Wistar Rats Body Weight Research Articles

Nescafé coffee caused changes in hematological parameters of alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats

This study investigated the effect of Nescafe coffee on the haematological parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Thirty male Wistar rats of body weight between 150 and 260 g were used for the study. They were divided randomly into five groups of six rats each. The 24 rats in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were alloxanized with 120 mg/kg of alloxan (intraperitoneally) and were confirmed diabetic before the commencement of the experiment. Group 1 rats (control) received feed and water, group 2 (diabetic rats) received 1.5 ml of 0.9% normal saline, group 3 received 500 mg/kg of Nescafe coffee extract, group 4 received 800 mg/kg of Nescafe coffee extract, while group 5 received 5 mg/kg of glibenclamide. After 28 days of experiment, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected from the rats via cardiac puncture for haematological tests. Fasting blood glucose level was determined weekly via tail puncture using a glucometer and readings were recorded. The result for RBC showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in groups 2 and 4 compared to group 5. PCV result showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in group 4 compared to group 5. The MCH and MCHC result showed a significant increase (P < 0.001) in group 3, compared with group 5.There was also a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in group 2, group 4 and group 5, compared with group 1 (control). The haemoglobin, MCV, WBC count, lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte counts, MPV, and ESR, result showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in all other groups when compared with group 1 and group 5. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the platelet count of the animals in groups 2 and 4 when compared with the control group. Furthermore, a significant decrease (P < 0.001) was noted in the eosinophil count and basophil count (P < 0.01) of the animals in groups 3, 4, and 5 when compared to the control group. On the contrary, a significant increase (P < 0.001) was noted in the eosinophil count and basophil count (P < 0.01) of the animals in group 2 when compared to group 5. In conclusion, the results showed that Nescafe coffee (especially when consumed in high quantity) significantly decreased some of the blood parameters of the diabetic animals.

Evaluation of the Influence of oral administration of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Sida acuta on Lipid Profile and Body Weight of Wistar Rats

Abnormalities in serum lipid profiles play a central role in endothelial functional abnormality which is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular diseases. Hepatic damage disturbs hepatic functions such as lipid metabolism which can translate to a distorted lipid profile. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of oral administration of Sida acuta on the lipid profile and body weight of Wistar rats. Freshly harvested leaves of Sida acuta was dried under room temperature and afterwards ground to powder which was subsequently processed into extract. Thirty adults male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. Group I (normal control) was administered with 2 ml of distilled water, groups II–VI were induced hepatic damage. While group II was left untreated, groups III-V were administered with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of aqueous extract of Sida acuta (AESD) respectively. Group VI was administered with silymarin (standard drug). Treatment lasted for 28 days after which animals were humanely sacrificed and blood sample collected for analysis. Treatment with extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced the activities of the liver enzymes; aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP). While the serum levels of TC, TG, HDL and LDL reported for group II were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those reported for the normal control. Oral administration of extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the levels of TC, TG, HDL and LDL reported for groups III-V. Oral administration of extract did not adversely affect the body weight of animals. In conclusion, it can be deduced from this study that oral administration of Sida acuta reversed a distorted lipid profile and did not result in weight loss.

Effect of Petrol on the Electrocardiogram, Cardiac Troponin-I and Body Weight of Wistar Rats and Mitigation by Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract

Effect of Petrol on the Electrocardiogram, Cardiac Troponin-I and Body Weight of Wistar Rats and Mitigation by Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract

Toxicology study profile of Nicotinamide mononucleotide after acute and 90-day sub chronic dosing in Wistar rats and mutagenicity tests

