WLAN Networks Research Articles

MEASURING QUALITY OF WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK USING QUALITY OF SERVICE FRAMEWROK

The internet has a very important role in education. Many activities are done through internet. AMIK DCC Bandar Lampung is an educational institution that uses the internet as one of the supporting facilities and infrastructures to manage and organize the data and information used by the student to find references about the lecture. There are three buildings on the main campus building A building B and C buildings, where each building using WLAN to deploy internet access. There are some complaints submitted by students related wireless network encourage researchers to study the quality of service WLAN. Thus the researchers wanted to analyze the Quality of Service WLAN networks in building A, building B, and C, in each floor. The method used in this research is Quality of Services (QoS). Where an analysis wireless network by four parameters. There are namely delay, packet lost, bandwidth, and throughput. The results of the measurement and monitoring of Quality of Service WLAN at AMIK DCC Bandar Lampung in building A, building B, C on each floor of the building can be classified in the category of good which value index is 3, and the factors that occurred in the signal range cannot cover every room in every building and have not good bandwidth management.

REDESIGN DAN PEMETAAN JARINGAN WLAN BERDASARKAN CAKUPAN AREA DI KANTOR DINAS PENDIDIKAN KAYUAGUNG

Abstract : Wi-Fi technologies are widely used generally using IEEE 802 wireless standardization. 11a/b/g which works at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. These devices are found in almost all places, such as in offices – Government offices, private companies, entertainment venues, and educational venues. Currently the need for Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) is very much needed, because nowadays many gadget devices that have been equipped with Wi-Fi so that with Wi-Fi Everyone can access the Internet everywhere. Based on the results of a field survey conducted on the WLAN network in the office of the Dinas Pendidikan Kayuagung in South Sumatera, from all computer units in the office is connected to the Internet through a network cable or wireless network, that the wireless network felt is still less optimal because there are some areas that are not covered or affordable by the Wi-Fi network. The researcher aims to redesign and rebrand Wi-Fi networks based on the scope of the area to be more optimal. While the research method to be used is the method PPDIOO (Prepare Plan Design Implement Operate and Optimize).

Dual-band Frequency Surface Design by Implementing a Simple Design Technique

Mutual interference between wireless devices in indoor environment reduces system performance. Ensuring secure personal communication within such wireless networks is also another important problem. Existing indoor surfaces can be converted to frequency-selective surfaces to avoid interferences among WLAN networks, as well as securing personal data. ISM signals of 2.4 and 5.8 GHz are intensively used in indoor environment. In this work, a novel band-stop periodic element geometry that attenuates incoming 2.4 and 5.8 GHz ISM signals for a wide range of incidence angles is presented. The achieved attenuation level is minimum 20 dB in the desired frequency bands. Optimization of the proposed geometry is achieved with an ease by using a novel multi-band FSS design technique which is based on nested geometries and miniaturizing.

Evaluation of a wireless Broadband Network for VoIP in Huaytará

Consiste en diseñar y evaluar el rendimiento de una red inalámbrica de banda ancha en la provincia de Huaytará, para la conectividad a internet. Es una investigación aplicada y experimental donde se evaluó los parámetros de rendimiento de la red. La variable dependiente es la capacidad de la celda Wlan y los parámetros de QoS; y como variables independientes la cobertura y la densidad de la red Wlan. Se puede afirmar que para radios de hasta 8 metros, la tasa de datos del cliente experimental es superior a la tasa de datos del cliente control, y para radios mayores a 15 metros, las tasas de datos del cliente experimental y control no son diferentes. En cuanto a los parámetros de QoS, son favorables para las aplicaciones multimedia. La red implementada con tecnología TDM-E1/Ethernet e IEEE 802.11n, tiene una capacidad máxima por celda de 32.5 Mbps en la banda de 2.4G y de 65 Mbps en la banda de 5.8G, considerando parámetros de operación mínimo de los dispositivos inalámbricos. Los usuarios tienen un tasa de datos en campo de 15.2 Mbps para una radio máximo de 8 metros con hasta 7 usuarios inalámbricos conectados en la celda, en 2.4 Ghz.

