Within-person Associations Research Articles

Other momentary substance behaviors as predictors of college students’ prescription drug misuse in daily life: an exploratory study

Background Limited prior research to examine co-occurrence of prescription drug misuse with other substances among young adults has documented outcomes that are more problematic for those with higher rates of co-ingesting alcohol. There is a need to understand how college students in this period of heightened risk use other salient substances in moments of their prescription misuse in daily life. Method Young-adult college students who engaged in recent prescription misuse (N = 297) completed ecological momentary assessment (EMA) over a 28-day period, resulting in 23,578 reports. Multilevel modeling examined within-person associations between other momentary substance use (including alcohol, nicotine, energy drinks, and marijuana) and prescription misuse in daily life. Analyses accounted for between-person characteristics, having a current focal prescription, and effects of reporting over time. Participant sex was also explored as a moderator. Results In adjusted multilevel models, college students’ momentary nicotine use and energy drink use each were associated with their greater likelihood of prescription misuse in daily life. In contrast, momentary marijuana use was linked with lower likelihood of misuse. Moderation results indicated that males (but not females) were less likely to engage in prescription misuse in moments of their alcohol use. Conclusions Drawing from data obtained using EMA, findings provide novel insights about the real-world associations between prescription drug misuse and other salient substance behaviors during a developmental period that is important for establishing later substance use and health.

Neural response to rewards moderates the within-person association between daily positive events and positive affect during a period of stress exposure.

Stress and neural responses to reward can interact to predict psychopathology, but the mechanisms of this interaction are unclear. One possibility is that the strength of neural responses to reward can affect the ability to maintain positive affect during stress. In this study, 105 participants completed a monetary reward task to elicit the reward positivity (RewP), an event-related potential sensitive to rewards. Subsequently, during a stressful period, participants reported on their affect nine times a day and on daily positive and negative events for 10 days. Even during heightened stress, experiencing more positive events was associated with increased positive affect. The RewP significantly moderated this association: Individuals with a larger RewP reported greater increases in positive affect when they experienced more positive events, relative to individuals with a smaller RewP. A blunted RewP might contribute to stress susceptibility by affecting how much individuals engage in positive emotion regulation during stress.

Co-occurring mental health and drug use experiences among Black and Hispanic/Latino sexual and gender diverse individuals.

Black and Hispanic/Latino sexual and gender diverse individuals disproportionately experience overlapping health disparities, such as drug use and elevated depressive symptoms, which are often driven by minority stressors. We sought to better understand the interaction between drug use and mental health, as it may be fruitful in developing effective interventions to address co-occurring health disparities. In a longitudinal, 5-wave sample of 300 Black and Hispanic/Latino sexual and gender diverse (SGD) individuals collected between March 2020 and March 2022, we found a within-person association between greater than average levels of psychological distress (depression and anxiety) and more frequent extra-medical use of cannabis, inhalants, methamphetamines, and opioids over the span of two years. These associations held after adjusting for the direct, within-person association of internalized homonegativity with drug use frequency. These results suggest that psychological distress explains at least some variance in drug use among Black and Hispanic/Latino SGD individuals. This highlights the importance of interventions that focus on mental health among Black and Hispanic/Latino SGD individuals who report drug use.

Acute and Chronic Stress Associations With Blood Pressure: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study on an App-Based Platform.

This study examined the within- and between-person associations of acute and chronic stress with blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) using an app-based research platform. We examined data from 31,964 adults (aged 18-90 years) in an app-based ecological momentary assessment study that used a research-validated optic sensor to measure BP. Within-person associations revealed that moments with (versus without) acute stress exposure were associated with higher systolic (SBP; b = 1.54) and diastolic BP (DBP; b = 0.79) and HR ( b = 1.53; p values < .001). During moments with acute stress exposure, higher acute stress severity than usual was associated with higher SBP ( b = 0.26), DBP ( b = 0.09), and HR ( b = 0.40; p values < .05). During moments without acute stress, higher background stress severity than usual was associated with higher BP and HR (SBP: b = 0.87, DBP: b = 0.51, HR: b = 0.69; p values < .001). Between-person associations showed that individuals with more frequent reports of acute stress exposure or higher chronic stress severity had higher SBP, DBP, and HR ( p values < .05). Between-person chronic stress severity moderated within-person physiological responses to stress such that individuals with higher chronic stress severity had higher average BP and HR levels but showed smaller responses to momentary stress. Technological advancements with optic sensors allow for large-scale physiological data collection, which provides a better understanding of how stressors of different timescales and severity contribute to momentary BP and HR in daily life.

