Within-case Analysis Research Articles

Patients' and health professionals' perspectives regarding shared decision making in the psychiatric inpatient setting – A multiple qualitative case study

ObjectiveShared decision-making is one promising approach to promoting recovery and person-centred care but seems challenging for implementation in clinical practice. This study aimed to explore how patients and health professionals experience shared decision-making and its facilitators and barriers. MethodsA multiple qualitative case study design was chosen, using a constant comparative method. Multiple data sources were used, including individual interviews, observation, document analysis and a focus group. ResultsThrough first a within-case analysis and then second a cross-case analysis, four patient profiles and their potential for shared decision-making were constructed. The results indicate that in the daily routine of the psychiatric inpatient setting different forms of decision making are used, even though health professionals advocate shared decision-making as the favored approach. Patients also have varying expectations and perceptions regarding shared decision-making, which is reflected in the degree of their involvement. ConclusionShared decision-making could be enhanced in the future by a more proactive communication style and the proactive provision of information on the part of health professionals, in order to enhance patient participation in decision-making. InnovationThe study identified different forms of decision-making within the acute psychiatric inpatient setting, highlighting the gap between the advocated SDM approach and its practical implementation. This divergence is a key aspect, as it underlines the complexity of implementing SDM in real clinical settings.

Understanding Perceptions and Experiences on Acceptability of Oral Ivermectin, Topical Permethrin, and their Combination in the Treatment of Adult Filipino Patients with Scabies: A Multiple Case Study.

Oral ivermectin, a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drug, alone or in combination with permethrin, may be a cheaper and more convenient alternative drug to topical permethrin alone in the treatment of classic scabies. There are no previous studies on the treatment acceptability of the three interventions among individual patients with scabies in the Philippines.The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences and perceptions on treatment acceptability for oral ivermectin, topical permethrin or combination treatment among patients with scabies using the multiple-case study approach. We conducted a qualitative multiple case study among adult Filipino patients with classic scabies who were prescribed oral ivermectin, topical permethrin or its combination at a government tertiary hospital dermatology outpatient clinic from December 2022 to September 2023. Semi-structured interviews were used as the primary source of data and analyzed together with chart reviews, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores, and clinical images. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and triangulated with other secondary data. A three-person research team employed a reflexive and iterative process of familiarization, coding, and thematic analysis using a modified Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) to generate case descriptions, within-case analyses, and cross-case syntheses. The acceptability of scabies treatments (permethrin, ivermectin, and combination therapy) was generally positive. Permethrin, used in three patient cases, was generally perceived as effective but itch relief varied. The burden of whole-body application of permethrin was context-dependent, influenced by living arrangements and family support. Perceived affordability of permethrin was linked to socioeconomic status. Ivermectin, used by one patient case, was perceived as highly effective with no side effects. Its single dose use did not interfere with patient routine. Combination therapy was also considered effective but potential antagonistic effects and the cost of adding permethrin made it less preferred. Reluctance in taking oral pills was noted. All patients valued medical advice and deferred to their physicians for treatment decisions. All three treatment options were considered effective and safe. Patients generally preferred permethrin over oral ivermectin due to its topical nature and perceived lower side effects. However, affordability and logistical challenges, especially for large households and low-income families, were noted with permethrin. Oral ivermectin elicited hesitation due to its controversial role in COVID-19 and veterinary use. Concerns about added costs and potential antagonism in combination therapy were raised. Despite these considerations, patients ultimately relied on physicians for treatment decisions. This study underscores the importance of understanding patient perspectives, experiences, and the patient-physician relationship in choosing scabies interventions. Addressing patient concerns, providing education, and ensuring ease of use and affordability can enhance treatment acceptability and adherence for better outcomes.