Human Health and Velocity Aware Network Selection Scheme for WLAN/WiMAX Integrated Networks with QoS

The objective of this paper is to propose a human health aware network selection scheme for integrated WLAN and WiMAX networks by considering the velocity of the mobile device, achievable SAR value, network condition and required bandwidth. This paper investigates the handoff-related issues in WLAN/WiMAX integrated overlay network, proposed handoff algorithms for two different scenarios, and evaluated the performance of the proposed scheme with respect to both fixed and mobile devices. Also, our handoff algorithm considers the parameters like bandwidth requirement, available bandwidth, the speed of the mobile terminal, and SAR value at the time of selecting the target point of attachment. This SAR based handoff helps the mobile users in saving battery power and in reducing the biological effects such as sleep disturbance, brain tumor, depression and cancer caused by EM signals on the human body. Thus our proposed handoff scheme improves the QoS and it protects the human health.

Bridging the Transition from IEEE 802.11ac to IEEE 802.11ax: Survival of EDCA in a Coexistence Environment

TGax aims at developing the IEEE 802.11ax protocol to provide enhanced throughput and power efficiency in dense WiFi deployment environments. The new specification shifts the focus from EDCA access to point coordination access, which aims at improving network utilization and power efficiency. Furthermore, it introduces, for the first time, the concept of RU allocation and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) techniques. The new specification addresses the spectral inefficiency in existing transmission by including schedule-based multi-user multiple-input, multiple- output (MU-MIMO) and multi-user OFDMA (MU-OFDMA) techniques to facilitate multi-user uplink transmission for high efficiency (HE) devices. However, complete adoption of the HE protocol is likely to take place over a period of time to offset the deployment cost. To ensure the coexistence of non-HE devices during the transition period, EDCA based single user transmission will remain the basic access technique and a focal point of spectral inefficiency for non-HE devices in the uplink direction. Motivated by our work on the performance of IEE 802.11ac, we propose an EDCA based uplink transmission technique for non-HE devices that allows multi-user transmission to improve spectral efficiency in coexistent WLAN networks.

Bézier Curves-Based Novel Out-of-Path Beamforming Calibration Technique in IEEE 802.11 WLAN Networks

Beamforming is a major building block of Radio Resource Management (RRM) in WLAN networks that helps mitigate the interference and maximize the transmission opportunity of Access Points (AP) toward Wireless Devices (WD). In contrast to the related-work In-Path approaches, we propose a novel Out-Of-Path approach to beamforming calibration that is based on concepts from Computer Aided Graphical Design (CAGD) field and now-a-day network design best practices. The enhancement that the presented solution adds to the beamforming operation time and results’ accuracy is investigated. It is demonstrated that the processing of beamformer’s parameters: array elements’ signal weighting and phase shifting, to achieve the desired angle of radiation, direction of arrival and gain, is possible at Wireless Lan Controller (WLC) level in indoor controlled WLAN networks. Further, we introduce in the same context, the concept of a pseudoAP, a virtual AP that represents a cluster of all possible real AP beamformers to a given WD and investigate the enhancement that it may add. The results of both simulations show an important enchancement of the conventional beamformer processing time at AP level. But at WLC level, a trade-off exists between maximizing the transmission opportunity and reducing the required processing time.

Multicasting in Next-Generation Software-Defined Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Multicasting is an efficient mechanism to disseminate popular multimedia content to multiple interested third generation partnership project (3GPP) cellular users. To further enhance the multicast cellular capacity, non-3GPP WLAN networks can be leveraged to relieve the load of the 3GPP cellular networks. In this paper, we propose the distributed procedure of de-touring the multicast traffic to WLAN in the current LTE and WLAN heterogeneous network architecture. We also propose promising software-defined networking (SDN)-based centralized approach that facilitates multicast content dissemination, bringing efficiency and flexibility to the network. We analyze both the distributed and centralized approaches based on the multicast content popularity. Our analysis reveals that the SDN-based approach in heterogeneous cellular communication and multicasting brings significant radio resource savings. We also conduct packet-level simulation with a real SDN controller and smartphones to confirm the feasibility of the proposed SDN-based approach.

