Wise Regression Research Articles

Role of Financial Innovation in Enhancing the Meezan Bank’s Market Share: Evaluating the Perception of Regional versus Branch Level Employees

In Pakistan very few researchers have focused on targeting the element of financial innovation within the sector of Islamic banking, despite of its ongoing growth. This study therefore aims to provide the perception based analysis about the effect of Financial innovative/Fintech tools on the market share of Meezan Bank in Pakistan. The present study report the results from the questionnaire survey distributed to the 52 branch as well as regional employees of Meezan Bank in Pakistan. The analysis of survey findingsthrough multivariate regression suggest that financial innovation is positively related to the market share of Meezan bank. On the basis of Step wise regression it is suggested that among the six elements of Fintech services (Mobile banking, internet banking, telephone banking, Automated teller machines (ATMs), Point of Sale terminals (POS), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) only ATM and POS are the most significant variables. Moreover, regional employees are significantly optimistic about the influence of Fintech on the market share of the selected bank.

The Impact of E-Commerce on Business Strategy in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of Iran

Purpose: The growth, development and survival of economic enterprises depend on the formulation, implementation and correct evaluation of organizational strategic decisions. Therefore, using new methods, changing methods and continuously evaluating structural decisions is one of the main duties of senior managers of organizations. In this article, the impact of choosing e-commerce on business strategy has been studied. Methodology: The statistical data was collected using a questionnaire and the collected data was processed by SPSS software and used for analysis and conclusions. The purpose of this research is applied and the method of data collection is descriptive. The statistical population in this research is all the employees, managers and senior managers of small and medium-sized Iranian companies in Tehran, Iran. The statistical sample in this study includes 384 people who were selected based on the Morgan table and by a simple random method. Step wise regression model was used to analyze the statistical data in this research. Findings: The results obtained by analyzing the data obtained from the software have shown that the choice of e-commerce effectively affects the business strategy. Originality/Value: In this paper, we will examine the impact of e-commerce on business strategy in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of Iran.

Potential of roots and shoots of Napier grass for arresting soil erosion and runoff of mollisols soils of Himalayas

In this study, a soil filled Hydraulic Tilting Flume (HTF) was used as a test plot under simulated rainfall conditions. This flume was filled with mollisols soils (sandy loam in texture) collected from tarai region of Himalayas. The effects of root and shoot characteristics of Napier grass in terms of leaf area index (LAI), shoot length (SL), number of leaves (NL), number of tillers (NT), shoot biomass (SB), root density (RD), root length (RL), root biomass (RB), and total biomass (TB) were investigated on runoff and sediment outflow at 90, 120 and 150 days after planting (DAP). Four simulated rainfall intensities namely 4.0, 6.5, 8.3 and 9.4 cm/h over three land slopes of 1, 2 and 3% were selected. Runoff samples collected from whole plant plot and only root plot were analyzed for runoff and sediment outflow. Findings revealed that Napier grasses were very effective to reduce runoff and sediment outflow and its efficacy increased with the extended growth stages. The reduction in runoff and sediment outflow at 90, 120 and 150 DAP was obtained as 56% and 85%, 68% and 90%, and 74% and 96%, respectively, as compared to bare plot conditions. It was observed that the comparative contribution of shoots in runoff rate reduction was higher than the roots. On the contrary, the root part of the plant showed more contribution in sediment rate reduction as compared to the shoot part. Step wise regression was attempted for the selection of effective input parameters to establish authentic runoff and sediment outflow models. Power form of multiple non-linear regression (MNLR) showed very satisfactory results for predicting runoff and sediment outflow with coefficient of determination (R2) as 97.4% and 99.0%, respectively, root mean square error (RMSE) as 38.8 cc/m2/min and 0.126 g/m2/min, respectively, and coefficient of efficiency (CE) as 93.9% and 96.7%, respectively, during testing period.

Impact of accounting information system on profitability: A perceptual study of insurance sector in India

Accounting information system is a mechanism that use the system, internal controls, and security measures to gather, record, store, and convert data into information so that management may make the best decisions possible, resulting in a rise in the organization’s profitability. This research aims to find out the challenges encountered during the usage of AIS & how the Accounting Information System (AIS) affects the profitability of selected Indian insurance companies. The Accounting information system measures based on five variables via efficiency, reliability, ease of use, data quality, and accuracy. Using a questionnaire method, data were obtained from 400 respondents. Using a purposive sampling technique of non-probability sampling, the data were then analyzed by rank analysis and the step wise regression method. The regression results show that the AIS variables (reliability, accuracy, ease of use) have a considerable impact on profitability. AIS efficiency and data quality, on the other hand, do not influence the profitability of insurance companies.

