-layer perceptron) were used to establish the relationship between phase center height calculated by InSAR DEM differential interference method and coherent amplitude method with true canopy height. The topographic factor, backward scattering coefficient and coherence coefficient were introduced into the relationship model. It was found that the accuracy of tree height estimation using random forest and two InSAR methods can reach 0.95 and 0.94. The root-mean-square error was 1.76 m, 1.86 m, respectively. The accuracy of tree height estimation using multi-layer perceptron and two InSAR methods was 0.25 and 0.2. The root-mean-square error was 3.96 m and 4.13 m. The results indicated that the combination of InSAR and machine learning can estimate canopy height efficiently and at a low cost. Moreover, the integrated learning algorithm random forest demonstrated better stability and higher accuracy than the single learning algorithm multi-layer perceptron.

Social innovation in a typical social‐ecological system in China: Identifying linkages between the dependence of key stakeholders on ecosystem services and the level of their multi‐dimensional human well‐being

AbstractLinkages between ecosystem services and human well‐being are complex. These linkages are of particular significance to disadvantaged communities, commonly residing in marginalized rural areas, and having difficulties regarding biophysical factors, infrastructure, housing, and aging populations. In this paper, we focused on such a typical area in Southwestern China, where we examined the linkages between ecosystem services and human well‐being, underpinning our investigation by the social innovation theory and a social‐ecological system framework. Going beyond what has been done by other scientists, we considered the heterogeneity of beneficiaries and assessed human well‐being as it was valued by people, on the ground. We did it with full realization that stakeholder evaluation is becoming a novel means and an important instrument for targeting sustainability. The identification of key stakeholders in the Wolong Nature Reserve was the first step in our research. We categorized and classified the stakeholders into groups based on their dependence on ecosystem services and their socio‐economic characteristics. Significant differentiations among human well‐being were found, and stakeholders with heterogeneous socio‐economic characteristics had a varied dependence on specific ecosystem services. Further, the regression analysis performed revealed key factors that would mediate the level of human well‐being at the local level. The factors identified included the dependence of people on regulating and cultural services, their level of education, knowledge and occupation. Our results have contributed to discerning key stakeholders for ecosystem management purposes and determining the driving factors mediating the linkages between ecosystem services and human well‐being. Thus, in addition to contribution to science, the results have potential practical implications for steering a more sustainable governance of nature in areas that are similar to this typical socio‐ecological system in China.

Participation, income growth and poverty alleviation in payments for ecosystem services: The case of China's Wolong Nature Reserve

Through the case of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) in China's Wolong Nature Reserve, this study investigates the effect of PES participation on income growth and the role of non-agricultural employment and education investment. In addition, this study also examines the differences in this effect caused by income inequality and land property inequality. By drawing on a large amount of literature that conceptualises poverty alleviation as one of the multiple goals of PES, this study opens up our view on the complex relationship between PES participation and income growth. The findings demonstrate that increased PES participation can promote income growth. In addition, PES participation in promoting income growth is more beneficial to small and medium farmers than large farmers. However, this promotion effect can also exacerbate economic inequality. Finally, PES participation in promoting income growth mainly depends on improving non-agricultural employment rather than increasing education investment.

The impact of ecotourism on local rural households' livelihood around Wolong Nature Reserve

PurposeThe development of tourism around Wolong Nature Reserve changes the local communities' ways of life. This study discusses how ecotourism affects the households' use of their capitals, the livelihood strategies as well as illustrates the impact on the habitats in the reserve through Department for International Development’s (DFID) Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF) with data collected during fieldwork.Design/methodology/approachThe study focuses on (1) Calculating Livelihood Capital Index. (2) The effects of livelihood capitals on livelihood strategy were calculated by multinomial logistic regression.FindingsThe study has yielded the following results: (1) In general, tourism promotes people's livelihood capitals. The growth in different types of households under tourism settings is ranked as full-time tourism operators > part-time tourism operators > traditional living households. (2) Tourism development mainly shifts livelihood strategies in two ways. Firstly, travel operating replaces some traditional practices that make livings; secondly, increased needs for potherbs and herbs from tourists let households enter into the hills to pick the plants more actively, which intensifies the destruction of giant panda's habitats. (3) Nine types of livelihood capitals indicators, namely farmland quality, distance between house and roads, number of laborers, average housing area, average income per person, whether family members being village cadres, and ever having received skills training shape livelihood strategies in different levels.Originality/valueThree discussions are drawn from the study: (1) Enhancing the exploit for tourism resources to form a diversified competition. (2) Introducing herb growing to fulfill tourists' needs and improve people's livelihood in the meantime. (3) Optimizing the tourism surveillance and management system and improving the rules and regulations.