Devote yourself to enjoy daily work: a diary study on flow experience and organizational identification

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the day-to-day within-person associations between employees' flow experience and organizational identification within the rarely studied context of construction engineering project organizations.Design/methodology/approachIn this daily diary design, the authors surveyed 204 (Mage = 28.3, SD = 5.69) employees of a state-owned construction engineering project organization in southwest China via the online questionnaires comprising flow and organizational identification scales once daily on each workday for three consecutive weeks, which yielded 3,060 data entries. The authors then tested the temporal directionality between flow and organizational identification with multilevel time-series cross-lagged path analysis using Mplus 8.3.FindingsDaily flow experience was linked positively with same-day organizational identification. Importantly, flow experience on the previous day predicted organizational identification on a subsequent day, but not vice versa.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that construction engineering project managers should implement interventions fostering the employees' flow experience to promote organizational identification, with important implications for organizations aiming at flourishing workforces by facilitating organizational identification through implementing flow strategies.Originality/valueThere is a dearth of diary studies on flow and organizational identification specific to construction engineering project employees. The authors’ findings provide concrete evidence of the fluctuant nature of daily flow experience and organizational identification as well as their dynamic predictive pathway relationship.

Longitudinal relations among perceived parental warmth, self-esteem and social behaviours from middle childhood to early adolescence in China: Disentangling between- and within-person associations.

Although several studies have addressed the relations between perceived parental warmth and social behaviours, few have distinguished their between- and within-person effects or explored their within-person mediating mechanisms. This study examined the transactional relations among perceived parental warmth (i.e. maternal warmth and paternal warmth), children's self-esteem and children's positive/negative social behaviours (i.e. prosocial behaviour and delinquent behaviour) along with the mediating role of self-esteem after disentangling between- and within-person effects. A total of 4315 Chinese elementary children (44.9% girls; Mage = 9.93 years, SD = 0.73) completed relevant measures on four occasions employing 6-month intervals. Results of random-intercept cross-lagged panel models showed that (a) perceived parental warmth reciprocally and positively predicted prosocial behaviour and self-esteem; (b) perceived paternal warmth reciprocally and negatively predicted delinquent behaviour; (c) self-esteem reciprocally predicted prosocial and delinquent behaviour; (d) perceived maternal warmth reciprocally and positively predicted prosocial behaviour through self-esteem; (e) perceived parental warmth reciprocally and negatively predicted delinquent behaviour through self-esteem; and (f) perceived maternal and paternal warmth differed in their relations with prosocial and delinquent behaviours through self-esteem. These findings illuminated the complicated longitudinal within-person interactions among perceived parental warmth, self-esteem, and social behaviours, the specific mediating mechanism of self-esteem, and the differing results associated with perceived maternal and paternal warmth, all of which yield significant implications for assessments and early interventions aimed to promote positive social behaviour.

Personal identity, somatic symptoms, and symptom-related thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in adolescence: Examining between- and within-person associations and the role of depressive symptoms.

Recent literature highlights the complex relationship between personal identity and body-related pathology, yet there is a lack of integrative longitudinal research on the relationship between identity and somatic symptoms. The present study investigated the longitudinal associations between identity functioning and (psychological characteristics of) somatic symptoms, and examined the role of depressive symptoms in this relationship. A total of 599 community adolescents (Time 1: 41.3% female; Mage = 14.93, SD = 1.77, range = 12-18 years) participated in three annual assessments. Using cross-lagged panel models, a bidirectional relationship between identity and (psychological characteristics of) somatic symptoms, mediated by depressive symptoms, emerged at the between-person level; whereas only a unidirectional relationship from psychological characteristics of somatic symptoms to identity functioning, mediated by depressive symptoms, emerged at the within-person level. Identity and depressive symptoms were bidirectionally related at both levels. The present study suggests that adolescent identity development is closely related to somatic and emotional distress.