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is an intermediate in biosynthesis pathway of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), an essential cofactor in all living cells involved in fundamental biological processes. Evidence stemming from recent studies have unveiled numerous roles of NAD+ metabolism on aging, longevity, delaying the progression of age-related diseases. A three-study genetic toxicity (genetox) battery (bacterial mutagenesis, in vitro cytogenetics, and in vivo mammalian test) is usually required to confirm safety of a new dietary ingredient and this study showed the data from in vivo mutagenicity test for the first time.The acute oral LD50 of NMN was greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight with 5000 mg/kg body weight as LD50 cut-off value and was classified under “Category 5 or Unclassified” as per Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). Based on 90 days repeated dose toxicity test the NOAEL was considered to be NLT 800 mg NMN/kg body weight in Wistar rats. The bacterial reverse mutation test, the in vitro and in vivo chromosomal aberration test, found NMN to be non-mutagenic. In the mammalian bone marrow chromosomal aberration test, it was concluded that NMN is non clastogenic at and up to 2,000 mg/kg body weight in all the animals tested to confirm safety of a new dietary ingredient and this study showed the data from in vivo mutagenicity test for the first time.

Assessment of Biological Activities, Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity of Liang (Gnetum gnemon var. tenerum) Leaves Powder, a Natural Product.

Gnetum gnemon var. tenerum (Gnetaceae) is a shrub plant native to South-East Asia. In Thailand, Liang leaves are commonly consumed in South of Thailand as vegetable. According to literature, they have an antihyperglycemic capacity because of their rich chlorophyll, fiber, and protein. However, there is need to assess the safety since natural food products are not completely devoid of toxicity. This study aimed to assess the biological activities as well as the acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity of Liang leaves powder (LLP). The evaluation of LLP for acute oral toxicity was performed at dose level 2000 mg/kg body weight in Wistar rats while the sub-chronic oral toxicity of LLP was performed at the effective dose (1.47 g/kg) for antihyperglycemic property according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)-425. The results showed that LLP demonstrated anti-inflammatory activities. It also showed no clinical signs of toxic effects and mortality in rats throughout 90 d. Thus, LLP could be classified in GHS category 5 which are of relatively low acute toxicity and then the lethal dose, 50% (LD50) cut off at 5000 mg/kg body weight to infinity (∞). Administration of LLP to the experimental rats significantly increased (p < 0.05) the concentration of triglyceride and increased concentration of creatinine as a result of kidney malfunction was also noticed in the experimental rats. Hematological alteration was not noticed in the treated female rats, but red blood cell, hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations significantly increased in the treated male rats. The study concludes that sub-chronic administration of 1.47 g/kg LLP is relatively safe.

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of Liberin, an anti-diabetic polyherbal formulation in rats

BackgroundThe polyherbal formulation (PHF) liberin, is known to exert anti-hyperglycemic effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hence, it is important to study the safety profile of PHF in the current study through acute and chronic toxicity evaluation. ObjectivesThis research aims to assess the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of PHF in rats. Materials and methodsPHF was administered once orally (1000 mg/kg body weight), and the rats (male and female) were monitored for toxicity signs for a 14-day period. For a 28-day chronic toxicity study, rats were daily administered with PHF dose of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Rats were followed up for mortality, weight changes, and other morbidities. Further haematological, biochemical, and histopathological changes were assessed. ResultsNo death related to treatment or toxicity signs were recorded in the acute single-dose administration group. The results showed that the PHF was tolerated well up to a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight. Even at the high dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight, sub-chronic tests did not show any significant difference between the dosed and normal groups. No significant changes were seen in the histopathological analysis of the liver, spleen, and kidney as well as haematological and biochemical parameters in acute, sub-chronic and satellite groups following the administration of PHF. ConclusionThe results confirmed that there was no adverse effect of this PHF at the maximum dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight in Wistar rats. Further, no adverse delayed effects related to PHF were observed in the satellite group. Therefore, this PHF appears safe for therapeutic purposes in the Ayurvedic medicinal system.

Effect of Instant Noodles Formulated with Natural Spice and Noodle Seasoning on Hemato-Biochemical Parameters and Body Weight Changes in Albino Rats Model.