The meanings of professional development: Perspectives of Malaysian piano teachers

In Malaysia, the work of music studio teachers outside of schools and in private settings is unregulated and teachers have limited access to professional development opportunities. Globally, research on the professional development of music teachers has mostly focused on classroom music teachers, where professional development is often mandated and official support provided. However, little is known about how music studio teachers view professionalism and how they access professional development in this context, nor what this development means for them. For this interpretative phenomenological analysis, we interviewed 12 piano teachers who work in Malaysia to understand the meanings of professionalism and professional development for them. Individual themes that arose from within-case analysis were conceptually combined to form eight superordinate themes. The first four superordinate themes relate to understandings of professionalism. Participants described a professional pride which involves not only a love and enjoyment of music and of teaching, but also manifests flexibility and responsiveness; it entails both teacher and student performing and understanding music, and demonstrates relationality, communication skills, and a positive character. The remaining four superordinate themes relate to understandings of professional development, including the ideas that professional development requires proactivity, that professional development opportunities are affected by environmental and material factors, that professional connections affect development, and finally that training, experience, and mentorship support professional development. In this article, we posit that the lack of formal structures in Malaysia means that professionalism is self-determined by the teacher, while professional development relies on the individual commitment and motivation of teachers. Teachers need greater access to support systems or learning opportunities, and the move to online teacher support sessions due to the COVID disruptions offers some opportunities for supporting professional development more effectively.

The Interconnections of Food and Femininity in BP Koirala’s Sumnima and Govinda Bahadur Malla’s The Window of the House Opposite

The aim of this paper is to map out the interconnections of food and femininity in Nepali fictional texts of the early twenty-first century. The gastrocritical approach helps understand the food-related behaviors in the literary texts. B.P. Koirala’s Sumnima and Govinda Bahadur Malla Gothale’s The Window of the House Opposite are considered the sources of evidences for making an associative study between gastrocriticism and feminist studies. Informed by the analytic framework such as cross-case and within-case analysis, this study uses the critical insights of Claude Levi Strauss’s “Gusteme” Mary Douglas’s “Deciphering a Meal” and Roland Barthes’s “Food as System.” The cross-case analysis and within-case analysis assert that food is a remarkable determinant of Nepali femininity, which has not been the wholesale victim of patriarchy as the daughter’s role is in an advantaged position as compared to the role of daughter-in-law and wife. This discourse between gastrocriticism and feminist studies, thus, establishes a generalization that women in the twenties of the turn of twentieth century had not received an undifferentiated treatment.

Conceptualizing the phenomenon of construction industrialization: linking theory and practice through a cross-sector case study

This study examines the intersection between Practitioner and Academic perspectives on the Construction Industrialization (CI) phenomenon. The goal was to understand the prevailing perspectives of how CI is perceived, how it is performed, and what benefits it is expected to offer. The study begins with a literature review, followed by an exploratory multiple-case study encompassing the Architecture, Engineering, Traditional Construction, and Manufactured Construction sectors. Within-case and cross-case analyses were performed, leading to 10 new insights that elaborate the theoretical understanding of the phenomenon. An important conclusion is the criticism of the interchangeable terms of Off-site Production, Modular Construction, or Prefabricated Construction as being insufficient to conceptualize CI across the four sectors. This article proposes a more comprehensive conceptualization that challenges current definitions. It distinguishes between the Constructive System and the Productive System; it redirects the CI theory toward a constant process of technical and sociocultural change; and it emphasizes the importance of societal sustainable development beyond productivity. This article represents the first attempt to conceptualize the CI phenomenon bridging the theory-practice gap. It seeks to stimulate further research and create new debates about the phenomenon.

The Efficacy of Story Champs for Improving Oral Language in Third-Grade Spanish-English Bilingual Students With Developmental Language Disorder.