Perception of KVK Professionals towards Principles of Extension Education and Different Components

The role of extension in uplifting the Socio-economic status of rural people is becoming prominent with the passage of time. Extension educators and extension service providers better deal with a variety of circumstances if they have holistic understanding of the principle of extension. To further ascertain this, it's necessary to know their Perception level about the fundamentals of extension education. The study was conducted in 145 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVKs) of 24 State and Union territories all over India in 2021 with the help of structured questionnaire. Random sampling procedure was employed to select 150 KVK scientists. The fi ndings revealed that majority of KVK professionals had favorable Perception toward principles (65.33%) of extension education. While about 18.00 per cent and 12.67 per cent were having unfavorable Perception. About 69.34 per cent of KVK scientists were doctorate. It was also found that job satisfaction, information seeking behaviour, education, background and position had shown positive and signifi cant relationship with perception towards principles of extension. In step wise regression model for fi nding out signifi cant variance contributors it was found that job satisfaction and position in department contributing around 12.3 per cent of variances in perceptions toward principles of extension.

18F‐MK6240 tau in ento‐ and perihinal cortex is related to episodic memory in the earliest stages of Alzheimer’s disease

AbstractBackgroundIn a previous study, we showed the sensitivity of the Buschke Selective Reminding test Total Retention (BSRT TR) for detecting and predicting 4‐year cognitive change in cognitively intact older adults. Here, we examined how BSRT TR related to tau load.MethodThe study sample consisted of 29 cognitively intact participants of the Flemish Prevent AD cohort KU Leuven (CDR global=0, MMSE=28‐30, mean age=68.5 year) and eight memory‐clinic recruited patients with prodromal AD (CDR global=0.5, MMSE=21‐30, mean age=71 year). All participants underwent neuropsychological testing, MRI and 18F‐MK6240 PET. Structural T1‐weighted MRI images were processed using CAT12. Tau load was quantified as 18F‐MK6240 DVR with the inferior cerebellum used as reference region. The primary analysis was based on voxel‐wise regression analysis between 18F‐MK6240 DVR scans and BSRT TR mean scores, with age as covariate. The second primary endpoint was the correlation between BSRT TR mean scores and tau DVR in an entorhinal and perirhinal volume of interest (VOI) based on the Brainnetome atlas. The secondary analysis was a VOI analysis based on an early metaVOI also containing hippocampus, parahippocampus, fusiform gyrus and inferior temporal cortex. Results were compared to those obtained for other episodic memory scores (BSRT delayed recall (DR), Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) total learning (TL) and AVLT DR), and an MRI volumetric analysis.ResultVoxel‐wise regression analysis showed a negative correlation between BSRT TR mean and DVR in ento‐ and perirhinal cortex bilaterally (x=22, y=‐4, z=‐32, extent=612 voxels, cluster level pcorr<0.001) (x=‐30, y=‐22, z=‐20, extent=2910 voxels, cluster level pcorr<0.001) (Figure A). This was confirmed by the analysis of the entorhinal/perirhinal VOI (rho=‐0.44, p=0.0063; Figure B). Significant correlations with ento‐ and perirhinal DVR were also present for BSRT DR (rho=‐0.39, p=0.017) and AVLT TL (rho=‐0.41, p=0.012), but not for AVLT DR (rho=‐0.29, p=0.084). No significant correlation was found with tau in the early metaVOI for any of the verbal episodic memory measures. Voxel‐wise regression analysis between gray matter volume and BSRT TR mean scores did not show significant results.ConclusionThe earliest measurable tau aggregate levels in ento‐ and perirhinal cortex correlate with classical episodic memory parameters.

A Model for Residual Stress in the Dry Turning of Duplex Stainless Steels

Machining induced tensile residual stress of components made from Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS) is a major factor affecting their functional performance. This work used a multi-regression modeling approach for establishing the relationship amongst process parameters of turning operation and residual stress for standard DSS components. Four turning parameters namely, cutting speed, cutting depth, rate of feed & radius of tool nose were varied. Each of the selected parameters had three levels of values. The influence of these variations on residual stress was noted. Experiments were performed using Definitive Screening Design (DSD). Surface residual stress was measured using X-ray diffraction method. Step Wise regression approach with forward selection of terms and alpha value of 0.25 resulted in a quadratic model with R square value of 94.8 %. Validation experiment with new specimens yielded prediction accuracy of 88%.

