Wistar Strain Rats Research Articles

Efek Pemberian Asam Alfa Lipoat pada Histopatologi Aorta Torakalis Tikus Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

Atherosclerosis is arterial wall’s disease initiated by lipid retention, oxidation, and modification, provoking chronic inflmmation ultimately causing stenosis and thrombosis. This study investigated the effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on thoracic aorta type 2 diabetic rat. Fifteen adult male rat of Rattus novergicus Wistar strain were separated into three groups (n=5), there were labelled as control, type 2 diabetes (DM), and DM + ALA. Type 2 diabetic rats were induced by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg bodyweight) and nicotinamide (110 mg/kg bodyweight) and categorized as diabetic rat if blood glucose level >250 mg/dl. Alpha lipoic acid was administered via intraperitoneal (60 mg/kg/day) and conducted for 3 weeks. The measured parameter was atherosclerosis lesion score. Results showed that there was no significant difference in atherosclerosis lesion scores between all groups designed (p=0,071). It can be concluded that ALA did not have a significant effect on atherosclerosis lesion of thoracic aorta type 2 diabetic rat.

Nutritional Potentiality of Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>) <i>Tôh</i> Enriched with Flour of Shea Caterpillar (<i>Cirina butyrospermie</i>)

In Cote d’Ivoire, malnutrition is still a public health problem. To remedy this, international institutions involved in this fight recommend the promotion of local resources rich in proteins such as insects and caterpillars. Thus, this study aims to enhance the enrichment of sorghum toh with shea caterpillar flour (Cirina butyrospermie) in order to solve the problems of malnutrition. To do so, 25 young rats of Wistar strain, aged to 50±05 days with an average weight between 45 and 55±5 g were divided into 5 batches were fed respectively with toh formulated with 5%, 10% and 15% of shea caterpillar flour during 15 days. At the end of this period, the nutritional parameters were calculated and biometric study was conducted to evaluate the impact of enriched food on well-being of young rats. The results obtained reveal interesting nutritional potentialities in most parameters. For example, the weight gains obtained varied from 4.86±0.45 g/d to 6.05±0.39 g/d in to rats fed with different formulations of toh enriched with shea caterpillar flour and the diet STScF2 did not show any significant difference with control diet. In terms of biological value, values obtained vary from 84.12% to 90.64% while those of protein retention vary from 11.66±1.85 g to 12.99±0.89 g respectively for young rat fed with diets STScF3 and STScF1. Concerning biometric study, no abnormality was noted following the consumption of these foods. In view of the nutritional potential developed by young rats, the toh enriched with 10% shea caterpillar four, could be retained to solve malnutrition problems.

Combined effect of metformin and gallic acid on inflammation, antioxidant status, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and glucose metabolism in fructose-fed streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Over time, diabetes patients usually need combination therapy involving two or more agents, including phytonutrients to attain therapeutic targets. The purpose of this research is to elucidate the combined effect of metformin and gallic acid (GA) on glucose metabolism, inflammation as well as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses in fructose-fed diabetic rats. Thirty-five rats of Wistar strain were arbitrarily distributed into five groups, each containing seven animals as follows: normal control, diabetic control, groups administered 100 mg/kg bw metformin only, 50 mg/kg bw gallic acid only and a combination of both. Experimental animals were made diabetic by single injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (intraperitoneally) subsequent to 14 days administration of 10 % fructose prior. Treatment of rats continued for 21 days following diabetes confirmation. Glucose and insulin levels as well as lipid profile were evaluated in the serum, while activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were estimated in both liver and pancreas. In addition, levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as expression of activating transcription factor-4 were evaluated in liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. Activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and glucokinase were also determined in liver of diabetic animals. Metformin only, GA only and combination of metformin and GA significantly improved antioxidant status and glucose homeostasis while inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress were significantly ameliorated in diabetic rats. Metformin/GA combination appeared to improve glucose metabolism by increasing insulin level and ameliorating the dysregulated activities of glucose metabolizing enzymes and ER stress better than either metformin only or GA only. It could be concluded that coadministration of metformin/GA produced a combined effect in ameliorating diabetes in Wistar rats and could be considered in treatment of diabetes.