We investigated the efficacy of Story Champs for improving oral language in third-grade Spanish-English bilingual children with developmental language disorder (DLD). We implemented a concurrent multiple-baseline across-participants single-case design with four bilingual Spanish-English third-grade students with DLD. Treatment was carried out over 12 sessions with approximately two sessions per week. Maintenance sessions were conducted 1, 2, and 4 weeks postintervention. Participants were explicitly taught story grammar elements, causal and temporal connections, and modifiers within story retells and personal narratives. Dependent variables were story grammar, grammatical complexity, modifiers and listening comprehension within story retells, and story grammar and grammatical complexity within personal narratives. Outcome measures were assessed at the end of every baseline, intervention, and maintenance session using the Narrative Language Measures-Listening (NLM-L). Visual analyses for outcome measures suggested slight increases in scores on the NLM-L during intervention accompanied by marked variability. Within-case analyses of story retell performance suggested an intervention effect on story grammar for two participants and on grammatical complexity and modifier use for one participant. For personal narratives, within-case analyses of personal narrative performance suggested an intervention effect on story grammar for one participant. Overall, Story Champs demonstrated efficacy for improving story grammar use in story retells for three out of four participants. It did not show efficacy for improving grammatical complexity, modifier use, or listening comprehension within story retells, nor did it show efficacy for improving story grammar and grammatical complexity within personal narratives. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26053033.

Six-Hand Piano: Its Effectiveness as A Development for Piano Learning in Music Colleges

This research was conducted as an effort to address an issue regarding the decline in motivation for learning and practicing piano in intermediate-level piano classes at a music college. This has led to a stagnation in students' practical piano skills in specific piano techniques and theoretical abilities. The researcher proposes the development of learning through six-hand piano, with repertoire material created by the researcher entitled 'Explore'. This study applies the Robert K. Yin model of the case study method, conducted in three stages: Design, Execution, and Analysis. Sample selection utilized case-based sampling, involving three students from the class. Data collection included semi-structured interviews, observational analysis, document analysis, and literature review. To ensure the validity of the interview data, this study additionally employed Focus on Group Discussions (FGD). The analysis of the data encompassed within-case analysis, drawing conclusions, and comparison against theory. The findings in this research were identified as follows: Firstly, musical knowledge. Students gained a good understanding that enhanced their skills in several piano techniques, also music structure and form in repertoire. Secondly, several character values were identified based on the formulation of the 18 pillars of national character, which were observed throughout the learning process until its completion. These values were curiosity, responsibility, cooperation, discipline, hardwork, also friendly and communicative. These character values cultivate students' motivation to learn and practice the piano, thereby fostering musical knowledge

The Political Legacies of Wartime Resistance: How Local Communities in Italy Keep Anti-fascist Sentiments Alive

Can past wartime experiences affect political behavior beyond those who lived through them? We argue that local experiences of armed resistance leave political legacies that “memory entrepreneurs” can translate into contemporary political action via a community-based process of intergenerational transmission consisting of three core activities – memorialization, localization, and mobilization. We empirically substantiate this argument in Italy, where an intense armed resistance movement against Nazi-Fascist forces took place in the 1940s. We combine statistical analysis of original data across Italian municipalities and within-case analysis of a purposively selected locality to show how the past impacts the present via the preservation and activation of collective memories. This study improves our understanding of the processes of long-term transmission, emphasizes armed resistance as a critical source of the long-term political legacies of war, and explores its political effects beyond electoral and party politics.

Transfer effects of recursive self-feedback on connected speech production in patients with chronic nonfluent aphasia: Preliminary results

ABSTRACT Background Persons with nonfluent aphasia (PWNA) have deficits with online feedback for speech error detection and correction which have debilitating effects on language relearning in learned and novel contexts. Previous studies have shown that aphasia treatments that combine PWNA’s offline self-feedback and external feedback from speech-language pathologists (SLPs) improve language production in learned and novel contexts. However, it remains unclear whether PWNA can use their offline self-feedback alone during treatments that generalizes to improvement in connected speech production. Here, we examine generalization effects of recursive self-feedback on PWNA’s connected speech production. Recursive self-feedback utilizes offline self-feedback loops alone to help PWNA optimize their error monitoring and correction abilities for language production in learned and novel contexts. Method A crossover design was used to investigate generalization effects of two treatments on connected speech production in four PWNA. These treatments comprised script production with recursive self-feedback and script production with external feedback. Employing a mobile health approach, treatments were remotely administered to participants within the comfort of their homes. Practice of both treatment blocks occurred intensively over two hours per day, five days per week, spanning two to three weeks. Each treatment block featured pretreatment and posttreatment assessment phases, with the sequencing of treatment blocks evenly counterbalanced across all participants. Following the initial treatment block, a two-week period devoid of treatment preceded the commencement of the second treatment block. Untrained narrative elicitation tasks were utilized to prompt connected speech production samples from all participants during the assessment phases of each treatment block. Effect sizes per participant were computed using within-case standard mean difference analysis. Results PWNA exhibited variability in performance, showing improvement in microlinguistic measures of connected speech following both script production with recursive self-feedback and script production with external feedback. Particularly, script production with recursive self-feedback demonstrated marginally superior enhancement in connected speech measures compared to its counterpart. Conclusion The study provides preliminary evidence for generalization effects of recursive self-feedback training and external feedback training on PWNA’s connected speech production. Further research is required to corroborate the findings and to implement recursive self-feedback procedures optimized specifically for spontaneous speech.