Modelling of Surface Roughness effect on the Dry Turning of Duplex Stainless Steels

Surface integrity features such as roughness, induced by machining Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS) components, is an important factor affecting their functional performance. This work used a multi-regression modelling method to state the relationship between turning parameters & roughness average for standard DSS components. Four process parameters, viz. cutting speed, rate of feed, cutting depth & radius of tool nose curvature were varied between three levels each and their effect on roughness average was noted. Experiments were performed using Definitive Screening Design (DSD). The surface roughness parameter was measured using Taylor Hobson branded Talysurf-5 profilometer. A Step Wise regression approach with forward selection of terms and alpha value of 0.25 resulted in a quadratic model with R square value of 99.61%. Validation experiment with new specimens yielded prediction accuracy of 88%. For minimization of roughness, cutting speed should be set at 100 m/min, feed rate should be set at 0.1 mm/rev, cutting depth should be set at 1.5 mm and nose radius should be set at 0.8 mm. These settings yielded minimum value of roughness average as 0.0845 microns.

Predicting Risky Decision Making (Odds Selection) in Regular Soccer Gamblers from Nigeria using Cognitive Tasks Combined with Non-Cognitive Measures.

As real time soccer gambling is becoming a game of choice for many Nigerian youths, there is need to examine some predictive factors that could account for risky decision making in the population. We combined some cognitive tasks (memory, concentration, executive function and problem solving) and non-cognitive measures (time taken to complete a bet, years of gambling and addiction tendency measures) to derive a more parsimonious model of predicting risky decision making in this population. Twenty-eight undergraduate students that endorsed regular involvement (at least once a week) in soccer betting and were willing to come to the psychology lab for testing were recruited. Four neuropsychological measures (Craft Story 21: Immediate and delayed, Number Span Test: Forward and backward, Trail Making Test: A&B, Tower of Hannoi and a gambling questionnaire (Gamblers Anonymous Questionnaire) were used for the study. Study design was correlational and linear regression (step wise method) was used for data analysis. Step wise regression statistics yielded nine possible model combinations with high predictive strengths. Overall, model 9 (with adjusted R2 = 0.57) that has 6 measures including one from non-cognitive and 5 from cognitive measures was adjudged to be most parsimonious putting into consideration its predictive strength and number of tasks required. The tasks in our most parsimonious model were: time taken to complete a bet (non-cognitive), Craft Story 21: immediate (cognitive: memory), Number Span Forward: Total correct and longest correct (cognitive: concentration), Trail Making Test: B (cognitive: executive function) and Tower of Hannoi: Time taken to complete (cognitive: problem solving). Pearson product moment correlation between the predictor variables and the dependent variable (number of odds selected) showed inverse correlation of Craft Story Immediate, Number Span total correct and Number span longest correct suggesting strong divergence of these variables to odd selection. Time taken to complete bet, Trail Making Test: B and time taken to complete Tower of Hannoi respectively had positive correlations with number of odds selected. Our results suggest that multiple domains of cognitive abilities and time taken to complete a bet are important for predicting gamblers at risk for poor decision making. It further suggests that use of single task for a particular cognitive domain could be sufficient in predicting persons at risk for decision making. Overall, our study suggests that risky decision making in real time sports betting could be predicted using fewer neuropsychological tasks measuring wider domains of brain behaviour and a non-cognitive measure.

How Social Advertising Affects the Buying Behaviour of Malaysian Consumers? Testing the Moderating Effects of Gender and Education

This study examines the influence of social advertising on the buying behaviour of Malaysian consumers along with the moderating role of gender and education. We use our own Primary data that were collected through questionnaire-based survey from the shoppers at various shopping malls of fashion clothing brands at Kuala Lumpur and State Johor in Malaysia. The collected data were analyzed by using step wise regression and correlation statistics to find results. The findings revealed that social advertising, informativeness, entertainment, credibility, ease of use, contents, and gender have positive effects on the buying behaviour of Malaysian consumers toward the fashion clothing brands. By contrast, we find negative effects of privacy and education. Next, we show that gender has moderating effects in the defined context. The main contribution of this study is the assessment of the effects of some unique and influential factors of social advertising on the buying behaviour among Malaysian consumers towards the fashion clothing brands. In addition, this study has also assessed the moderating effects of gender and education to extend the body of knowledge in that area. Finally, we present practical implications for managers.