Considering the fact that food contains many nutrients that can be exploited and used by man. The study assesses the impact of instant noodles prepared with natural spice and noodles seasoning on changes in body weight and hemato-biochemical parameters in a model using albino rats. Nine (9) distinct groups of six (6) Wistar rats each were given instant noodles with seasoning and one with natural spice (40g of crayfish and 30g of onion) for 90 days. The Wistar rats were divided into 54 groups. While groups 2 through 9 served as the treatment groups and were given variously prepared instant noodles and rat pellets, group 1 served as the control group was given rat pellet and tap water. Using established techniques, all biochemical parameters were examined. The findings revealed that there were no appreciable variations in the body weight of Wistar rats in any of the experimental groups. In comparison to those fed instant noodles cooked with noodle seasoning, those fed instant noodles prepared with natural spice show significantly higher development rates (P&lt; 0.05). Furthermore, rats given quick noodles had a non-significant rise (p &gt; 0.05) in the concentration of total protein. Additionally, the albumin concentration in these groups increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05),when compared to rats fed noodles prepared with seasoning to rats fed noodles prepared with natural spice, non-significant differences (p&gt; 0.05) were observed in the blood parameters. Spiced instant noodles are not safe to eat. It is thus advised that users of instant noodles reduce the amount of spices used, as cooking with natural spices appears to mitigate the effect of free radicals deposited on the spices.

The effect of giving moringa tempeh flour on hemoglobin levels and body weight of Wistar Rats

Background: Tempeh is a fermented product that has earned the nickname "the miracle food" because of its nutritional content, especially amino acids and fatty acids, which are good for health. Moringa leaves, which are also called "the miracle leaves," have complete nutritional content, especially iron, and vitamin C. Vitamin C plays a significant role in the absorption and metabolism of ironObjectives: Was to increase absorption of iron, which can increase hemoglobin blood and body weight of ratsMethods: There were 4 groups, each consisting of 6 rats. The rats were kept in animal laboratories at room temperature (25–27°C) for 21 days. This research was conducted from 7 to 27 October 2020 in the Pharmacology Laboratory of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. This study used a Completely Randomized Design, used 24 Rattus norvegicus with treatment conditioned with anemia. The four groups were divided into control anemia rats, control non-anemia rats, anemia rats that consumed tempeh, and anemia rats that consumed tempeh with moringa leaves of 4%. The rats body weight was weighed daily and the blood Hb was taken at the end of the treatment. Statistical test used One-way Analysis of Variance (α = 0,01).Results: The results of statistical tests with ANOVA show not significant influence. The results of the hemoglobin and body weight rats had no significant effect.Conclusion: The value was not significant between groups in the hemoglobin assessment, but the treatment group that was given moringa leaves tempeh was higher than the anemia control group and the pure tempeh group.

Histomorphometric effects of energy drink consumption on pancreatic tissue of albino wistar rats.

Objective: To determine the histo-morphometric effects of energy drink consumption in different doses on the pancreatic tissue of Wistar Albino rats. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Department of Pharmacology, Isra University, Hyderabad. Period: April 2021 to September 2021. Material &amp; Methods: Thirty healthy albino Wistar rats of body weight 200±20 were included in the study. Rats were divided equally into three groups. Group I (Control), Group II (Low dose energy drink 7.5 ml/day) and Group III (High dose energy drink 15 ml/day). The body weight of all animals was measured. Blood samples were collected for the biochemical analysis including serum glucose, serum insulin level, and oxidative markers. Histo-pathological and morphometric findings were observed. Results: A statistically significant rise in body weight in groups II and III (p&lt;0.05). Significantly increased serum glucose and declined insulin level was seen in group II and III compared with controls (p&lt;0.05). There was a significantly lower level of oxidative markers observed in group III than in groups I and II (p&lt;0.05). The mean pancreatic acini and islets diameter in groups II and III has decreased significantly compared with group I (p&lt;0.05). The histo-pathological grading reveals that mild to moderate parenchymal changes in the pancreatic tissue of group II rats compared with group I. While moderate to severe changes were observed in group III compared with group I and II rats. Conclusion: Caffeinated energy drink consumption results in oxidative stress and degenerative changes in the potential to seriously alter the exocrine and endocrine pancreas' normal morphology consumption.