Reply to “Comments on ‘Spatial Utilization and Microhabitat Selection of the Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) under Different Livestock Grazing Intensities’”

Abstract We thank Luxom and Sharma for their attention to and comments on our study. In recent years, livestock have been expanding into snow leopard habitat, and we conducted this study to examine the effects of that encroachment on snow leopard habitat within Wolong Nature Reserve. Specific responses to Luxom and Sharma’s comments include the following: 1) Many habitat factors influence carnivore–habitat relationships at varying spatial scales, and it is difficult for any single study to address the full suite of factors acting across all scales of selection. Given this fact and the limited spatial scale of our snow leopard sign survey, we mainly focused on snow leopard space use and microhabitat selection. 2) Our results are not necessarily conflicting, but more research is required to further explain how high sign densities, concentrated space use, and weak habitat selection behaviors might relate to each other. 3) We agree that examining a gradient of grazing intensities would be preferable, but because of the difficulty in collecting sufficient field data and the nature of livestock grazing patterns in our study area, we think that dividing our survey area into high- and low-grazing-disturbance areas was appropriate. 4) The original intent of this study was to examine habitat factors and response to livestock within our study area in Wolong Nature Reserve, and we did not intend for our specific results to be used for management recommendations beyond Wolong but instead encourage similar studies to be conducted in other areas.

Temporal and spatial niche differentiation among three alpine Galliformes with sympatric distribution in the Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province

Temporal and spatial niche differentiation among three alpine Galliformes with sympatric distribution in the Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province

Complex Effects of Telecouplings on Forest Dynamics: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach

Abstract Rural areas are increasingly subject to the effects of telecouplings (socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances) whereby their human and natural dynamics are linked to socioeconomic and environmental drivers operating far away, such as the growing demand for labor and ecosystem services in cities. Although there have been many studies evaluating the effects of telecouplings, telecouplings in those studies were often investigated separately, and how telecouplings may interact and affect dynamics of rural coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) jointly was rarely evaluated. In this study, we developed an agent-based model and simulated the impacts of two globally common telecouplings, nature-based tourism and labor migration, on forest dynamics of a rural CHANS, China’s Wolong Nature Reserve (Wolong). Nature-based tourism and labor migration can facilitate forest recovery, and the predicted forest areas in Wolong in 2030 would be reduced by 26.2 km2 (6.8%) and 23.9 km2 (6.2%), respectively, without their effects. However, tourism development can significantly reduce the probability of local households to have member(s) outmigrate to work in cities and decrease the positive impact of labor migration on forest recovery. Our simulations show that the interaction between tourism and labor migration can reduce the potential forest recovery by 3.5 km2 (5.0%) in 2030. Our study highlights that interactions among different telecouplings can generate significant impacts on socioeconomic and environmental outcomes and should be jointly considered in the design, management, and evaluation of telecouplings for achieving sustainable development goals. Significance Statement Rural areas are increasingly connected with other places through telecouplings, such as tourism and labor migration. However, telecouplings’ effects were often evaluated separately, and their interaction remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated how two globally common telecouplings, tourism and labor migration, jointly affect forest dynamics in a demonstration site using an agent-based modeling approach. Although both tourism and labor migration can benefit forest conservation, we found that their interaction generates an antagonistic effect: households’ involvement in tourism activities reduces their probability to have members outmigrate to work in cities and significantly diminishes the beneficial impact of labor migration on forest recovery. Our study highlights the importance of considering interaction among telecouplings in the management of telecouplings for sustainability.