Evaluation of Prophylactic Diacerein Treatment on Anti-Arthritic Activity in Freund’s Complete Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rat Model

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is commonly prevalent disorder seen in Indian population. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) are used as primary drugs for its symptomatic treatment. However, its use is limited by its long-term adverse effects. Many clinical studies have shown that diacerein reduces clinical symptoms of OA. Aim: To evaluate whether diacerein has beneficial anti-arthritic property when used prophylactically in Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (FCA) induced arthritis in rats. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was conducted over a period of about two months in the Department of Pharmacology, SCBMC, Cuttack. Thirty albino rats of Wistar strain was divided into 5 groups with 6 animals in each group. The basal body weight and the hind paw volumes of both right and left paw of all the animals was noted in day 0 and then on 4th, 8th, 14th and 21st day. Arthritis was induced in all animals by injecting FCA on day 0 into the plantar surface of right hind paw. Normal saline, diclofenac 5 mg/kg, three doses of diacerein (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg), was administered orally once daily to groups I, II, III, IV and V respectively. Paw volumes and body weight was measured for arthritic parameters. On day 22 radiological and histopathologic evaluation was done. Results: Maximum inhibition of Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritic paw volume was on the 21st day with 100 mg/kg of diacerein and with diclofenac 5 mg/kg was from 8th to 14th day. There was a decrease in body weight due to freund’s adjuvant in normal saline group from 4th to 21st day, still greater decline with diclofenac 5 mg/kg group, but in diacerein treated group there was an increase in body weight from 4th to 21st day in all the three doses. Radiologically and histopathology maximum benefit was noted with 100 mg/kg of diacerein. Conclusion: Three weeks treatment of oral diacerein can significantly inhibit arthritic swelling of the injected paw at all the 3 doses in adjuvant induced arthritis model in rats and can be a promising disease modifying drug for OA.

Administration of curcumin affects the anxiety behavior in Wistar rats after formaldehyde injected

The curcumin is part of the curcuminoids family. Present in the spice turmeric is a vegetable alkaloid obtained from Curcuma longa. Many studies have been carried out to describe the multiple biological actions of curcumin. The positive antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects of curcumin are most likely due to its ability to normalize specific physiological mechanisms, in addition to being a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Curcumin also protects the brain and simultaneously acts on several mechanisms related to depression. It is considered to be the most promising therapeutic target for treating depressive behaviors. Through this work, we will prove the protective effect of curcumin on the anxious behavior of Wistar rats and the complications induced by the administration of a toxic product that is formaldehyde. To this fact, 25 white rats of Wistar strains (250±50 g) were separated into five experimental batches: control batch (T; n = 5), vehicle control batch (CV; n = 5), Curcumin control batch (CC; n = 5), one batch formaldehyde vehicle (FV; n = 5) and one batch formaldehyde Curcumin (FC; n = 5). A single intraperitoneal injection carried out the formaldehyde administration diluted in distilled water at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Turmeric dissolved in olive oil was administered by gastric gavage at a dose of (60 mg/kg). Our results show the therapeutic benefits of curcumin against the deficits caused by formaldehyde reflected in a disturbance in rat behavior and degree of anxiety using the open-field test and the light and dark box test.

Antidiabetic Activity of Physalis angulata in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Physalis angulata have been extensively used for the management of diabetes in folklore medicine, in Nigeria.
 Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of Physalis angulata and its potential mechanisms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
 Study Duration: The period of the study was done on 30th September, 2018 at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, university of Jos, Nigeria.
 Methodology: Albino rats of Wistar strain weighing between 200g to 250g were induced with single freshly prepared streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body weight). Diabetes was confirmed after forty eight hours in streptozotocin -induced rats showing fasting blood glucose levels > 10 mmol/l. The rats were randomly divided into four (4) experimental groups (n = 4). A (Control diabetic group fed with normal feed), Group B (Normal control fed with normal feed), Group Group C (Diabetic rats treated with 400 mg/Kg body weight extract of Physalis angulata and Group D, (Diabetic rats are treated with 400 mg/Kg body weight of glibenclamide). After 8 days the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological analysis. Changes in the animal body weights were also measured within the period.
 Results: From the results, it was observed that treatment of rats with extract of Physalis angulata elevates the reduction of body weight, and caused an increase in the body weight of the treated rats. In the same order, serum glucose significantly decreased (p<0.05) after the 8-day treatment compared to diabetic control. The extent of reversal of hyperglycemia in the physalis angulata extract treated animals compared well with the glibenclamide treated group. The results, therefore, showed that Physalis angulata extract has a significant (p<0.05) hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats and the histopathological results of treated groups showed the regenerative/protective effect on