Covariation in Salivary Cortisol and IL-6: Within-Person Associations are Time Dependent

In acute stressor paradigms, salivary cortisol is inversely associated with salivary inflammation interleukin(IL)-6, but in daily life the association between cortisol and cytokines are likely complex. The present investigation examined stable between-person and dynamic within-person associations between salivary cortisol and salivary IL-6 in daily life. Twenty-four healthy couples (n=24 males and n=24 females) provided saliva samples 4x per day (waking, mid-morning, afternoon, bedtime) for 5 days, which were assayed for cortisol and IL-6. Separate multilevel models for men and women that controlled for diurnal rhythm, age, and BMI were used to test the between- and within-person (concurrent and lagged) associations between salivary cortisol and IL-6. Between people, cortisol was negatively but not significantly associated with IL-6 in men and women (men: γ=-0.50, p=0.255; women: γ=-1.30, p=0.073). Within people, salivary cortisol and IL-6 were not concurrently associated in men (γ=-0.35, p=0.11) or women (γ=-0.15, p=0.395), but there were significant and positive within-person lagged effects: in men, when lagged by two time points (γ=0.41, p=0.015), and in women (γ=0.42, p=0.009) when lagged by one time point. When women (and men) had higher cortisol at the previous time point (or two time points before), they had higher IL-6 levels. Although cortisol typically inhibits inflammation, this effect may be more evident at the between-person level. Our results suggest that the association between cortisol and IL-6 within-person may vary temporally when measures are localized in the oral cavity.

Pathways to Healthy Aging: Insights from Psychoneuroendocrinology and Psychoneuroimmunology

Healthy aging partially depends on a balanced activity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, which, as a central component of the stress response system, acts as a nexus between environmental stressors and challenges and health. Dysregulation of the HPA axis has been associated with frailty and aging-related diseases such as depression, cognitive deficits, and some forms of dementia. Furthermore, HPA axis alterations lead to physiological changes in other biological systems, primarily the immune system, which is implicated in the onset and progression of a broad range of diseases. Despite the relevance of the HPA axis and its associated immune-related shifts for healthy aging, an accurate picture of the social and psychological phenomena that modulate them is yet to be fully developed. Within this context, the purpose of this symposium is twofold: to present programmatic findings on psychosocial determinants of cortisol daily dynamics among older adults from two established investigators and to present results by two early stage investigators that exemplify new directions in the fields of psychoneuroendocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology of aging. Specifically, Dr. Wrosch will share a series of findings from the Montreal Aging and Health Study, a 12-year longitudinal on the links between stress experiences, cortisol output, psychological factors (e.g., control strategies or self-compassion), and indicators of quality of life (e.g., well-being and health). Dr. Hoppmann will share findings from pooled analyses from multiple studies among older adults showing how momentary associations between positive and negative affect and cortisol levels are modulated by physical activity and spouses’ cortisol activity. Dr. Zilioli will discuss recent findings from the Health among Older Adults Living in Detroit study on the role played by various facets of discrimination in modulating the daily activity of the HPA axis in a sample of urban African Americans. Lastly, using data from a ten-wave longitudinal study, Dr. Reed will present cutting-edge findings on the role played by cognitive reappraisal in moderating between-person associations between life stressors and late-differentiated Natural Killer cells and within-person associations between life stressors and Interleukin-6.

Emotional dysregulation as a mediator linking sleep disturbance with aggressive behaviors: Disentangling between- and within-person associations

PurposeSleep problems and aggressive behaviors are two prevalent and highly related problems among adolescents and emerging adults worldwide. This longitudinal study examined the reciprocal relations between sleep disturbance with aggressive behaviors and whether emotional dysregulation functioned as mediator of the relations, after separating within-person effects from between-person effects. MethodsA total of 4352 freshman students participated in a five-wave longitudinal study across two and half years. Data from the second wave to the fourth wave was used in this study. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) were utilized to separate between- and within-person effects. ResultsResults from RI-CLPM showed: (a) Sleep disturbance and aggressive behaviors bidirectionally predicted each other at the within-person level; (b) Emotional dysregulation functioned as a mediator of the associations from sleep disturbance to aggressive behaviors at the within-person level. ConclusionThese findings advanced the literature by elucidating longitudinal associations among sleep disturbance, emotional dysregulation, and aggressive behaviors at the within-person level, suggesting that prevention and intervention programs targeted at improving emotional regulation skills may be helpful to prevent the developmental pathway from sleep disturbance to aggressive behaviors among college students.