Key characteristics impacting survival of COVID-19 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

BackgroundSevere COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) often requires extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Recent German health insurance data revealed low ICU survival rates. Patient characteristics and experience of the ECMO center may determine intensive care unit (ICU) survival. The current study aimed to identify factors affecting ICU survival of COVID-19 ECMO patients.Methods673 COVID-19 ARDS ECMO patients treated in 26 centers between January 1st 2020 and March 22nd 2021 were included. Data on clinical characteristics, adjunct therapies, complications, and outcome were documented. Block wise logistic regression analysis was applied to identify variables associated with ICU-survival.ResultsMost patients were between 50 and 70 years of age. PaO2/FiO2 ratio prior to ECMO was 72 mmHg (IQR: 58–99). ICU survival was 31.4%. Survival was significantly lower during the 2nd wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A subgroup of 284 (42%) patients fulfilling modified EOLIA criteria had a higher survival (38%) (p = 0.0014, OR 0.64 (CI 0.41–0.99)). Survival differed between low, intermediate, and high-volume centers with 20%, 30%, and 38%, respectively (p = 0.0024). Treatment in high volume centers resulted in an odds ratio of 0.55 (CI 0.28–1.02) compared to low volume centers. Additional factors associated with survival were younger age, shorter time between intubation and ECMO initiation, BMI > 35 (compared to < 25), absence of renal replacement therapy or major bleeding/thromboembolic events.ConclusionsStructural and patient-related factors, including age, comorbidities and ECMO case volume, determined the survival of COVID-19 ECMO. These factors combined with a more liberal ECMO indication during the 2nd wave may explain the reasonably overall low survival rate. Careful selection of patients and treatment in high volume ECMO centers was associated with higher odds of ICU survival.Trial registrationRegistered in the German Clinical Trials Register (study ID: DRKS00022964, retrospectively registered, September 7th 2020, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00022964.Graphical abstract

Investigating the effect of the tractor driving system type on soil compaction using different methods of ANN, ANFIS and step wise regression

Farm tractors have different driving systems, including four-wheel drive and rear-wheel drive which are common systems employed to conduct agricultural operations all over the world. The type of driving system influences tractor wheel slip which is one of the most effective factors in soil compaction. Hence a series of experiments were conducted using Goldoni 240 tractor to investigate the effects of tractor driving systems, including four-wheel drive (4WD), rear-wheel drive (RWD), and front-wheel drive (FWD) at different travel speeds, soil moistures, number of passes (1, 5, and 9), and soil textures (clay loam, loam, and sandy loam) at the depths of 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm. Increasing tractor wheel slip showed a significant effect on increasing soil compaction. The lowest tractor wheel slip was occurred using the 4WD system, and by increasing travel speed in this system, soil compaction decreased. Increasing tractor speed in the FWD system increased tractor wheel slip and soil compaction. In addition, increasing soil moisture content resulted in an increase in soil compaction, and this event was intense in fine soils like clay loam. It was found that adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) higher potential to predict the effect of multiple input variables on soil compaction (R2 =0.99) than regression method. According to the standard coefficients of regression models, depth, type of driving system, number of passes, moisture content, texture, speed, and inflation pressure were the factors significantly influencing soil bulk density, respectively.

Assessment of vegetation, soil nutrient dynamics and heavy metals in the Prosopis juliflora invaded lands at semi-arid regions of Southern India

Prosopis juliflora is one among the dominant invasive plant species widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The invasion inflicts varying degrees of ecological implications, albeit certain socio-economic benefits are being derived by the local community. In Southern India, the vast semi-arid plains lying east of the Western Ghats mountain range, has ideally favored extensive invasion of P.juliflora. In last three decades, the invasion had spread to the pasture and arable lands that are lying disconnected from the mainstream irrigation system. Therefore, in the context of worsening food security, ecological imbalance, increasing soil degradation and the climate change, the prospects of converting the P.juliflora invaded lands to silivicultural/agricultural activity has been envisaged as a viable alternative. In this scenario, present study is an imperative attempt to understand the coexisting vegetation, soil nutrient profile and heavy metal concentrations in the P.juliflora invaded lands at Tiruchirappalli and Pudukkottai regions of Southern India. Composite soil samples were collected from 60 sites (spread across 4800 km2 including urban–rural gradient) at the depths 0 – 10, 10 – 20, and 20–30 cm. The influence of P.juliflora stand density, litter fall, species diversity, soil texture on the soil physico-chemical properties including soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available macro nutrients (N, P and K), organic carbon and heavy metals [Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb] were investigated. The results revealed considerable enrichment of macronutrients in the invaded lands, in contrast to non-invaded lands (p < 0.001***). Of the observed attributes, step wise regression indicated stand density and litter fall as prominent factors (R = 0.7903 and 0.6479 respectively) augmenting soil macro nutrients. In the case of heavy metals, observations along the urban–rural gradient indicated comparatively lower concentrations of heavy metals in the P.juliflora invaded lands of urban areas, hinting the possible of bio-sorption capacity of P.juliflora. Overall, the results infer an optimistic note for potential conversion of the P.juliflora invaded lands to silivicultural maneuvers, prioritizing the native flora.

