Wisconsin Age Research Articles

Pleistocene of part of northeastern Wisconsin

The portion of northeastern Wisconsin discussed comprises that portion of the Green Bay lobe which lies north of the district described by Alden (1918), west of Lake Winnebago, Fox River, and Green Bay, and a portion of the Langlade lobe to the northwest. Outside of the drift which is bordered by the terminal moraine, long recognized as of Wisconsin age, is a thin, patchy drift almost devoid of glacial topography. Although this drift was long called “old” or “pre-Wisconsin” it is now thought that most, if not all, the extra-morainic deposits are Iowan, although some may be Illinoian. The Wisconsin drift is divisible into deposits of the Cary and Valders substages. The name Valders is proposed in this paper because of the uncertainty of former correlations across the brush- and forest-covered region around Lake Superior. The survey was a detailed reconnaissance. Every practicable effort was made to use both the criteria of topography and of material in the mapping. Aerial photographs were used throughout much of the area. Attention was devoted to the geochemical relations of the drifts to ground, stream, and lake waters. Some attention was also directed to the mechanical composition of the glacial and aqueo-glacial deposits. The history of glacial dissipation is illustrated with a series of block diagram maps. The glacial lake of the Fox-Wolf valley is renamed Glacial Lake Oshkosh.

Glaciation in the Wasatch Plateau, Utah

The Wasatch Plateau, northernmost of the High Plateaus of Utah, was occupied by Pleistocene glaciers. The plateau is a high, rugged mass, deeply dissected. In the glaciated areas the bedrock formations are sandstone, shale, and limestone of late Cretaceous and early Tertiary age. Here, in general, the rocks lie nearly flat, but they are cut by systems of normal faults among which graben are prominent. The drainage system evolved in this bedrock setting gave rise to a geomorphic foundation on which a somewhat unusual group of glacial phenomena developed. The largest group of glaciers issued eastward from deep canyons in the main western body of the plateau into a north-south graben valley, where they coalesced to form large, sheetlike compound moraines. The cirques and other erosional evidences of the glaciation are similar to those usual in the Cordilleran region excepting peculiarities of outline produced by the flat-lying, slightly resistant sedimentary rocks of the plateau, as contrasted with the usual mountain assemblage of strongly disturbed hard rocks. The glaciers were localized, in part independently of altitude, probably in large part because of snow distribution similar to that of today. The glaciation was clearly later than most of the faulting in the plateau, but in the central and southern parts some faulting has occurred since. All moraines so far recognized are unmistakably Wisconsin in age. There is no evidence of older glaciation comparable to that in the nearby Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, where pre-Wisconsin ice was more extensive than the Wisconsin; this raises questions that are only partly answered.

Weathered Zones and Glacial Chronology in Southern Indiana

The Illinoian drift of southern Indiana has been leached of its calcium carbonate to an average depth of 158 inches. The depth of leaching in the Wisconsin drift varies from about 4 1/2 feet along the Shelbyville moraine to 3 feet along the Bloomington moraine. Fifty-nine localities were found where calcareous Wisconsin drift, loess, or lake silt rests upon leached Illinoian drift. Measurements at these localities indicate an average leaching of 6 feet during the Sangamon interglacial stage. From 4 to 5 feet of gumbo til were formed upon the Illinoian drift during Sangamon time. This compares closely with the amount of gumbotil formed to the west of Indiana, but leaching did not penetrate to so great a depth in Indiana as elsewhere. This may have been due to lower relief and higher water table in Indiana during Sangamon time than in the states west of Indiana. Comparison of the weathering of the silts in southwestern Indiana shows the presence there of local loess and lake silt of Illinoian age and extensive loess and lake silt of Wisconsin age. The main body of loess in Indiana is the equivalent of the Peorian loess to the west. Within the Tazewell drift area two loesses occur which are the equivalents of the Tazewell and Iowan loesses of Illinois. Extensive lake silt of Wisconsin age occurs along the tributaries of the Wabash and Ohio rivers. The ponding of these tributaries was due to the deposition of an extensive valley train along the lower Wabash, while it acted as a sluiceway for the Wisconsin ice sheet. An estimate of 135,000 years is made for the duration of the Sangamon interglacial stage in southern Indiana. The Tazewell drift in Indiana has probably been undergoing leaching for at least 45,000 years.

Foraminifera of submarine cores from the continental slope

Research Article| September 01, 1939 Foraminifera of submarine cores from the continental slope FRED B PHLEGER, JR. FRED B PHLEGER, JR. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1939) 50 (9): 1395–1422. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-50-1395 Article history received: 03 Mar 1939 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation FRED B PHLEGER; Foraminifera of submarine cores from the continental slope. GSA Bulletin 1939;; 50 (9): 1395–1422. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-50-1395 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract The foraminiferal fauna in more than 35 submarine cores, collected by H. C. Stetson from the continental slope of the western North Atlantic, have been examined to determine the areal and vertical extent of present and previous assemblages. Below the present fauna, recorded at the top of the cores, there is a widely distributed fauna of Arctic to sub-Arctic aspect not now living in this area. This fauna is similar to the one reported from the Georges Bank canyons and from a core in this area, and is identified by Cushman as Pleistocene. This Pleistocene fauna is probably of Wisconsin age, since it lies directly beneath the present fauna. At the western edge of the basin of the North Atlantic ocean, beyond the continental slope, two Arctic faunas have been recognized below the Recent assemblage and are separated by a pelagic warm-water fauna typical of the present Gulf Stream region. This may represent two Pleistocene stages or it may indicate separate maxima of the last stage.In a few cores a foraminiferal fauna is recorded a short distance beneath the surface in which pelagic types characteristic of warm surface water are considerably more abundant than in the present-day assemblage. This suggests a possibility of a postglacial shift in warm surface water areas.New information concerning distribution suggests that water temperature may be the most important regulating factor in the occurrence of many Foraminifera. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Evidence of Multiple Glaciation in the Northern Part of Yellowstone National Park