Incident racial discrimination predicts elevated C-Reactive protein in the Black Women’s experiences Living with Lupus (BeWELL) study

IntroductionRacial discrimination is a distinct health threat that increases disease risk among Black Americans. Psychosocial stress may compromise health through inflammatory mechanisms. This study examines incident experiences of racial discrimination and changes in the inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP) over a two-year period among Black women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)—an inflammatory autoimmune disease sensitive to psychosocial stress and characterized by stark racial inequities in outcomes. MethodsData are from the Black Women’s Experiences Living with Lupus (BeWELL) Study. Participants (n = 380) from metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia were enrolled from April 2015 to May 2017. Incident racial discrimination was assessed bi-annually via self-report using the Experiences of Discrimination measure. CRP was assessed annually over a two-year period. Latent change score analyses modeled longitudinal within-person associations between incident racial discrimination and change in log-transformed CRP from baseline to Year 2. ResultsIncident experiences of racial discrimination were associated with elevated log-CRP across the two-year study period (b = 0.039, SE = 0.017, 95% CI: 0.006, 0.071). For each domain of incident racial discrimination experienced, CRP increased 3.98%. ConclusionThis study contributes to growing evidence on the biological consequences of racism and is the first to document an association between incident racial discrimination and changes in inflammation among Black women with SLE. Racial inequities in SLE outcomes and other diseases driven by inflammatory pathways may be explained in part through experiences of racial discrimination.

Bidirectional associations between sleep duration and emotion dysregulation across adolescence.

Throughout adolescence, both sleep and emotion regulation abilities undergo significant developmental changes. The maturational systems that govern sleep and emotion regulation are closely intertwined leading many researchers to posit a mutually reinforcing relationship. Although there is support for a bidirectional relationship among adults, empirical support for reciprocal relationships among adolescents is lacking. Given the notable developmental changes and instability that occur throughout adolescence, this is a critical period to examine whether sleep and emotion regulation abilities may be reciprocally related. Using a latent curve model with structured residuals, this study examined within-person reciprocal associations between sleep duration and emotion dysregulation among 12,711 Canadian adolescents (Mage = 14.30 years; 50% female). Participants self-reported their sleep duration and emotion dysregulation each year for 3 years beginning in Grade 9. After accounting for underlying developmental trajectories, the results did not support a bidirectional relationship between sleep duration and emotion dysregulation from one year to the next. However, there was evidence of contemporaneous associations between the residuals at each wave of assessment (r = -.12) such that less sleep than expected was concurrently associated with higher-than-expected deviations in emotion dysregulation, or, conversely, that reporting greater emotion dysregulation than expected was associated with lower-than-expected sleep duration. In contrast to previous findings, the between-person associations were not supported. Taken together, these results indicate that the relationship between sleep duration and emotion dysregulation is primarily a within-person process rather than reflecting differences between individuals and likely operates on a more proximal timescale. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Does routine communication predict marital satisfaction? Between- and within-person effects

ABSTRACT Previous studies have almost exclusively examined the between-person associations between couple communication and marital satisfaction. However, relationship dynamics have also been theorized at the within-person level. This study examined the bidirectional associations between routine communication and marital satisfaction at the between-person (interindividual) level and within-person (intraindividual) level using three annual waves of data from 268 Chinese newlyweds (Mage = 29.59, SD = 3.25 for husbands; Mage = 28.08, SD = 2.51 for wives). Participants reported separately on their experiences of routine communication and marital satisfaction. The cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) was applied to examine between-person concurrent and lagged effects, and the random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI_CLPM) was applied to examine within-person concurrent and lagged effects. Results from the CLPM revealed unidirectional lagged between-person associations from positive routine communication to marital satisfaction (instead of reciprocal associations). Results from the RI_CLPM showed a unidirectional lagged within-person association from positive routine communication to marital satisfaction (husbands only). Additionally, significant concurrent associations emerged in both models. This study provides additional insight into the within-person examination of non-conflict communication processes and highlights the importance of disaggregating between-person and within-person effects in understanding the nature of the dynamic association between routine communication and marital satisfaction.