Railway Alignment Optimization Based on Multiobjective Bi-Level Programming Considering Ecological Impact

Railway projects frequently pass through ecologically fragile regions and result in various ecological damages. The railway alignment determining the layout of structures plays an important role in ecological protection. This paper presents a railway alignment optimization model based on multiobjective bi-level programming (MBRAO). The upper level of MBRAO is a horizontal alignment optimization for the minimization of investment and ecological impacts from tunnel drainage and train noise. A multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) solves the horizontal alignment optimization and naturally maintains population diversity. The lower level of MBRAO is a vertical alignment optimization for investment minimization. A self-adaptive differential evolution (DE) algorithm adjusting essential parameters based on optimization status solves the vertical alignment optimization efficiently. MBRAO is applied in multistage at both levels to find the suitable numbers of horizontal and vertical points of intersection. This paper introduces three kinds of vertical feature data generated corresponding to horizontal feature data to define different site modification costs on the bridge, subgrade, and tunnel structures. A real-world case study at Wolong Reserve is studied to verify the effectiveness of MBRAO based on a customized geographic information system (GIS).

Implications of habitat overlap between giant panda and sambar for sympatric multi-species conservation

Context Studies of distribution and habitat utilisation of sympatric animals, especially those experiencing population increases, are useful for understanding their specialised habitat niches and interspecies relationships, in addition to developing effective protection strategies. Aims As a species that lives within the range of the giant panda, the sambar population has been increasing in the past few decades in Southwest China. In this paper, we aimed to analyse the overlap in habitat area and habitat suitability between giant panda and sambar in Wolong National Nature Reserve to examine potential sympatric species competition in the context of wildlife conservation. Methods We ran MaxEnt models based on giant panda occurrence sign locations (n = 316) and sambar presence locations (n = 598). In addition, we predicted the core and secondary habitat for the two species to assess the degree of competition across a gradient of habitat conditions. Key results Our analysis detected significant habitat overlap between the two species – up to 75.96% in their potential habitat, with suitability overlap indices reaching 0.74. Conclusions These results indicate that the similarity of habitat requirements of the two species is high in our study area. In addition, the competition over space utilisation between the two species’ populations could intensify in the future as the sambar population increases. Implications Our results suggest that habitat restoration and corridor construction could be recommended as conservation strategies for future wildlife conservation in China’s Giant Panda National Park. Moreover, future wildlife conservation should pay greater attention to the niche overlap and interspecific competition among sympatric species. We suggest strengthening habitat restoration and corridors for all key species in the region, not just giant pandas, to alleviate the increased competition associated with niche overlap among sympatric species.

The Future of Community-Based Ecotourism (CBET) in China’s Protected Areas: A Consistent Optimal Scenario for Multiple Stakeholders

Community-based ecotourism (CBET) has become a popular strategy to alleviate the contradiction between ecological protection and community development. As the stakeholders of CBET, the community’s participation in the planning process is of great importance to in order to realize the sustainability of CBET. Taking a community in Wolong Nature Reserve as a case study, in this study we developed a decision-making participation mechanism based on the participatory scenario method. Through this mechanism, community stakeholders can effectively reach consensus with other stakeholders on the planning of CBET in the future. The results showed that community participation in the planning process can mean decisions are more likely to reflect their interests. They unanimously proposed that future CBET must adhere to the basic principle of protecting biodiversity and must maximize the welfare of the community. Moreover, achieving the sustainability of CBET in protected areas requires the cooperation of all stakeholders.

Quantifying the Preference of Stakeholders in the Utilization of Forest Resources