남성 독거노인의 죽음 불안과 수용에 관한 웰다잉 집단미술치료 질적 사례연구

In the second half of life, as people get older, they are more frequently exposed to the death of acquaintances, and some of the older adults have very intensive anxiety about death. In particular, the anxiety tends to be severe in older men who are living alone in poor health and in poverty. Accordingly, this study was conducted in the context of examining the specific background of the death anxiety among older men living alone and helping them to accept their death as a natural phenomenon. The participants in this study were four older men who were members of a senior welfare center located in Seoul, and all of them had lived alone for at least 20 years. A group art therapy program based on acceptance and commitment therapy was conducted on them once a week for 10 weeks. The researcher attempted to have interaction verbally with them related to life or death while helping and/or intervening in their work activities in each session, and had in-depth interviews with each of them after the program ended twice. Through within-case and cross-case analyses of the verbal interaction and in-depth interviews conducted in each session, sub-themes and themes corresponding to two categories of death anxiety and acceptance were derived. As a result, 29 sub-themes were derived from the within-case analyses of the death anxiety category, and they were integrated into 5 themes through cross-case comparisons. The five themes were ‘death recognized in childhood’, ‘death to come soon’, ‘despair and fear of death’, ‘sleepless nights due to death anxiety’, and ‘wishing for a painless death’. Meanwhile, for the category of death acceptance, 22 sub-themes were derived from within-case analyses and integrated them into 4 themes through the cross-case comparisons. The four themes were ‘a new life in the face of death’, ‘a peaceful zone in the storm of death’, ‘composure toward death’, and ‘a valuable gift gained from the program’. In addition, older men living alone not only reduced their anxiety about death but also developed an attitude of naturally accepting death as a part of life while participating in the program of this study. Although the findings of this study were derived from a program conducted on a small group, they are significant in terms of their effectiveness in preventing suicide. In other words, it can be said that the well-dying art therapy program would lower the risk of suicide by providing opportunities for communicating about life and death to vulnerable older people who are at high risk of suicide due to illness or poverty.

‘LOOBAN’: A MULTIPLE-CASE STUDY ON DELINQUENCY OF TEENAGERS SHAPED BY DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILIES

Young people engage in delinquent behavior. It covers crimes against persons, crimes against things, crimes against public order, and drug offenses. Delinquent behavior is, therefore, an unmanageable activity that affects the community. This research presents the different experiences of three delinquent teenagers whose dysfunctional families shaped them in a community called “Sitio Looban” in the Philippines. This study utilized a qualitative multiple-case study to understand and describe the different stories of each participant-case. The study sought to answer the research questions about the family factors that contribute to the delinquency of teenagers, their delinquent experiences, and their feelings and thoughts as delinquent teenagers. The researchers used an in-depth interview to gather the necessary data from the informants. Within-case and cross-case analysis were used to analyze the data, wherein emerging themes were created to describe the family factors that contributed to the delinquency of the teenagers, which include broken family, poor parenting, home discord vis-à-vis peer influence, child neglect, poor family, and family binge drinking. Emerging themes were also created to discuss the delinquent experiences of teenagers, which involve theft, using counterfeit money, and gambling cheating. There were also emerging themes created to describe the feelings and thoughts of the delinquent teenagers, which include: unconditional love and support, happiness towards friendship, regrets, fear, embarrassment, and hatred and anger. This study supports the Strain Theory and Social Control Theory, which explain that negative relationships with family lead to delinquent behaviors in teenagers. Implications for practice and future researchers are provided in this paper.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0737/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