ML-Optimized Beam-based Radio Coverage Processing in IEEE 802.11 WLAN Networks

ML-Optimized Beam-based Radio Coverage Processing in IEEE 802.11 WLAN Networks

ML-Optimized Beam-based Radio Coverage Processing in IEEE 802.11 WLAN Networks

ML-Optimized Beam-based Radio Coverage Processing in IEEE 802.11 WLAN Networks

A Performance Study of a Fast-Rate WLAN Fingerprint Measurement Collection Method

Indoor positioning systems exploiting WLAN signal measurements such as Received Signal Strength (RSS) are gaining popularity due to high accuracy of the results. Sets of RSS and other measurements at designated locations from available WLAN access points (APs) are conventionally called fingerprints and retrieved from network cards at typically one Hz rate. Such measurement collection is needed for offline radio-map surveying stage which assigns fingerprints to locations, and for online navigation stage, when collected measurements are associated with the radio-map for positioning. As WLAN network is not originally designed for localization, the network cards occasionally miss the fingerprints, measurement fluctuations necessitate statistical signal processing, and surveying process is very time consuming. This paper describes a fast measurement collection approach that addresses the mentioned problems: higher probability of measurement acquisition, more data for statistical processing and faster surveying. The approach is further analyzed for practical setting applications.

ANALISIS PENGARUH JUMLAH CLIENT DAN JARAK CAKUPAN WIRELESS AP IEEE 802.11 N TERHADAP KUALITAS JARINGAN WLAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK UR DAN WDS

Standar jaringan WLAN yang paling banyak beredar dipasaran saat ini adalah IEEE 802.11n. Untuk membangun jaringan WLAN yang lebih praktis dapat menggunakan teknik UR dan WDS.
 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat mengukur dan menganalisa pengaruh jumlah client dan jarak terhadap kualitas jaringan WLAN yang menggunakan teknik UR dan WDS dengan parameter ukur bandwidth, jitter, dan packet loss.
 Hasil analisa data diketahui bahwa semakin banyak client dan semakin jauh jarak transmisi dapat menurunkan kualitas jaringan UR dan WDS. Kualitas jaringan terbaik dihasilkan jaringan UR pada jarak 7,5m dengan rata-rata bandwidth sebesar 11934.7035 Kbps, rata-rata jitter sebesar 2.3563135 ms, dan rata-rata packet loss sebesar 1.90% dibandingkan jaringan WDS dengan rata-rata bandwidth 3846.9135 Kbps, rata-rata jitter 9.496095 ms, dan rata-rata packet loss 5.23%. Kualitas jaringan terburuk dihasilkan jaringan WDS pada jarak 30m dengan rata-rata bandwidth sebesar 898.32735 Kbps, rata-rata jitter sebesar 37.32591 ms, dan rata-rata packet loss sebesar 47.10% dibandingkan jaringan UR dengan rata-rata bandwidth 8859.797 Kbps, rata-rata jitter 13.082195 ms, dan rata-rata packet loss 19.24%. Hasil keseluruhan pengukuran diketahui bahwa teknik UR lebih unggul dibandingkan WDS dalam membangun jaringan WLAN.
 
 KATA KUNCI : WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network), UR (Universar Repeater), WDS (Wireless Distribution System), Bandwidth, Jitter, Packet Loss

A Novel Load-Balancing Scheme for Cellular-WLAN Heterogeneous Systems With a Cell-Breathing Technique

This paper proposes a novel load-balancing scheme for an operator-deployed cellular-wireless local area network (WLAN) heterogeneous network (HetNet), where the user association is controlled by employing a cell-breathing technique for the WLAN network. This scheme eliminates the complex coordination and additional signaling overheads between the users and the network by allowing the users to simply associate with the available WLAN networks similar to the traditional WLAN-first association, without making complex association decisions. Thus, this scheme can be easily implemented in an existing operator-deployed cellular-WLAN HetNet. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of load distribution between cellular and WLAN networks, user fairness, and system throughput, which demonstrates the superiority of the proposed scheme in load distribution and user fairness, while optimizing the system throughput. In addition, a cellular-WLAN interworking architecture and signaling procedures are proposed for implementing the proposed load-balancing schemes in an operator-deployed cellular-WLAN HetNet.