Morphology and DNA fragmentation spermatozoa in animal models with sleep deprivation-induced stress

Background: A stress, sleep deprivation, can cause imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage DNA, lipids and proteins of spermatozoa, consequently leading to infertility.Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate differences of morphology and DNA fragmentation with some models of sleep deprivation in spermatozoa of white male Wistar rat strain (Rattus novergicus).Methods: This study was an experimental study with post-test-only with control group design. There were 30 male Wistar rats which were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) group, total sleep deprivation (TSD) group, sleep recovery (SR) group, PSD group + SR group, and TSD group + SR group. Stress induction was conducted for 5 days. Morphological abnormality of spermatozoa was observed by creating sperm removal tinged by eosin and nigrosine. DNA fragmentation was performed by determining DNA fragmentation index (DFI). Morphological data of spermatozoa were analysed by One-Way Annova and Post-Hoc Turkey test, and DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa was analysed by Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney test to determine differences among the groups.Results: The highest mean of the abnormal morphology was in PSD Group (89.5 %, p=0.004). The normal mean of DNA fragmentation was found in control group, PSD+SR group and TSD+SR group, PSD and TSD groups. Bad DNA fragmentation index was found in PSD and TSD groups (30.16% and 31.4%, p=0.023).Conclusion: There were differences of morphology and DNA fragmentation of the spermatozoa in the male Wistar rat strain induced by various models of sleep deprivation.

Effects of anti-nutritional factors on the nutritional potential of three varieties of lablab bean (Lablab purpureus ) in rats

Twenty five Wistar strain rats weighing between 68 to 80g were allotted to five dietary groups. Group I received standard protein diet which served as control, group II received a protein-free diet, which served as a negative control, while rats on III, IV and V were given rawRongai Brown (RB), rawRongaiWhite (RW) and rawHighworthBlack (HB) based diets as the main sources of protein, respectively. The rats were fed 10g experimental diets per day for seven days. a 3-day adaptation period, faecal samples were collected quantitatively for four days, bulked for each rat, weighed, oven-dried at 105 C for 24 hr, milled and stored for analyses. All the rats fed the three varieties of raw lablab beans had significant decrease (p

PENGARUH KRIM EKSTRAK JINTAN HITAM (Nigella sativa) TERHADAP KADAR KOLAGEN DAN HIDRASI KULIT PADA TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus) GALUR WISTAR JANTAN YANG DIPAPAR SINAR ULTRAVIOLET-B

Photoaging is caused by exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet radiation (UV-B) through the reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules formation, resulting in decreased levels of collagen. It is characterized by wrinkles, sagging and rough surfaces. Black cumin has been used in medicine due to its high antioxidant potential. The aim of this study is to identify the effect of black cumin cream on collagen levels and hydration of the skin of Rattus norvegicus exposed to ultraviolet-B rays. This is experimental study in which 30 male Wistar strain rats were classified into 6 sub-groups, namely the KN group (without treatment), KP (getting Nivea cream moisturizer), P1 (basic cream ), P2 (black cumin seed extract cream 0.25%), P3 (cream 0.5%) and P4 (cream 0.75%). P4 rat collagen levels increased significantly before and after the intervention (24 ± 2.23 vs 42.6 ± 14.6, p <0.05).Cream with lower concentrations did not provide a significant increase (p> 0.05). P4 rats also showed increased skin hydration (38.6 ± 19.3 to 63.0 ± 4.47 (p <0.05)), and this was not found in other groups. The administration of topical black cumin seed extract 0.75% can inhibit decreased levels of collagen and increase skin tissue hydration.