Anti-nephrotoxic activity of aqueous extract of polyherbal mixture against renal toxicity induced by paracetamol in Wistar albino rats

Abstract. Abu MS, Mashi RL, Lawal JY, Samuel OS. 2023. Anti-nephrotoxic activity of aqueous extract of polyherbal mixture against renal toxicity induced by paracetamol in Wistar albino rats. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 112-117. Medicinal plant materials as sources of therapeutic compounds continue to play an important role in maintaining human health for ages. This study investigated the effect of polyherbal extract (Carica papaya L., Allium sativum L., Curcuma longa L., and Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) on urea, creatinine, sodium ion, potassium ion, and chloride ion concentrations, and body weight of Wistar rats intoxicated with paracetamol. Thirty Wistar rats were randomly distributed into six groups, with five in each group. Group 1 is the normal control group; Group 2 is the negative control group (paracetamol-induced but untreated); Group 3 received 140 mgkg-1 of silymarin; Groups 4, 5, and 6 received 100, 300, and 500 mgkg-1 body of the aqueous polyherbal extract respectively for seven days. Therefore, the blood samples were collected and evaluated for creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, and chloride ions concentrations to measure kidney function. The results revealed that the aqueous extract of the polyherbal mixture significantly (p&lt;0.05) ameliorated the kidney function test parameters that were analyzed by lowering their concentrations previously elevated by the paracetamol intoxication comparable with the normal control rats. Therefore, it can be concluded that the polyherbal mixture extract expressed an anti-nephrotoxic effect against renal toxicity induced by paracetamol in Wistar albino rats.

The Effect of Citrus amblycarpa Hassk Extract Against Rattus norvegicus Body Weight with High-Fat Diet

Background: Obesity is a complex disease that is generally accompanied by insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress and the expression of inflammatory markers that contribute to the accumulation of body fat mass. Lemons contain high levels of flavonoids and essential oils so that they have the potential to control appetite and play a role in fat breakdown. Purpose: to determine the effect of Citrus amblycarpa Hass extract on weight loss of rats fed a high-fat diet.Objective: Rattus novergicus Wistar strain aged 2-3 months and randomly divided into 6 groupsMethods: The dried Citrus amblycarpa Hass peel was extracted by maceration method with 70% ethanol as solvent. Variations in the dose of Citrus amblycarpa Hass peel extract given were 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg BW. There were 6 groups of treated rats with 30 rats total sample. The weight of the mice from each treatment group was measured for 6 weeks and then the average body weight of each group was analyzed using Kruskall Wallis with the Mann-Whitney further test.Results: The data showed that administration of Citrus amblycarpa Hass peel extract had a significant effect on weight loss of Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet with p= 0.00 (p &lt;0.05). The average body weight of the 300 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kg BW extract treated rats was significantly different from the control group that was not given the C. amblycarpa Hass peel extract, but the average body weight in the 200 mg/kg BW dose group did not show a significant difference.Conclusion: There is an effect of C. amblycarpa Hass peel extract in reducing the body weight of Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet significantly at doses of 300 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kg BW.

Lemuru Fish (Sardinella Lemuru) Oil effects on Body Weight of Wistar Rats Induced by Trans Fatty Acids

The content of EPA and DHA in lemuru fish oil can be used to prevent obesity risk factors. This study aims to determine the effect of purified lemuru fish oil on the weight of Wistar rats induced by trans fatty acids. This research is an experimental study using a randomized block design with a post test only control group. The research sample was 30 male Wistar rats aged two to three months, grouped into two control groups (K) which were given standard feed (K0) and those given standard feed after two weeks of trans fatty acid induction (K1) and three treatment groups (P). ) with lemuru fish oil intervention as much as 0.34 ml (P1), 0.67 ml (P2), and 1.34 ml (P3). The induction material was 2.3 g of liquid margarine, containing 3.8% trans fatty acids. The intervention material was lemuru fish oil from the purification process containing 18.05% EPA and 9.37% DHA. Induction of margarine for two weeks made the body weight of the rats increased by 27.90% (P2) compared to the control (K0) 16.06%. After the intervention period of lemuru fish oil for three weeks, the weight of the treatment group P1 (18.53%), P2 (14.74%), and P3 (13.19%) was lower than the control group K0 (22.79%) and K1 (25.31%).