Creatinine-to-body weight ratio is a predictor of incident diabetes: a population-based retrospective cohort study

PurposeCreatinine to body weight (Cre/BW) ratio is considered the independent risk factor for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but research on this relationship is limited. The relationship between the Cre/BW ratio and T2DM among Chinse individuals is still ambiguous. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the Cre/BW ratio and the risk of T2DM in the Chinese population.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study from a prospectively collected database. We included a total of 200,658 adults free of T2DM at baseline. The risk of incident T2DM according to Cre/BW ratio was estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, and a two-piece wise linear regression model was developed to find out the threshold effect.ResultsWith a median follow-up of 3.13 ± 0.94 years, a total of 4001 (1.99%) participants developed T2DM. Overall, there was an L-shaped relation of Cre/BW ratio with the risk of incident T2DM (P for non-linearity < 0.001). When the Cre/BW ratio (× 100) was less than 0.86, the risk of T2DM decreased significantly as the Cre/BW ratio increased [0.01 (0.00, 0.10), P < 0.001]. When the Cre/BW ratio (× 100) was between 0.86 and 1.36, the reduction in the risk of developing T2DM was not as significant as before [0.22 (0.12, 0.38), P < 0.001]. In contrast, when the Cre/BW ratio (× 100) was greater than 1.36, the reduction in T2DM incidence became significantly flatter than before [0.73 (0.29,1.8), P = 0.49].ConclusionThere was an L-shaped relation of Cre/BW ratio with incidence of T2DM in general Chinese adults. A negative curvilinear association between Cre/BW ratio and incident T2DM was present, with a saturation effect predicted at 0.86 and 1.36 of Cre/BW ratio (× 100).

Relationship Between Cognition and Gait at 2- and 12-Months Post-Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: A common and debilitating challenge experienced by people with TBI is gait-associated mobility impairment and persisting cognitive impairments. Cognitive and physical impairments are often addressed independently during rehabilitation, however, increasing evidence links cognitive and motor processes more closely.Objectives: (1) To determine if correlations exist between measures of cognitive and gait recovery, post-TBI. (2) To investigate the predictive power of cognition at 2-months on gait outcomes at 12-months post-TBI.Methods: In this secondary, longitudinal study of cognitive and neural recovery, data from 93 participants admitted to an inpatient neurorehabilitation program were analyzed. Spatiotemporal gait variables [velocity, step time variability (STV), step length variability (SLV)] were collected along with cognitive variables [Trail Making Test-B (TMT-B), Digit Span-Forward (DS-F)]. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated between gait and cognitive variables. Multilinear and step wise regression analyses were calculated to determine predictive value of cognitive variables at 2-months on gait performance at 12-months-post TBI.Results: At 2-months post-injury, TMT-B was significantly correlated with gait velocity and STV; and DS-F was significantly correlated with velocity. At 12-months post-injury, TMT-B and DS-F was still significant correlated with velocity. TMT-B at 2-months was correlated with SLV and STV at 12-months; and DS-F correlated significantly with velocity. Regression models showed TMT-B at 2-months predicting STV, SLV, and velocity at 12-months.Conclusions: Significant associations and predictions between physical and cognitive recovery post-TBI were observed in this study. Future directions may consider a “neural internetwork” model as a salient rehabilitation approach in TBI that integrates physical and cognitive functions.