Evaluation of Antigenicity of Components of Tracheal Allotransplant and Effect of Immunosuppressant Regime in a Rodent Model.

Background Tracheal transplantation seems to be the logical step in the process of reconstruction of the trachea following a long-segment resection, which is usually done to treat malignant disease or benign stenosis of the airway caused by a traumatic, congenital, inflammatory, or iatrogenic lesion. Immunosuppression following transplant is essential but not ideal after oncoresection. Methods The tracheal allografts, harvested from Sprague Dawley rats, were implanted in the Wistar strain rat. The harvested tracheal grafts were divided into groups and subgroups, based on the layers of trachea, method of decellularization, and immunosuppression. The antigenicity of different layers of trachea and the effect of various decellularization methods were studied within three time frames, that is, day 3, 9, and 15. Result On structural analysis, the day 3 and day 15 samples showed no meaningful comparison could be made, due to extensive neutrophil infiltration in all three layers. The day 9 tracheal grafts showed loss of epithelium, with no signs of regeneration in most of the allografts. The subepithelial lymphoid infiltration was found to be severe in nonimmunosuppressed allografts. The group in which both inner and outer layers were removed showed moderate-to-severe infiltrate of lymphoid cells in all the allografts, but there was no cartilage loss, irrespective of the method of decellularization. The irradiated specimens retained the cartilage but showed extensive ischemic damage. Conclusion Rat trachea is a good model for tracheal transplant research but not adequately sturdy to sustain mechanical debridement. Irradiation and chemical decellularization eliminates the immune response but causes intense ischemic damage. Out of the three time frames, day 9 seemed to be the best to study the immune response. To substantiate the results obtained in this study, the immunohistochemical study of the allografts is needed to be performed among a larger group of animals.

Effect of Ethanol Extract of Mangosteen Peel on Serum Malondialdehyde and Leukotriene B4 Levels in Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar Strain Exposed with Electric Cigarette Smoke

This study aimed to analyze the administration of mangosteen peel ethanol extract at different doses can reduce levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) serum in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strains exposed to electric cigarette smoke. Electric cigarette induces mitochondrial ROS production and triggers oxidative stress. Antioxidants are needed by the body if there are many free radicals, for example mangosteen peel. This laboratory experimental study uses a randomized post-test only control group design. Thirty male white rats were divided into 5 groups randomly (KK, KR, P1, P2, P3). KK given 0.5% Na-CMC, KR given smoke and 0.5% Na-CMC, P1, P2, P3 given smoke and mangosteen peel ethanol extract 100, 200, 300 mg/kg weight. Data were tested for normality and homogeneity tests. Data distribution was found not normal. Data were tested by Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney. Kruskal-Wallis Test results showed significant differences in MDA and LTB4 levels in each experimental group (KS, KR, P1, P2 and P3), p <0.05. Mann-Whitney test results showed a significant difference in the MDA levels of the KR against P3 and in the LTB4 level of the KR against P2 (p <0.05). The conclusion of the study was the administration of mangosteen peel ethanol extract can reduce MDA and LTB4 levels serum in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strains exposed to electric cigarette smoke.

PENGARUH SEDIAAN DEKOK DAUN ZAITUN (Olea europaea L.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA TIKUS PUTIH GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus strain wistar) JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI NATRIUM KLORIDA 5,5%