Phytochemical Screening and Acute Exposure of Methanolic Bark Extract of Pterocarpus Tinctorius in Wistar Rats

The bark extract of Pterocarpus tinctorius (Fabaceae) is traditionally used to treat diseases such as diabetes, gonorrhoea, hypertension, stomachache and bacterial gastroenteritis. However, little is known about toxicity and phytochemicals found in the bark of Pterocarpus tinctorius. Therefore, this study aimed at phytochemical screening and investigating acute oral toxicity of the stem bark of Pterocarpus tinctorius in Wistar rats. Wistar rats (N=3 per group) were randomly assigned to four groups: negative control, 50, 300, and 2000 mg/ kg methanolic sub-extract. A single dose was administered and female Wistar rats were observed for 14 days according to the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development guidelines for acute toxicity testing in rats. After dosing, rats were individually observed for their physical and behavioural changes throughout the study. The body weight of Wistar rats were monitored weekly and gross pathological changes of rat organs were observed. In addition, the biochemical markers and organ- body weight ratios of the kidneys and the liver were measured. Qualitative phytochemical tests were carried out to determine the types of phytochemicals present in the bark of Pterocarpus tinctorius. There were no signs of toxicity observed in all treatment groups and no abnormalities were observed on organs of rats. There was no significant difference in body weight, organ- body weight and biochemical markers with p&gt;0.05, for the Wistar rats in all treatment groups compared to the negative control. Phytochemical tests showed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, anthocyanins and saponins in the stem bark of Pterocarpus tinctorius as compounds that could be responsible to treat diseases in traditional medicine. This study demonstrated that Pterocarpus tinctorius methanolic bark sub-extract is not acutely toxic to the liver and kidneys up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. It is highly recommended that toxicity studies on other organs of rats such as the heart, brain, pancreas and intestines are carried out.

Evaluation of the Effects of Aqueous Fruit Extract of Tamarindus indica on Body Weight, Lipid Profile, Some Electrolytes and Urea of Wistar Rats

Objectives: The objectives of this research is to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of T. indica on weight, lipid parameters, some electrolytes and urea of Wistar rats&#x0D; Design &amp; Methods: Twenty-five Male Adult rats were grouped into four consisting of six rats each. Group I served as control group, group II was administered 100mg/kg of the Aqueous extract, group III was administered 150mg/kg of the Aqueous extract, and Group IV was administered 200mg/kg of the Aqueous extract.&#x0D; The administration took place for seven days, and on the eight day, The Animals were sacrificed. The blood samples was collected via cardiac puncture and used for analysis using a visible spectrophotometer.&#x0D; Results: From the result, there was no significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in body weight of Wistar rats. In the Test Groups; Serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very Low-density Lipoprotein and Triglycerides revealed a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) compared to Group 1 which is the control Group but had a significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) compared within test groups. For electrolytes concentrations, potassium, Sodium, Chloride and Urea concentrations was significant at p&lt;0.05.&#x0D; Conclusion: the results above ,T. indica extract may help to maintain healthy weight, may have hypolipidemic properties, may help in body homeostatic and fluid balance and may also prevent renal damages.

Influence of Sex on Food Intake and Body Weight in Wistar Rats in a Repeated Administration of Bridelia ferruginea Benth Aqueous Extract

Background and objectives: Bridelia ferruginea Benth , a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine in Ivory Coast to treat many pathologies such as diabetes mellitus, is usually taken during a short or long period and its bark used as vegetables contains anti-nutritional factors.. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the plant extract on food consumption and body weight in Wistar female and male rats. Methods: The aqueous extract was prepared using the powder (100 g) of the stem bark of Bridelia ferruginea macerated in distilled water (1 Liter) during 24 hours. For the present study, thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups of 8 animals each (8; 4/sex). The experiment was performed in 90 days, according the protocol described by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline 408 for testing chemicals in sub chronic toxicity study in rodents. Food consumption and animal body weight were measured each day during the experiment period. Results: The food consumption decreased in female group compared to the male rats receiving the same treatment (p <0.05). During three months of measurement, decrease of food consumption was observed in all female rat groups (control and treated, p <0.001) compared to male groups having the same treatment. Weekly measures of body weight showed decrease in female rats compared to male groups receiving the same dose. Conclusion: Bridelia ferruginea caused lower body weight and food consumption in female rats compared to the male that suggested female Wistar rats were more sensitive than male.