Algorithms for Estimation of the Coverage Area and Low Blocking Probability Model Log-Normal Shadowing for 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz in Indoor Environments

Background/Objectives: In designing WLAN networks is difficult to determine exactly the maximum range of the signal radiated by an Access Point, due to the random behavior of the signal received power and receiver sensitivity. The aim of this paper is to develop an algorithm estimate the probability of Court and the coverage area for an Access Point (AP) in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands. Methods/Statistical Analysis: For estimating the outage probability and the coverage area, two routines in Matlab for each frequency band supported on the propagation model Log-Normal Shadowing Path Loss developed, which allow decompose the received power at an average power and attenuation term shadow. Topic Relevance: Although there have been various related design WLANs work, no evidence of an algorithm to estimate the coverage area and the likelihood of court, considering it was found that, in most cases, the estimation of these parameters it is performed graphically and by using software tools on a plane set by the designer. Aspect by which developed in Matlab routines may be used in future research related to the design of WLANs. Results: Based on the results it was evident that it is possible to predict the area of coverage and outage probability for the 2.4GHz and 5GHz according to the transmission power, the detection threshold of the receiver, the probability estimated cut and environment characterization between the AP and the receiver, either free space or obstacles, supported using a shadow model attenuation. Additionally, routines allowed the generation of curves describing the behavior of area coverage and outage probability in terms of percent, depending on the radius of coverage, frequency band and environmental conditions, with 95% confidence. Application/ Improvements: The developed routines can be used as support tools in future research. Keywords: Coverage Area, Interference, Outage Probability, Reception Power, WLAN Networks

Access Channel Selection for WLAN using Fuzzy Expert System

The tremendous increase in user demands for multimedia applications with its various quality of service (QoS) requirements has become essential for the operators to accommodate the demand for real-time services in IEEE 802.11 WLAN network. Scheduling mechanism is one of the challenging issues still open for research to fully support the various QoS requirements. In this paper, scheduling scheme is proposed to manage the channel access parameter between competitive nodes. An embedded fuzzy expert system is used to dynamically allocation these parameters to the competitive stations. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm manages to optimize the overall system utilization.

Optimization of the spectral efficiency in WLAN networks in the 2.4GHz band under the use of allocation models

Background/Objectives: As a result of the proliferation of Access Point (AP) in various environments, it has demonstrated a significant increase in the interference levels betweenadjacent AP Due to sharing of the ISM bands, significantly affecting network performance.The aim of this paper is to propose an optimization model for allocating channels in the 2.4GHz band, supported in the use allocation models. Methods/Statistical Analysis: A scenario consisting of 6 storey building and 24 Access Point (AP) distributed inside was proposed. The optimization model for allocating frequencies in the 2.4 GHz band is represented as a linear programming problem based on an allocation model, which is a variant of transport models. The model seeks to minimize interference between AP and thereby increase SINR levels and spectral efficiency. To determine whether the proposed model (MF) makes a better allocation of channels than the current model (MA), which incorporates policies RRM, a hypothesis test is performed under mean difference for two independent samples, by t tests -student. Topic Relevance: Although there have been several related channel assignment work, no evidence of any optimization model that has considered using allocation models as a strategy for optimizing spectral efficiency was found. In addition, the model offers levels and reduced computational time complexity. Findings: based on the results it was evident that the model proposed optimization (MF) made a better allocation of resources in the frequency domain compared to the current model (MA), reaching an increase of about 15% in SINR average, with 95% confidence. Application / Improvements: The MF model can be considered as a tool in future research related to the design and analysis of wireless networks which use the 2.4GHz band, to assess aspects of performance, efficiency and QoS. Keywords: Channel Assignment, Efficiency, Optimization, Performance, SINR, WLAN