According toWHOhypertension about 26.4% of world population who have suffered hypertension. It wouldprobably increase up to 29.2% in 2025. Usually,hypertension medical care uses convensional medicine, however itpossessessome side effects and could causecomplication.For that reason, herbal medicine is needed for safer andmore effective purpose. One of herbal medicines is olive leaf (Olea europea L).It aimed to figure out effect of oliveleaf extract (Olea europaea L.) on declining blood pressurein whitemale rat wistar strain (Rattus novergicus strainwistar) after 5.5% Natrium Chloride (NaCl) induction.24 of rats were divided into 4 groups of treatments and 5.5%NaCl inductions. Group I, as a control withaquadest treatment, Group II was inducted with 540 mgs of olive leafextract, Group III was inducted with 1080mgs of olive leaf extract, and Group IV was inducted with 2160 mgs ofolive leaf extract. Data were Analyzed byOne way ANOVA then followed with Post-hoc test using LeastSignificant Differences (LSD) test. From the group I, the mean of pretest was 117.83/150.83mmHg and the meanof post test was117.83/141.67 mmHg. Group II, the mean of pretest was 123.67/156,00 mmHg and the mean of posttest was87.00/116,00 mmHg. Group III, the mean of pretest was 123.50/156.83 mmHg and the mean of post testwasand the mean of post test was 81.67/112,50 mmHg. Group IV the mean of pretest was 119.00/156.50 mmHgandthe mean of post test was 80.00/105.00 mmHg.There were effects of olive leaf extract (Olea europaea L.) in 540mgs, 1080 mgs and 2160 mgs toblood pressure declining in white male rat wistar strain (Rattus novergicus strainwistar) after 5.5% NatriumChloride (NaCl) induction. The higest blood pressure declining was in Group IV of 2160mg olive leaf extractinduction.

The Effect of Olive Oil (Extra Virgine Olive Oil) and Moderate-Intensity Exercise On The Level of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in Male Wistar Strain Rat (Rattus novergicus L) Which Was Given High Fatty Diet

Background: Dyslipidemia is a condition where there is an abnormal lipid profile in the blood. Modern patterns and lifestyles such as consuming fast food cause excessive fat consumption which can increase the possibility of contracting blood vessel and heart disease. High levels of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol can protect the body against heart disease and stroke, but not many drugs can increase HDL cholesterol levels. Olive oil is an oil that contains 77% Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acid (MUFA) which can reduce LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol. Objective: To determine the effect of olive oil (Extra Virgine Olive Oil-EVOO) and moderate intensity exercise on high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in male Wistar strain (Rattus novergicus L) rats fed a high-fat diet. Method: a true experimental research design with a pretest and posttest design with a control group (Pretest and Posttest with Control Group) with simple randomization. Results: There was an increase in HDL levels in the control group (42.50 to 44.50 mg / dl), the olive oil treatment group was (50.83 to 53.33) mg / dL, the moderate intensity exercise treatment group (46.67 to 52 , 00 mg / dl), and the moderate-intensity exercise and olive oil treatment groups (47.50 to 58.67 mg / dl). Conclusion: Extra Virgine Olive Oil, moderate intensity exercise, and Extra Virgine Olive Oil with moderate intensity exercise influence the increase of HDL levels in the blood of male Wistar strain rats fed a high-fatty diet.

The Effect of Olive Oil (Extra Virgine Olive Oil) and Moderate-Intensity Exercise On The Level of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in Male Wistar Strain Rat (Rattus novergicus L) Which Was Given High Fatty Diet

Background: Dyslipidemia is a condition where there is an abnormal lipid profile in the blood. Modern patterns and lifestyles such as consuming fast food cause excessive fat consumption which can increase the possibility of contracting blood vessel and heart disease. High levels of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol can protect the body against heart disease and stroke, but not many drugs can increase HDL cholesterol levels. Olive oil is an oil that contains 77% Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acid (MUFA) which can reduce LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol. Objective: To determine the effect of olive oil (Extra Virgine Olive Oil-EVOO) and moderate intensity exercise on high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in male Wistar strain (Rattus novergicus L) rats fed a high-fat diet. Method: a true experimental research design with a pretest and posttest design with a control group (Pretest and Posttest with Control Group) with simple randomization. Results: There was an increase in HDL levels in the control group (42.50 to 44.50 mg / dl), the olive oil treatment group was (50.83 to 53.33) mg / dL, the moderate intensity exercise treatment group (46.67 to 52 , 00 mg / dl), and the moderate-intensity exercise and olive oil treatment groups (47.50 to 58.67 mg / dl). Conclusion: Extra Virgine Olive Oil, moderate intensity exercise, and Extra Virgine Olive Oil with moderate intensity exercise influence the increase of HDL levels in the blood of male Wistar strain rats fed a high-fatty diet.