Evaluation of Influence of Archachatina marginata Mucin on the Body Weight and Some Gastric Secretions of Wistar Rats Induced with Gastric Ulcer

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of A. marginata mucin on the gastric secretions and body weight of wistar rats induced with gastric ulcer. Thirty (30) adult male wistar rats were divided into six groups of five rats each. Group I (normal control) was administered with 2ml/kg distilled water, while Groups II III, IV and V were induced with ulceration via oral administration of 120mg/kg indomethacin. After ulceration had been confirmed successfully induced, while Group II was left untreated with mucin, III, IV and V were treated with 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mgl/kg mucin respectively. Meanwhile, Group VI was administered with 20mg/kg omeprazole (standard drug). Body weight of rats was determined after induction (initial) and after treatment (final). The values recorded for free acidity (FA), total acidity (TA), pepsin activity (PA) and acid output (AO) for the untreated ulcer rats (Group II) were significantly high (63.20±7.66mEq/L), (91.40±6.34mEq/L), (1.63±0.09μEq/L/4hr) and (0.43±0.04μg/ml) respectively. However, significant reduction in the aforementioned parameters was established with mucin treatment in a dose dependent manner, such that Group V administered with 800mg/kg manifested the lowest level of FA (47.40±7.19 mEq/L), TA (72.00±6.36), PA (1.39±0.07 μg/ml) and AO (0.16±0.05 μg/ml) which was not significantly different from the values recorded for Group VI treated with the standard drug (omeprazole).The values recorded on the body weight of Group II reduced with the induction of gastric ulcer. However, a dose dependent increase was observed in all treated groups. In conclusion, through this study, it has been established that A. marginata mucin could be explored for the development of anti-ulcer therapy.

Terminalia chebula retz: A prospective agent in reducing the doxorubicin-mediated cardiotoxicity

Objectives: The present study evaluated the role of Terminalia chebula Retz. extract against doxorubicin (DXR)-mediated cardiac damages in male and female rats. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extract of T. chebula (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg) was administered simultaneously with DXR (2.5 mg/kg, three-doses on alternate days by intraperitoneal route). Two additional groups were evaluated by administering 0.5 g/kg of the extract to animals before or after DXR treatment. The study was done separately in male and female adult Wistar rats of bodyweight 180–200 mg. The cardiac biomarker levels such as creatine kinase-monoenzyme B, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were estimated after each treatment. Histopathology of cardiac tissue was studies analyzed, and the level of superoxide dismutase was determined in serum. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests and P < 0.05 was considered to indicate the statistical significance. Results: The observations indicated that DXR significantly (P < 0.001) elevated the biomarker levels of cardiac damage in both male and female rats, besides inducing the structural changes in the myocardium tissues and antioxidant status. The co-administration of higher doses of T. chebula extract (0.5 and 1 g/kg) with DXR significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the cardiac enzyme levels and histopathological changes and improve the antioxidant status compared to DXR group. Post-treatment with T. chebula (0.5 mg/kg) showed mild inhibitory action on the DXR-induced cardiac changes without significantly affecting the antioxidant level. Conclusion: The results suggest that co-administration of T. chebula reduced the DXR-mediated cardiac damages and the action could be related to the enhancement of the antioxidant property in rats.