New Insights Into Predictors of Antihypertensive Adherence

Abstract: Background: Low adherence to treatment is the most common cause of uncontrolled hypertension. Evidence suggests that illness perceptions and the physician-patient relationship may have a combined effect on treatment adherence. Aims: We investigated the roles of illness perceptions and the physician-patient relationship in medication and lifestyle modification adherence, and explained them using patients’ experiences with essential hypertension.Method: In this mixed methods explanatory sequential study, we used questionnaires to assess illness perceptions, the physician-patient relationship, and adherence to medication and lifestyle modification guidance ( N = 112) in the first quantitative phase. Based on the results of regression analyses, the second qualitative phase was planned. We collected data from three patients through interviews, observations and journals, and conducted within-case and cross-case analyses. Finally, we integrated quantitative and qualitative findings. Results: The physician-patient relationship was an independent predictor of medication adherence (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29 to 5.89), whereas both illness perceptions (95% CI: −0.32 to −0.04) and the physician-patient relationship (95% CI: 1.05 to 9.48) were independent predictors of adherence to lifestyle modification guidance. Qualitative themes, reflecting the patient’s experience of the concepts explored in this study, explained the quantitative results. Mixing methods revealed high consistency between quantitative and qualitative findings. Limitations: Limitations are the inability to infer causal associations among variables and indirect measurement of medication adherence. Conclusion: Shared decision-making on antihypertensive medications promotes medication adherence. Specifically, the illness perception, perceived illness controllability, and non-judgemental patients’ acceptance within a satisfying physician-patient relationship empower patients to adhere to lifestyle modification guidance.

Developing a Collaborative Approach to Support Access and Acceptability of Mental Health Care for Refugee Youth: An Exploratory Case Study with Young Afghan Refugees.

Despite an increased prevalence of psychiatric morbidity, minor refugees resettled in Western host societies are less likely to access mental health care services than their native peers. This study aims to explore how a collaborative approach can be implemented to promote access to specialized mental health care. Collaborative mental health care embeds specialized intervention in primary care settings and emphasizes the inclusion of minority cultural perspectives through an interdisciplinary, intersectoral network. In this study, we analyze how such a collaborative approach can support access to specialized mental health care for refugee youth. The study presents findings from a qualitative multiple-case study (n = 10 refugee patients), conducted in the setting of a psychiatric day program for young refugees that develops an intersectional, collaborative practice in supporting minor refugees' trajectory from referral to admission. Building on in-depth interviews, participant observation and case documents, within-case analysis and cross-case inductive thematic analysis identify the specific working mechanisms of a collaborative approach. The results indicate how this intersectoral approach addresses the interplay between traumatic suffering and both cultural and structural determinants of mental health. To conclude, a discussion identifies future research directions that may further strengthen the role of collaborative practice in promoting mental health care access for refugee youth.

Revisiting operations agility and formalizing digitalization in response to varying levels of uncertainty and customization

This paper aims to find how digitalization supports inter-organizational purchasing/order fulfillment processes and the required agility to respond to supply/demand uncertainties. The research method includes multiple case studies. Qualitative data are collected via interviews and documentation review. Within-case and cross-case analyses of the research lead to 14 propositions and a novel framework, which formalize and link agility and digitalization at different levels. The research findings point out the agility in micro and macro types for the demand and supply sides of the business, responding to different levels of uncertainties. The findings categorize the relevant applications of digitalization at three levels: data interchange, data integration, and predictive data analytics. Moreover, the agility-digitalization relationships are defined for different levels of customization, represented by customer order decoupling points. This paper contributes to the literature by offering an in-depth and explicit understanding of the impacts of digitalization on different types of agility for different levels of customization.