The economic contribution of forest resources to the communities surrounding nature reserves cannot be ignored. The method for which to find a forest resource utilization path to balance the contradiction between local farmers’ economic development and ecological protection in the development of nature reserves is important. However, little attention has been given to the effect of forest resource users’ behavioral preferences on forest resource utilization. This study selected Wolong Nature Reserve as a case study and randomly interviewed different stakeholders with semi-structured questionnaires to investigate the differences in forest resource utilization patterns among stakeholders with different behavioral preferences. According to the results of multi-attribute decision analysis with behavioral preference, stakeholders form different behavioral preferences by judging their own resource endowment. With a change of in the behavioral preference value λ, when the behavioral preference of stakeholders is more pessimistic (λ = 0.1), cautious (λ = 0.3), or neutral (λ = 0.5), they are more inclined to choose the economically dominant forest resource utilization mode; when the behavioral preference of stakeholders is optimistic (λ = 0.7) or even radical (λ = 0.9), they choose the eco-economic or eco-dominant forest resource utilization mode, respectively. This study confirms that stakeholders’ behavioral preferences have an important impact on forest resource utilization patterns. Therefore, policy making should focus on improving the economic benefits of forest resources and providing alternative livelihoods, which will change the resource endowment of the stakeholders of nature reserve, guide them to turn to relatively optimistic behavioral preferences, enhance their awareness and motivation of ecological protection, and thereby improve forest conservation outcomes.

Habitat Use and Activity Patterns of Mammals and Birds in Relation to Temperature and Vegetation Cover in the Alpine Ecosystem of Southwestern China with Camera-Trapping Monitoring.

Simple SummaryThe Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan province covers a unique mountainous ecosystem located on the eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau in China. We applied a popular non-invasive observational method, i.e., infrared-triggered camera trapping, to gain thousands of photographs of wildlife to monitor biodiversity over three years. Combined with data on the local abiotic factors, our integrative statistical analysis identified the key environmental drivers, i.e., temperature and vegetation, affecting the distribution and abundance of mammals and birds in the reserve. All species were classified into three main types by their tolerance of or fondness for different environmental conditions. The detectability of each species by camera trapping was quantified and ranked to provide insights on each species’ relative abundance in the area.The high-altitude ecosystem of the Tibetan Plateau in China is a biodiversity hotspot that provides unique habitats for endemic and relict species along an altitudinal gradient at the eastern edge. Acquiring biodiversity information in this area, where the average altitude is over 4000 m, has been difficult but has been aided by recent developments in non-invasive technology, including infrared-triggered camera trapping. We used camera trapping to acquire a substantial number of photographic wildlife records in Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China, from 2013 to 2016. We collected information of the habitat surrounding the observation sites, resulting in a dataset covering 37 species and 12 environmental factors. We performed a multivariate statistical analysis to discern the dominant environmental factors and cluster the mammals and birds of the ecosystem in order to examine environmental factors contributing to the species’ relative abundance. Species were generalized into three main types, i.e., cold-resistant, phyllophilic, and thermophilic, according to the identified key environmental drivers (i.e., temperature and vegetation) for their abundances. The mammal species with the highest relative abundance were bharal (Pseudois nayaur), Moupin pika (Ochotona thibetana), and Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana). The bird species with highest relative abundance were snow partridge (Lerwa lerwa), plain mountain finch (Leucosticte nemoricola), Chinese monal (Lophophorus lhuysii), and alpine accentor (Prunella collaris).

Study on Suitable Habitat and Activity Rhythm of Trgopan temminckii in Wolong National Nature Reserve

In this study, the relevant information about Trgopan temminckii collected by infrared camera survey in Wolong National Nature Reserve from 2014 to 2019 was collected, and species distribution model (MaxEnt) was used to predict the suitable habitat of Trgopan temminckii in the Nature Reserve. The difference of activity rhythm in spring, summer, autumn and winter was analyzed using kernel density estimation method. The results showed that in Wolong National Nature Reserve, the predicted suitable habitat for Trgopan temminckii was 430.38 km2, accounting for 21.52% of the total area of the reserve, which was mainly distributed in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest at middle and low altitude on both sides of Pitiao River in the reserve. In terms of activity rhythm, the highest activity intensity of Trgopan temminckii was in spring followed by autumn and summer, and the lowest in winter. The daily activity rhythm of Trgopan temminckii in autumn was significantly different from that in spring, summer and winter, but there was no significant difference between spring, summer and winter. This study preliminarily identified the potential suitable habitat distribution of Trgopan temminckii in Wolong National Nature Reserve and the difference of activity rhythm in spring, summer, autumn and winter, which provided scientific basis for the conservation and management of Trgopan temminckii and other Phasianidaes distributed in the same area in the reserve.