Context-Dependent Shifts in Self-Regulatory Personality Processes During COVID-19: Changes in Control Predict Dynamic Shifts in Goal Reengagement Capacity.

The ability to reengage with new attainable goals after major setbacks is a core self-regulatory trait linked to health and well-being. Yet little is known about the extent to which such goal reengagement capacities may shift over time in response to changing contextual circumstances. Using a nationally-representative sample of U.S. adults aged 18-80 (n = 293), the present 1-year study examined whether changes in opportunity to influence life circumstances (perceived control) were coupled with dynamic shifts in goal reengagement capacity for individuals who differed in their levels of control at pandemic onset. Results of multilevel models showed that within-person increases in perceived control during the pandemic predicted corresponding within-person increases in goal reengagement capacity. Moderation models showed that the positive within-person association between perceived control and goal reengagement was pronounced for individuals with lower levels of control at pandemic onset who may be particularly sensitive to periods of opportunity to pursue new attainable goals. Findings inform theories of personality and self-regulation in pointing to contextual circumstances under which goal reengagement capacity exhibits dynamic shifts in populations who differ in their perceived opportunities for control.

Within-person pathways among maternal depressive symptoms and offspring internalizing problems from early childhood through adolescence.

The report examined reciprocal within-person associations among maternal depressive symptoms and offspring depressive, anxiety and irritability symptoms from early childhood to adolescence using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM). Participants were 609 mother-child dyads participating in the Stony Brook Temperament Study. Child and maternal internalizing symptoms were assessed every 3 years from ages 3 to 15 using maternal report on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Diagnostic Inventory for Depression, respectively. At the between-person level, maternal depressive symptoms, and child depressive, anxiety, and irritability symptoms were all positively associated with one another. At the within-person level, greater within-person child anxiety symptoms at age 3 predicted both greater child anxiety and depressive symptoms at age 15 via greater child anxiety from ages 6 to 12, and greater within-person child irritability at age 3 predicted greater maternal depressive symptoms at age 15 via greater child irritability from ages 6 to 12. Findings reveal novel within-person developmental pathways from early childhood internalizing problems to later internalizing problems in both the child and mother. Intervention and prevention efforts should thus focus on early identification and prevention of childhood internalizing symptoms to reduce negative effects on both child and parent symptoms.

Daily mindfulness, negative affect, and eating behaviors in adolescents at risk for excess weight gain.

Loss-of-control and overeating are common in adolescents with high body mass index (BMI). Mindfulness may affect negative affect, and both may relate to loss-of-control and overeating. Yet, there is limited understanding of these associations in adolescents' daily lives. Forty-five adolescents (77% female; Mage = 14.4 years, SDage = 1.7 years) with high weight (92% with BMI [kg/m2 ] ≥85th percentile for age/sex) provided daily, repeated measurements of mindfulness, negative affect, loss-of-control, and overeating for ~7 days (M = 5.6 days; range = 1-13). Multilevel mixed modeling was conducted to test within-person (intraindividual) and between-person (interindividual) associations for the same-day (concurrent) and next-day (time-ordered/prospective). There were within-person and between-person associations of higher mindfulness with lower negative affect on the same-day and next-day. Greater between-person mindfulness related to lower odds of adolescents' loss-of-control occurrence (same-day) and conversely, more perceived control over eating (same-day and next-day). Greater within-person mindfulness related to less odds of next-day overeating. Dynamic relations exist among mindfulness, negative affect, and eating in adolescents at-risk for excess weight gain. Mindfulness may be an important element to consider in loss-of-control and overeating. Future work using momentary-data within an experimental design would help disentangle the intraindividual effects of increasing mindfulness/decreasing negative affect on disordered eating. Loss-of-control and overeating are common in teenagers with high weight. Greater mindfulness-present-moment, non-judgmental attention-and less negative emotions may relate to healthier eating, but we do not know how these processes play out in teenagers' daily lives. Addressing this knowledge gap, the current findings showed that greater daily mindfulness, but not negative affect, related to less loss-of-control/overeating, suggesting the importance of mindfulness for eating patterns in teenagers' daily lives.