ACTION OF CHINESE COURTS WITH THE ANTI-TORTURE LEGAL OBLIGATION UNDER THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE: A SOCIO-LEGAL NARRATIVE CRITIQUE ANALYSIS OF APPLICATION OF LAW AND LEGAL REASONING

Background: The most of critique is based mainly on the previous literature, namely, that Chinese dynamic institutional structures’ silence may have exacerbated the miscarriage of justice and obtain illegal evidence in criminal proceedings in China. However, the fact that torture to extract confessions and maltreatment of prisoner’s cases involve judicial decision-making by Chinese hierarchical courts has been disregarded. Objective: Taking China's outward telling and internal judicial reforms as starting positions, the article focuses on address the knowledge gap that torture to extract confessions and maltreatment of prisoner’s cases involving the application of law and legal reasoning regarding how Chinese domestic courts' actions is related to the interpretation of torture and domestic compliance with international conventions. The causes of action include torture to extract confessions, maltreatment of prisoners in criminal scenarios, and cases of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment involving detention in police custody (garde a vue) and outside custodial settings. The article also examines how Chinese hierarchical courts have implemented their judicial practice in accordance with international obligations to prohibit and prevent torture under United Nations Convention against Torture. Methods: Process tracing is a qualitative research method that examines causal processes connecting results to potential causes form socio-legal perspectives, focusing on varying time stages. It is essential for within-case analysis based on qualitative data. Implication: This article highlights the intricate relationship between the definition of torture in law in context in UNCAT and treaty compliance by China domestic court, addressing flaws in previous court decisions and responding to those points of view to gain a more in-depth understanding of the dynamics underlying cases of confessions extracted under torture, ill-treatment in prisons and outside custodial settings (garde a vue) in China's criminal judicial system.

Management learning in public healthcare during pandemics

PurposeThis study aims to explore the management learning during a long-term crisis like a pandemic. The paper addresses both what health-care managers have learnt during the COVID-19 pandemic and how the management learning is characterized.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a qualitative case study carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic at two different public hospitals in Sweden. The study, conducted with semi-structured interviews, applies a combination of within-case analysis and cross-case comparison. The data were analyzed using thematic deductive analysis with the themes, i.e. sensemaking, decision-making and meaning-making.FindingsThe COVID-19 pandemic was characterized by uncertainty and a need for continuous learning among the managers at the case hospitals. The learning process that arose was circular in nature, wherein trust played a crucial role in facilitating the flow of information and enabling the managers to get a good sense of the situation. This, in turn, allowed the managers to make decisions meaningful for the organization, which improved the trust for the managers. This circular process was iterated with higher frequency than usual and was a prerequisite for the managers’ learning. The practical implications are that a combined management with hierarchical and distributed management that uses the normal decision routes seems to be the most successful management method in a prolonged crisis as a pandemic.Practical implicationsThe gained knowledge can benefit hospital organizations, be used in crisis education and to develop regional contingency plans for pandemics.Originality/valueThis study has explored learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and found a circular process, “the management learning wheel,” which supports management learning in prolonged crises.

Microfinance practices versus sustainable welfare

This study primarily investigates microfinance practices for sustainable community welfare. Microcredit aims to provide credit to poor people to help empower communities and reduce poverty. Community empowerment strategies can be carried out by increasing the productivity of poor communities to increase their income. A basic approach that emphasizes that the poor move from their current situation to a better position by empowering MSMEs through the distribution of microcredit by micro-financial institutions. Changes that will result in sustainable prosperity, decreasing inequality between regions, and reducing community income gaps. This research will use a qualitative approach using the case study method, which does not use statistical generalizations but uses logical and replicative generalizations. This research uses multiple cases with varying characteristics as research informants. Two microfinance institutions and ten cases of MSMEs will be selected in this research. The study was conducted at Sharia Microfinance Institutions as providers of microcredit and MSMEs receiving microcredit in the Southern region of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Bantul. This district was chosen because Bantul has the highest poverty rate. This condition is the focus of attention for maximum treatment. This research will use three data collection methods: interview, observation, and documentation, to maintain the data's validity and reliability. Data triangulation was used to test the validity of the data. The data analysis process in this research uses two stages: descriptive analysis and within-case analysis. The research results found that microfinance practices carried out through Sharia Microfinance Institutions (SMFI), apart from focusing on providing accessible financing facilities, have also provided direction in developing MSMEs and taking action towards community welfare. SMFI regularly provides business development training to MSMEs