Weather based pest forewarning models for mealybug infestation in Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora)

&#x0D; An investigation was carried out to study the effect of weather parameters on mealybug infestation in Robusta coffee and to develop forewarning model using 39 years (1977 to 2015) pest data on mealy bug damage in coffee plantations collected at Regional Coffee Research Station, Chundale, Wayanad district of Kerala were recorded at fortnightly intervals during 1977 to 2015 (39 years). The results revealed that mealybug infestation was found to vary with season and also year to year. Fruit setting and budding stages of coffee were severely damaged by mealy bug. Analysis indicated that annually, average damage due to mealy bug was 6.4 per cent and ranged between 5.4 per cent in 1984 to 9.7 per cent in 2011. The mealybug damage was maximum during summer season and lowest during South-West Monsoon (June-September) season. Season wise regression models were developed using data up to 2013 for forewarning per cent damage of mealy bug and validated for 2014 and 2015. The model for summer season mealybug damage has maximum R2=0.79 which can be used for operational forecasting of mealy bug damage.&#x0D;

The Effect of Liquidity and Capital Structure on Organization Performance: Evidence from Banking Sector

This study title as Effect of liquidity and capital structure on Financial Performance: Evidence from Banking Sector. This study investigates Effect of liquidity and capital structure on Financial Performance in banking sector. The study was conducted using 10 banks as a sample out of 64 banks in the Pakistan. The results were obtained using correlation and step wise regression to know the direction, association and impact of variables and the effects of liquidity and capital structure on performance. The result found that liquidity and capital structure affects the performance positively in banking sector. Therefore it is suggested that banks should exercise such practice. All the hypotheses developed for this study has been achieved through the analysis of this research study

Deterministic compressed sensing LFM radar for range-Doppler estimation of multiple moving targets

In this paper, delay and Doppler parameters of multiple moving targets are estimated by exploring Compressed Sensing (CS) which enables the reconstruction of a sparse signal from a small set of measurements. No Side lobes appear with CS and hence no false alarms can occur. Also closely spaced targets could be detected with high resolution than traditional Matched Filter (MF). Deterministic DFT measurement matrix is employed, that is multiplied with the received echo signal and down sampled to obtain compressed measurements. For this deterministic sub-sampling is done by choosing first m rows rather than random selection of rows (random sub-sampling), so that matrix can be regenerated during reconstruction without the necessity for storage. Reconstruction algorithm Step Wise regression using False Discovery Rate (SWFDR) stopping rule could effectively optimize noise that leads to reduction in storage space and high rate ADC requirement drastically even in the presence of noise.

The Knowledge Level of the Fish Farm Owners Related to the Technical Recommendations on the foundations of Fish Farming in Rashed and Edko district – Behiera Governorate

This study was primarily aimed at prospective role of agricultural extension in the field of fish farming in Rashed and Edko district in Behiera Governorate. The questionnaire was used in a personal interview to update the field data from the 200 research samples from the owners of community fish farms in Rashed and Edko district. The data were collected in more than one year, and statistical methods used percentages, frequency and relative distribution tables, arithmetic means, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, and multiple Step Wise regression coefficient using Spss program. The most important results were as follows: - 49.5% of researchers had a low overall level of knowledge, compared with 39,5% had an average overall level of knowledge, while 11% had a high overall level of knowledge. There is no doubt that the general level of knowledge of the researchers may affect the amount of production from these farms. - The most important problems facing the researchers are the high costs of establishing a fish farm, followed by the lack of physical capacity of the farmers. The low price of fish in marketing, the lack of an independent financial source to finance the fish farming process, frequent problems with taxation, high rent prices for fish land, unclear role of extension in the development and development of fish farms for the establishment of extension farms; The absence of the vital role of the Public Authority for the Development of Fish Resources, the failure to supply extension publications to farmers; Lack of inputs, difficulty in obtaining good crops, the appearance of many diseases in fish during breeding. water scarcity and lack of availability throughout the year, lack of water for fish farming. low feed quality, high feed price, low fish harvest, and finally no intensive farming systems in farming.

Day Time Sleepiness and Quality of Life Predicts Perceived Stress among Youth

The aim of the current study was to examine the predictive strength of Perceived Stress among Youth. The variables used in the current study were Day Time Sleepiness, Quality of Life and Perceived Stress. The sample consists of 150 Youth (81Male &amp; 69 Female) with in age range of 18-24 years. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) (Johns, 1991), World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHO-BRIEF), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (Cohen, Kamarck, &amp; Mermelstein, 1983) were used. The data were analysed by using descriptive statistics i.e. Mean and SD, Pearson’s Product Moment correlation and step wise multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that Day Time Sleepiness (r = .56, p&lt;.001) and Quality of Life (r = .52, p&lt;.001) have significant positive relation with Perceived Stress among Youth. The step wise regression analysis found Day Time Sleepiness (R2 = .31, p&lt;.001) and Psychological Health related Quality of Life (R2 = .39, p&lt;.001) are the predictors of Perceived Stress. Both the variable accounts 39% of total variance in Perceived Stress among Youth.