No Evidence for Transactional Effects Between Religiosity and Self-Esteem in a Secular Country

This research tests the unique predictions of three different theoretical perspectives on the self-esteem benefits of religiosity: the religiosity-as-a-personal-relationship-with-a-higher-power perspective, the religiosity-as-a-resource perspective, and the religiosity-as-social-value perspective. To do so, we used random-intercept cross-lagged panel models and examined the between- and within-person associations between three indicators of religiosity (belief in God, service attendance, and prayer frequency) and self-esteem across 11 annual assessments in a nationally representative sample of Dutch individuals (N = 12,915). The results reveal largely nonsignificant associations between all three religiosity indicators and self-esteem at the between- and the within-person levels. This finding supports the religiosity-as-a-social-value perspective, suggesting that the self-esteem benefits of religiosity are restricted to religious cultures only. This research extends previous research by showing that the results hold across different measures of religiosity and by providing some initial evidence that the power of the religiosity-as-a-social-value perspective might be larger than formerly assumed.

Why so slangry (sleepy and angry)? Shorter sleep duration and lower sleep efficiency predict worse next-day mood in adolescents.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationships of actigraphic nighttime sleep duration and quality with next-day mood among urban adolescents using a micro-longitudinal design. A subsample (N = 525) of participants from the Fragile Families & Child Wellbeing Study (mean age: 15.4 years; 53% female; 42% Black non-Hispanic, 24% Hispanic/Latino, 19% White non-Hispanic) in the United States between 2014 and 2016 concurrently wore a wrist actigraphic sleep monitor and rated their daily mood in electronic diaries for about 1 week. Multilevel models tested the within-person temporal associations of nightly sleep duration and sleep maintenance efficiency with next-day reports of happiness, anger, and loneliness. The models also tested the between-person associations of sleep variables and mood. Models adjusted for sociodemographic and household characteristics, weekend, and school year. After nights when adolescents obtained longer sleep duration than their usual, they reported lower ratings of anger (B = -.03, p < .01) the next day. After nights when adolescents had higher sleep maintenance efficiency than their usual, they reported higher ratings of happiness (B = .02, p < .01) the next day. Adolescents who had longer average sleep duration reported lower ratings of anger (B = -.08, p < .01) and loneliness (B = -.08, p < .01) compared to others. There was no within-person association of sleep duration or efficiency with loneliness. Sleep duration was not associated with happiness between adolescents, and sleep maintenance efficiency was not associated with any mood measure between adolescents. Improvements to nightly sleep may help increase happiness and decrease anger the following day in adolescents. Promoting sleep health is recommended to improve mood.

Minority Stress and Intimate Partner Violence among Sexual and Gender Minorities assigned Female at Birth.

Sexual and gender minorities assigned female at birth (SGM-AFAB) experience high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV). Using multiwave longitudinal data, the present study tested the following associations of minority stress and IPV among SGM-AFAB: concurrent within-person (i.e., whether changes in minority stress co-occur with changes in IPV), prospective within-person (i.e., whether changes in minority stressors precede changes in IPV), and between-persons (i.e., whether individuals who experience more minority stress, on average, experience more IPV). Data were from Waves 1-7 (spanning 3.5 years) of a longitudinal cohort study of 488 young SGM-AFAB. At each wave, participants reported on SGM victimization, sexual orientation microaggressions, internalized heterosexism, and five types of IPV for up to three partners in the past six months. Controlling for other minority stress experiences, microaggressions showed concurrent within-person associations with two types of IPV victimization (psychological and coercive control) and three types of IPV perpetration (psychological, physical, and sexual), and between-persons associations with psychological IPV victimization and coercive control victimization and perpetration. Microaggressions also had a significant prospective within-persons association with SGM-specific IPV perpetration. SGM victimization showed no unique within-person associations with IPV but, between-persons, was associated with all types of IPV victimization (except coercive control), and psychological and sexual IPV perpetration. Internalized heterosexism was not associated with any IPV outcome. Minority stress, particularly distal stressors, appear to contribute to risk for IPV among SGM-AFAB. Clinicians working with SGM-AFAB individuals in relationships may benefit from screening for experiences of minority stress.

University students’ self-efficacy for motivational regulation, use of motivational regulation strategies, and satisfaction with academic studies: Exploring between-person and within-person associations.

University students’ self-efficacy for motivational regulation, use of motivational regulation strategies, and satisfaction with academic studies: Exploring between-person and within-person associations.