Expression of a fibronectin in the dental pulp of lead intoxicated rats with experimentally induced diabetes mellitus

Introduction/Objective. Lead exposure represents one of the most important factors that affect the general health, including oral health and it is associated with enamel and dentin tooth defects. The aim of this paper was to determine expression of the fibronectin in the pulp of rats with experimentally induced diabetes mellitus (DM), after lead exposure, by using immunohistochemical analysis. Methods. The study was conducted on 42 rats of Wistar strain. Intoxication of rats with lead-acetate was done via drinking water ad libitum. The first group (Exp_14) consisted of 16 rats, which received lead in water for 14 days, the second group (Exp_30) consisted of 16 rats which received lead in water for 30 days at the same concentration (1500 ppm), while the control consisted of 10 healthy rats. Groups Exp_14 and Exp_30 were induced into DM, by using the Alloxan intraperitoneally. Pathohistological and immunohistochemical analysis determined fibronectin expression in pulp, odontoblasts, predentin and dentine of the teeth. Results. High diffuse positivity of fibronectin in group Exp_14 was noticed in 63.6% of rats, in group Exp_30 in 24% of rats, while in the control group it was noticed in 50% of rats. There was no statistically significant difference in the expression of fibronectin between the examined groups. Conclusion. Lead intoxication through drinking water, for a period of 14 and 30 days, had effect on the expression of fibronectin in the pulp, odontoblasts, predentin and dentin of the teeth of animals experimentally induced DM.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CORIANDER (Coriandrum sativum L.) EXTRACTS ON REDUCING THE BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS OF ALLOXAN INDUCED WISTAR MALE RATS (Rattus norvegicus L.)

AbstractBackground : Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic syndrome in the whole world with an incidence of 1-8%. This disease arises when insufficient insulin is produced or insulin cannot function properly.The ability of coriander juice water extract is expected to reduce blood glucose levels because the action is similar to insulin and can stimulate insulin release. Purpose : Knowing effectiveness coriander extract (Coriandrum sativum L.)to decline blood sugar levels in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) wistar strain induced by alloxan. Method : This is a pure experimental study (true-experiment) using a pre and post test design with control group design using subjects namely white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) male Wistar strain aged 10-12 weeks with a weight of 150-200 grams. By looking at changes in blood sugar levels during administration of alloxan and administration of coriander extract. Results : There were significant changes in some groups induced alloxan (p <0.05), but the effect of coriander extract was not very significant (p> 0.05). Conclusion : Coriander extract can control blood sugar levels to be stable or normal, but it takes longer and more research. Keywords : coriander extract, blood sugar levels, alloxan

Effect of Bay Leaf Extract (Syzygium polyanthum) on Blood Sugar Regulation via GLUT4 Protein Regulation in White Rat Muscle Tissue Induced Aloxan

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that disturbs the body's bloodsugar regulation. Bay leaves contain entirely various secondary metabolites,where this plant is rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes and glycosides. Thisstudy aims to assess the effect of bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) onblood sugar levels and the expression of GLUT4 protein in muscle tissue. A totalof 30 white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain obtained from the EurekaResearch Laboratory (Palembang, Indonesia) weighing between 200 - 250 grams.Bay leaf simplicia was obtained from the Tawangmangu Herbal Research Center,Karanganyar, Indonesia. After 1 week of adaptation, the mice were randomlydivided into the following six groups, each containing 5 animals: Normal controlgroup, diabetes group (negative control), diabetes + metformin group (Met; 45mg / kg), Diabetes + BLE (75 mg/kg), diabetes + BLE group (150 mg / kg) anddiabetes + BLE group (300 mg/kg). Alloxan-induced white rats showed a verysignificant increase in blood sugar levels, where the use of the drug metforminwas able to reduce blood sugar levels significantly even though they had notreached the target blood glucose target of less than 200 mg / dL. The treatmentwith bay leaf extract was able to reduce blood sugar levels significantly. Theadministration of metformin drugs or bay leaf extract showed the ability toincrease the level of GLUT4 protein. In conclusion, bay leaf extract affectsreducing blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus white rats by increasing glucoseintake to cells and tissues.