Optimization of the spectral efficiency in WLAN networks in the 2.4GHz band under the use of allocation models

Optimization of the spectral efficiency in WLAN networks in the 2.4GHz band under the use of allocation models

Triple band notched mushroom and uniplanar EBG structures based UWB MIMO/Diversity antenna with enhanced wide band isolation

Triple band-rejection MIMO/Diversity UWB antenna characteristics are described in this paper. Proposed antenna discards worldwide interoperability for microwave access WiMAX band from 3.3 to 3.6 GHz, wireless local area network WLAN band from 5 to 6 GHz and X-Band satellite downlink communication band from 7.1 to 7.9 GHz. Mushroom Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures helps to attain band notches in WiMAX and WLAN bands. Uniplanar plus shaped EBG structure is used for notch in X-band downlink satellite communication band. Decoupling strips and slotted ground plane are employed to develop the isolation among two closely spaced UWB monopoles. The individual monopoles are 90° angularly separated with stepped structure which helps to reduce mutual coupling and also contributes towards impedance matching by increasing current path length. Mutual coupling magnitude of more than 15 dB is found over whole UWB frequency range. The Envelope Correlation Coefficient is less than 0.02 over whole UWB frequency range.The variations in the notched frequency with the variations in mushroom EBG structure parameters are investigated.The antenna has been designed using FR-4 substrate and overall dimensions is (64 × 45 × 1.6) mm3.

ANALISIS KEPUASAN SISWA TERHADAP QUALITY OF SERVICE JARINGAN WLAN SMKN 2 PADANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE FUZZY-SERVQUAL

Satisfaction is the level of one's feelings after comparing the performance (outcome) that he felt compared to his expectations. Servqual method combined with fuzzy logic with the aim that the measurement of perceptions and expectations of students can be measured more precisely with more objective data.The purpose of this research is to measure the level of student satisfaction on Quality of Service WLAN network SMKN 2 Padang using Fuzzy-Servqual method. The method used in determining the level of student satisfaction is Servqual method that contains five dimensions of reliability, responsiveness, tangibles, security and access. The results of the analysis show that the overall gap is negative, which means that students are not satisfied with WLAN SMKN 2 Padang service. The gap value of each dimension in the Accounting department is reliability = -0.580; responsiveness = -0.4461; tangible = -0.603; security = -0.146; access = -0.4463. While in the tourism business travel department (UPW) gap value for the dimensions of reliability = -1,620; responsiveness = -1,460; tangible = -1,897; security = -1,517; access = -1,260. For the overall gap Accounting majors = -0.451, while the tourism business travel (UPW) = -1.540. Keywords: Fuzzy-Servqual, gap, WLAN

MSP: Providing location privacy in WLAN networks with a MAC Swapping Protocol

Location privacy has been widely studied in the context of location-based services (LBS). However, a far more serious location privacy threat arises when malicious eavesdroppers listen to wireless transmissions from an unsuspecting mobile user in order to pinpoint his location and figure out his identity. This new scenario is known as location estimation (LE). While there are several strategies to mitigate the threats posed by LBS scenarios, only a few researchers deal with countermeasures for LE scenarios. This paper proposes MSP, a MAC Swapping Protocol that allows two mobile users to discreetly exchange their MAC addresses without malicious eavesdroppers being able to detect it. In this way, although potential eavesdroppers can still pinpoint the location of a transmitting node, they will get its identity wrong. Over time, MSP eliminates the eavesdroppers’ ability to link the position and identity of a transmitting source. In contrast to related research, the identity exchange in MSP takes into account information from the mobile users’ physical and MAC layers simultaneously, so an attack in one layer does not expose the identity exchange in the other layer. In order to provide location privacy, MSP uses two algorithms. The first algorithm works at the physical layer, allowing two mobile nodes to decide when and where to exchange their MAC addresses. The second algorithm uses virtual interfaces to guarantee that the identity exchange does not exhibit any abnormal behavior at the MAC layer. Test-bed and simulation experiments demonstrate that MSP is able to guarantee location privacy even with attackers eavesdropping at the physical and MAC layers simultaneously.