Multiple glaciation is evident in the north-central part of Yellowstone National Park; probably the youngest Pleistocene is Wisconsin in age. The valley formerly occupied by Lava Creek is pre-Wisconsin in age, and it has undergone little modification since that time. The valley contains old, deeply weathered granitic glacial boulders overlain by patches of fresh drift. During early Pleistocene time, Lava Creek occupied the valley between the Gardiner River and Blacktail Deer Creek and drained northward into the Yellowstone River. It has abandoned the pre-Wisconsin channel and drains into the Gardiner River at the west end of the old valley. This change was brought about by an ice lobe from the Lamar River region, probably in late Pleistocene time.

Recent geologic studies on Long Island with respect to ground-water supplies

Recent studies have shown that relatively impermeable clay beds are widespread on Long Island but that erosion channels cutting through them permit restricted recharge of the underlying beds in some parts of the island. Of the more than 200,000,000 gallons of water a day now pumped from wells, about 65 per cent. comes from the surficial beds of Illinoian or Wisconsin age. Because of the restricted recharge of the lower beds and the desirability of saving these beds for use in localities where the upper beds may more easily be contaminated by salt water, any future large developments of ground water should be drawn from the surficial beds.

Age as a Factor in the Development of Resistance of the Chicken to the Effects of the Protozoan Parasite, Eimeria tenella

C. E. HOLMES Department of Poultry Husbandry, University of Wisconsin Age has for many years been recognized as an important factor in the resistance of animals to the development and effects of their parasites. The work of Ransom (I92I) showed that young chickens were quite susceptible to infection with Syngamus trachea and were seriously affected by the infection whereas older chickens were refractory to infection. Herrick (1925) showed that the chicken became increasingly a more unsuitable host for the development of Ascaridia lineata as it increased in age. Johnson (I923) was of the opinion that age was an important factor in the resistance of chickens to coccidiosis and in his later work (I928) states, Young fowls infected with a large number for the first infection regularly die with the disease. This is more especially true of growing stock. Older fowls may show considerable bleeding and recover. . .. Tyzzer (I932) infected chickens with E. tenella when 6, 33, 50, and 7I days old. The resultant mortality was respectively 50, 37.5, 5o, and 100 per cent. He explained the greater susceptibility of the older chickens on a mechanical rather than a humoral basis. Mayhew (I934) concludes from his work that age is not a factor in the development of resistance of chickens to coccidiosis. Stafseth (193I) pointed out that older chickens were infectable but were more resistant to the effects of the parasites than were younger chickens. Many references might be cited, but from these studies there is evidently a difference of opinion regarding the importance of age as a factor in the resistance of the chicken to coccidiosis. In order to obtain further evidence on this point chickens of various ages kept under carefully controlled conditions were infected and studied throughout the course of the infection.

Certain Peculiar Eskers and Esker Lakes of Northeastern Indiana

Previous articleNext article FreeCertain Peculiar Eskers and Esker Lakes of Northeastern IndianaCharles R. DryerCharles R. Dryer Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Geology Volume 9, Number 2Feb. - Mar., 1901 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/620888 Views: 48Total views on this site Citations: 2Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Jasper Knight, Wishart A. Mitchell, James Rose Geomorphological Field Mapping, (Jan 2011): 151–187.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53446-0.00006-9Denis Levasseur Les eskers : essai de synthèse bibliographique, Géographie physique et Quaternaire 49, no.33 (Nov 2007): 459–479.https://doi.org/10.7202/033066ar

Traces of Ancient Glaciers in the White Mountains of New Hampshire

Next article FreeTraces of Ancient Glaciers in the White Mountains of New HampshireGeorge L. VoseGeorge L. Vose Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The American Naturalist Volume 2, Number 6Aug., 1868 Published for The American Society of Naturalists Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/270242 Views: 81Total views on this site Citations: 2Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Brian K. Fowler Pre-Late Wisconsinan age for part of the glaciolacustrine stratigraphy, lower Peabody valley, northern White Mountains, Gorham, New Hampshire, Géographie physique et Quaternaire 53, no.11 (Oct 2002): 109–116.https://doi.org/10.7202/004817arWoodrow B. Thompson History of research on glaciation in the White Mountains, New Hampshire (U.S.A.), Géographie physique et Quaternaire 53, no.11 (Oct 2002): 7–24.https://doi.org/10.7202/004879ar