Acute Toxicity Ethanol Extract of Bidara Leaves (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) Against Liver and Kidney Function of White Rats

Bidara plants have the efficacy as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial, anti-fungal and prevents tumours. Bidara is efficacious to protecthuman DNA cells caused by damage from actinic radiation. This study aims toexplore the acute toxicity test of the ethanol extract of Bidara leaves using whitemice as experimental animals. A total of 30 white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistarstrain obtained from the Eureka Research Laboratory (Palembang, Indonesia)weighing between 200 - 250 grams. After one week of adaptation, the mice wererandomly divided into the following six groups, each containing five animals:Normal control group and Bidara extract group (50mg/kg BW; 150 mg/kg BW;450 mg/kg BW; 1350 mg/kg BW; and 4050 mg/kg BW). This study shows thatthe extract of Bidara leaves has a relatively high toxic dose, namely at a dose of4050 mg/kg BW. Bidara leaf extract at doses below 1500 mg/kg BW, shows notoxic effect on the liver. In conclusion, bidara leaf extract has a toxic dose above4000 mg/kg BW in Wistar white rats.

Dietary supplementation with manganese and selenium offer protection against cadmium-induced oxidative damage to rat liver and kidney

The present study determined the effect of pre-supplementation with manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se) on biomarkers of oxidative stress in the liver and kidneys of rats exposed to a mild dose of cadmium. Sixteen Male Wistar strain rats (180-200 g b. wt) were divided into four groups (control, Cd alone, Mn + Se + Cd and Mn + Se). The rats used as the control received a normal rat diet and tap water throughout the study while the Cd alone rats received a normal rat diet and then exposed to a single daily oral dose of cadmium (3 mg CdCl2/kg) in drinking water for three days. Mn + Se + Cd rats were pretreated with Mn (3 mg MnCl2/kg/day) and Se (3mg SeO2/kg/day) for seven days and thereafter received a single daily oral dose of cadmium (3 mg CdCl2/kg) in drinking water for three days while Mn + Se rats were exposed to only Mn (3 mg MnCl2/kg/day) and Se (3mg SeO2/kg/day) for seven days. At the end of the experiment tissue cadmium concentration, membrane lipid peroxidation, glutathione content, and activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were determined in the liver and kidney samples. The results showed that pretreatment with Mn and Se effectively countered Cd-induced cadmium accumulation, membrane lipid peroxidation, depletion of the non-enzymic antioxidant, glutathione, and induction of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the liver and kidney. It can be concluded that pre-supplementation with Mn and Se significantly reversed Cd-induced deleterious alterations in the liver and kidney tissue of the rats.

Enzyme assays on GPx and SOD in alloxan-induced diabetic mice given yellow velvet leaf (Limnocharis flava) extracts

In a pathological condition such as diabetes, the increase of oxidative stress may decrease endogenous antioxidant activities, so the body cannot detoxify free radicals and prevent cell damage. The yellow velvet leaf is one of the natural antioxidant sources. This research investigates anti-hyperglycemic activities of ethanol extracts from yellow velvet leaves and SOD and GPx activities, the antioxidant enzymes. This experimental laboratory research used a posttest only group design. This research subjects were 25 alloxan-induced white male rats of Wistar strains conditioned as the type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The rats were clustered into five groups: the group I was the no-treatment control group, the group II was the positive control group given glibenclamide 0.45 mg/kg BW(rat's body weight) as the treatment, and group III, IV, and V were the experimental groups treated with yellow velvet leaf ethanol extracts with the doses of 32.5 mg/kg BW, 65 mg/kg BW and 130 mg/kg BW respectively. The activity tests of SOD and GPx, furthermore, were conducted. The results revealed that the dose of 130 mg was the most effective in increasing SOD and GPx activities. The increase of SOD and GPx levels also influenced the blood glucose level, which decreased significantly on 130mg. When the blood sugar level decreases, the stress oxidative itself can be reduced, increasing the endogenous antioxidant activities. It was concluded that the ethanol extract of yellow velvet leaf ( Limnocharis flava ) on the dose of 130mg/kg BW has a significant influence on SOD and GPx activities in alloxan-induced diabetic RA, and not significantly different from glibenclamide