Collective entrepreneurship and sustainable innovation: case Studies of regional Australian agribusinesses

Sustainability is vital for food and agriculture businesses due to challenges like food security, climate change, and market volatility. As many small firms are resource-poor, engaging in collective entrepreneurship is a way to develop sustainable innovations, however, this remains under-researched. Using a qualitative case study design of three cases of collaborative innovation by six firms in the agricultural sector, we gain insight into why and how these firms engage in collective entrepreneurship, elaborating on the process model of collaboration for sustainable innovations by Brown et al. We selected a Queensland region in Australia, with diverse food and agribusinesses and drawing on multiple data sources. We proceeded to conduct within-case and cross-case analysis using Brown et al.’s model as a coding framework. Our research shows how small agribusinesses use collective entrepreneurship to develop sustainable innovations by focusing on economic, social and environmental value creation and appropriation utilizing collective resources. In terms of collective entrepreneurship, key themes included selecting the right partners for collaborative ‘value’ fit, governance approaches, and relational mechanisms for launching and implementing sustainable innovations. Our research highlights how agribusinesses can embrace collective entrepreneurship, supported by regional industry networks, to bring sustainable innovations to market.

Exploring potential political corruption in large-scale infrastructure projects in Nigeria

Political corruption is especially relevant for large-scale projects because of their popularity among politicians and citizens alike, as well as their inherent qualities. The goal of this study is to find out about the causes, methods, occurrences, and effects of political corruption in large-scale infrastructure projects in Nigeria. The investigation uses a case analysis of Lagos-Ibadan Highway and was divided into two stages: the 1999–2009 political era and the 2010–2019 political era. The information was gathered through document and report analysis. The symptomatic investigation of the political corruption of the Lagos-Ibadan Highway was guided by a conceptual model based on symptoms. Within-case and cross-case comparative theme analysis were performed on the dataset. The investigation indicated how the occurrence of patronage, influence peddling, embezzlement, and biased law enforcement can explain political corruption in the highway project. The investigation resulted in a better understanding of the reasons for the project's failure and abandonment. The knowledge can be used to prevent political corruption in public projects and to lay the groundwork for long-term infrastructure development. This study was limited because it was unable to provide unambiguous evidence to prove that political corruption occurred in the case study.

Speech-Language Pathologists' Approach to Alternative Access for Augmentative and Alternative Communication for Children With Motor Impairments.

This study examined the processes that speech-language pathologists (SLPs) use during an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) assessment with children with motor impairments to determine alternative access solutions. These children often are the most vulnerable to a poor fit of their AAC system, which alternative access is an integral part. Although there is an abundance of information as to what types of considerations should be made during these assessments, there is no guidance as to how the assessment is completed. The goal of this study is to build evidence about the process. A collective case design was used to gain detailed insights into the decision-making process. Interviews and vignette responses were two components of the data collection. Each of the five SLPs, or cases, who participated in the study transcripts was analyzed in isolation as part of a within-case analysis. Once each SLP's process was understood, a cross-case comparison was completed to ascertain similarities or differences across the five. The cross-case assertions are presented in this article. Although the SLPs individually reported a lack of defined process, a clear systemization became evident when considered collectively. The SLPs all focused on the child, isolated motor access skills, and used a process of experimentation over time to build their final recommendations. These results have implications for SLPs working with children with motor impairments who may benefit from AAC intervention. The shared framework can serve as a roadmap to other SLPs, especially those with less experience with these types of complex cases. The varying teaming approaches to support these cases are also discussed.