Serum electrolytes and renal histology of Wistar rats treated with seed extract of &lt;i&gt;Citrullus lanatus&lt;/i&gt;

Medicinal plants are frequently used in healthcare delivery in Sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of the world because of their bioactive compounds, thus accounting for about 80% of African medicine. The kidneys are involved in one of the body’s most important homeostasis. This study evaluated the effects of Citrullus lanatus fruit juice on serum electrolytes and histology of the kidney in Wistar rats. Seventy (70) male Wistar rats were used for the study and categorized into four groups (n=9). Group 1 (control group) were fed with growers mash and water only. Animals in groups 2, 3 and 4 were given 2.5 mg/kg, 5 ml/kg and 10 ml/kg of the extract along with growers mash respectively. Findings showed a dose dependent increase in bodyweight (expressed in percentage) in all groups. There was no significant difference (P&gt;0.05) in serum Na+, Cl-, creatinine, HCO3 and urea in animals given watermelon seed extract (81.69±13.08; 85.22±8.25; 4.80±0.04; 27.78±5.48; 7.05±0.25) when compared with control group (102.62±7.40; 86.78±7.61; 26.90±2.46; 7.52±0.59; 28.26±5.24). However, there was significant increase in serum K+ level in animals given watermelon seed extract of 2.5 ml/kg group (3.77±0.12) when compared with control group (3.49±0.08). In addition, significant increase was observed in urea level in 2.5 ml/kg experimental animals (49.27±7.38) when compared with control (28.26±5.24). In conclusion, administration of Citrullus lanatus seed extract did not affect serum electrolytes level, except serum potassium, however, it caused an increase in the bodyweight of Wistar rats but show no significant alteration in histological architecture of the kidney when compared to control.&#x0D; Keywords: Serum electrolyte; Renal histology; Citrullus lanatus

Espirulina un suplemento alimenticio como posible alternativa en el control de peso. Un estudio con ratas Wistar

Recently spirulina algae have been used for weight reduction. It is known that at least 36 g of this algae provide all the essential amino acids, among other different compounds such as fiber and flavonoids with the possibility of treating obesity or overweight, The objective was to determine if the administration of spirulina helps reduce body weight in Wistar rats as well as determining possible effects on the metabolism of different general bio-chemical markers such as a lipid profile, urea and creatinine. A double-blind experimental study was applied using 10 Wistar rats, four rats called experimental rats, 5.8 mg of spirulina diluted in 1 mL of water, by orogas-tric tube for eight weeks, were administered to the control group (6 rats same species and initial weight) He was given only 1 mL of water. The weight of the experimental rats versus the controls had no significant changes. Regarding the biochemical markers, only a significant increase in the values of urea, total cholesterol, and tri-glycerides of the experimental group in relation to the control was found. The findings suggest the intake of spirulina for weight control and in possible states of malnutrition.

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Ipomoea staphylina Linn

BackgroundMedicinal and aromatic plants have the potential to treat various disorders both human and animals. This present work investigated the hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of Ipomoea staphylina leaves on Wistar rats against CCl4-induced liver injury.MethodsIn vitro free radical scavenging activity of aqueous extract of Ipomoea staphylina (AIS) was estimated using ABTS [2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)} and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals. Pharmacologically important phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids were analyzed using HPLC technique. Hepatotoxicity was induced by oral administration of CCl4 at 1 mL/kg body weight of Wistar rats twice a week for 8 weeks. Experimental rats received AIS orally at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg daily for 8 weeks. Silymarin, a routine hepatoprotective drug, was used as a reference drug.ResultsTotal phenolics and flavonoid content of AIS are 20.78 ± 0.86 mg of GAE/g and 17.78 ± 0.45 mg of RE/g of extract respectively. ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of AIS exhibits the IC50 value of 32.08 ± 0. 12 and 45.24 ± 0.65 μg/mL respectively. HPLC analysis of AIS showed the presence of polyphenolic compounds such as protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, naringinin, qurecetin, rutin and flavon. Treatment with AIS restored the biochemical parameters towards normal level, prevented the occurrence of LPO and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the levels of enzymatic (SOD and catalase) and non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione) antioxidants in CCl4 administered Wistar rats. Histopathology results confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of AIS.ConclusionBased on the results obtained, we suggest that the I. staphylina leaves extract have potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity.