Wire System Research Articles

Disposable 5 Lead Cable and Lead Wire System

Disposable 5 Lead Cable and Lead Wire System

Defect Trends in Fire Alarm Systems: A Basis for Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) Approaches

This article presents a comprehensive statistical evaluation of defect frequency in fire alarm systems under real operating conditions, focusing on risk-based factors. The aim is not to introduce a complete RBI approach but rather to assess defect trends that can inform future RBI-based inspection strategies. The study categorizes and evaluates defects by frequency, particularly examining components such as cable and wire systems, acoustic signal devices, and the impact of detector contamination. These findings establish a foundation for developing tailored risk-based inspection and predictive maintenance strategies. A three-stage explanatory research design was employed, analyzing 4629 inspection reports with findings verified through expert surveys and cross-sample analysis. Results indicate that certain components, including acoustic devices and detectors, exhibit a significant increase in defects after 10 years, especially under challenging environmental conditions. Additionally, while ring bus technology supports less frequent functional testing, cable and wire systems require heightened attention in the early operational years. The study also identifies statistically significant trends and their potential for application to a broader system population, supporting enhanced RBI-based maintenance practices. These insights contribute to refining current maintenance approaches and offer practical recommendations for optimizing inspection routines based on risk factors. The article does not propose a system overhaul but lays essential groundwork for further research and improvement in fire alarm system reliability through targeted, risk-informed practices.

Smart Sensor Placement For Thermal Monitoring Of Concrete

Structural health monitoring (SHM) has become an inevitable part in a life span of a structure due to its potential to ensure the public safety and to increase the life span of the structure. Monitoring any kind of structures for various parameters, using wireless smart sensors has gained popularity in recent past. This paper discusses the development of low cost real time wireless smart sensor monitoring system to monitor early age concrete temperature in real time. Temperature of two early age concrete mixes (Mix1, Mix2) were measured in real time for 24 hours by using DS18B20 sensors connected with the Node Mc u, which is an open source IOT platform. Temperature measurements were saved and visualized in real time using Thing Speak TM which is an open IoT online platform with MATLAB analytics. The temperature sensor DS18B20 was selected such that it is suitable to measure temperature readings of the concrete without any interference of the chemical reactions in concrete. Calibration methods and temperature variation with different concrete mixes are also discussed. It could be seen that the wireless temperature monitoring system performed adequately and it can be considered as a better low cost alternative for traditional wired temperature monitoring system.

Effect of structural parameters, and spin-orbit interaction on the electronic properties of double quantum wire systems in the presence of external magnetic field

Effect of structural parameters, and spin-orbit interaction on the electronic properties of double quantum wire systems in the presence of external magnetic field

Wireless Powered Surface Acoustic Wave Platform for Achieving Integrated Functions of Fogging/Icing Protection and Monitoring.

In this study, we introduced an integrated approach using piezoelectric thin film-based surface acoustic wave (SAW) and wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies, designed for both passive monitoring and active defogging/icing functions. We systematically investigated the resonant frequency shifts of ZnO/glass SAW devices, establishing their correlations with variations in humidity and temperature under cold conditions. Acoustic waves generated through the ZnO/glass SAW device were used for defogging and deicing functions with effects of RF powers and acousto-heating thoroughly evaluated. More significantly, the WPT system was successfully applied for achieving defogging and deicing functions, with its performance comparable to that of conventional wired SAW systems. Our findings demonstrated that the WPT SAW system significantly minimizes localized acousto-heating effects, although the time taken for both defogging and deicing was slightly longer than the wired system. This work represents a significant advancement in developing multifunctional, optically compatible, and wireless-integrated solutions for SAW based ice protection.

Usability evaluation of a smart upper limb rehabilitation exercise device for individuals with disabilities.

User-friendly rehabilitation exercise devices can enhance health and quality of life through the convergence of information communication and medical technology. The development of rehabilitation exercise devices accessible to individuals with disabilities is important. We aimed to investigate the convenience, safety, and effectiveness of the developed rehabilitation exercise device for individuals with disabilities. A usability evaluation of the developed rehabilitation exercise device was conducted with five rehabilitation exercise experts and six athletes with disabilities using a questionnaire, the reliability of the revised questionnaire was r=0.87. Qualitative analysis was conducted using semistructured interviews following the testing of the upper limb rehabilitation exercise device by the two user groups. In the usability evaluation survey of the developed rehabilitation exercise device, the results were very positive, with an overall score of 4.25 out of 5. The highest score was assigned to the convenience of the device, followed by the effectiveness of the exercise and the safety of the device. The developed rehabilitation exercise device allows for three types of strength improvement exercises, including isometric, isokinetic, and isotonic exercises, all within a single device. Given that it is constructed with a wire system, it can be adapted to various exercise methods, depending on the type of disability. The device can be used by both nondisabled and disabled individuals, allowing for various exercise methods. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed device is highly versatile and practical.

Effect of salinity-clay variation on the transient magnetic field in the Quaternary aquifer, theoretically and practically

This study focuses on understanding the physical foundations of the transient electromagnetic method, such as the transition from a simple basic principle to a more complex principle, starting from the Biot-Savart law until the current concept. It calculates the steady and transient magnetic fields around any electrical wire system. Accordingly, this law will be used to determine the magnetic field around the square loop configuration, which matches the magnetic field arising from the circular loop configuration. The square loop equation was derived and extended to include changes in the half-space, which allows us to understand how the electromagnetic waves travel in the subsurface and the farthest point, that can record the TEM response from the TEM loop, according to the loop size and loop current. Accordingly, the deduced equations were applied to predict the transient magnetic field curves of the Quaternary aquifer in three different water zones along the Nile delta, depending on the values of resistivity and chargeability caused by the variations in salinity and clay contents. The calculated transient magnetic curves were then compared with other measured field curves to confirm the validity of the derived equations. Therefore, these curves are expected to be used as guide curves for the transient magnetic field response in this aquifer. Also, these curves are important in estimating the hydro-geophysical characteristics of the main groundwater aquifer in the selected area and in other areas with the same geologic and hydrogeologic settings. Also, a common model is presented for any delta environment in the world in measured and calculated data.

Ensemble Kalman inversion for image guided guide wire navigation in vascular systems

This paper addresses the challenging task of guide wire navigation in cardiovascular interventions, focusing on the parameter estimation of a guide wire system using Ensemble Kalman Inversion (EKI) with a subsampling technique. The EKI uses an ensemble of particles to estimate the unknown quantities. However, since the data misfit has to be computed for each particle in each iteration, the EKI may become computationally infeasible in the case of high-dimensional data, e.g. high-resolution images. This issue can been addressed by randomised algorithms that utilize only a random subset of the data in each iteration. We introduce and analyse a subsampling technique for the EKI, which is based on a continuous-time representation of stochastic gradient methods and apply it to on the parameter estimation of our guide wire system. Numerical experiments with real data from a simplified test setting demonstrate the potential of the method.

EKF-MME-Based Temperature Estimation Method for Hydraulic Brake by Wire System

EKF-MME-Based Temperature Estimation Method for Hydraulic Brake by Wire System

A Method for the Short-Circuit Protection of an Outdoor DC Power Bus Wiring System

A Method for the Short-Circuit Protection of an Outdoor DC Power Bus Wiring System

Analysis of the Parameters of an Ecological Power Supply Wire System for Moving and Stabilising the Position of a Floating Dock

Analysis of the Parameters of an Ecological Power Supply Wire System for Moving and Stabilising the Position of a Floating Dock

Spin-selective transport in a correlated double quantum dot-Majorana wire system

In this work we investigate the spin-dependent transport through a double quantum dot embedded in a ferromagnetic tunnel junction and side attached to a topological superconducting nanowire hosting Majorana zero-energy modes. We focus on the transport regime when the Majorana mode leaks into the double quantum dot competing with the two-stage Kondo effect and the ferromagnetic-contact-induced exchange field. In particular, we determine the system’s spectral properties and analyze the temperature dependence of the spin-resolved linear conductance by means of the numerical renormalization group method. Our study reveals unique signatures of the interplay between the spin-resolved tunneling, the Kondo effect and the Majorana modes, which are visible in the transport characteristics. In particular, we uncover a competing character of the coupling to topological superconductor and that to ferromagnetic leads, which can be observed already for very low spin polarization of the electrodes. This is signaled by an almost complete quenching of the conductance in one of the spin channels which is revealed through perfect conductance spin polarization. Moreover, we show that the conductance spin polarization can change sign depending on the magnitude of spin imbalance in the leads and strength of interaction with topological wire. Thus, our work demonstrates that even minuscule spin polarization of tunneling processes can have large impact on the transport properties of the system.

Control of D-Statcom in Appropriation Framework Involving ANFIS for Further Developing Power Quality

This paper introduces an intelligent controller designed for the optimal operation of a D-STATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) utilizing the ANFIS. In primary focus is improve the power quality within a 3 phase, four wire system. And distribution of fortifying and overall consistency. Then the ANFIS controller in-corporates fuzzy logic’s, devices are applied in “adaptive network framework”. To use the ANFIS method are established and using the MATLAB Simulink software. D-STATCOM, featuring a VSI and a DC side capacitance, excels in reactive power compensation and harmonic mitigation, even when subjected to dynamic load conditions and advice of the DC link capacitor V, the proposed ANFIS controller generates a compensation current reference. This reference adequately addresses the reactive power requirements imposed by nonlinear loads, ensuring the maintenance of DC voltage regulation. Through comprehensive simulation results, it is evident that the ANFIS controller surpasses in providing superior harmonic compensation and robust DC link voltage regulation under varying operating conditions. This research contributes to the advancement of intelligent control strategies for enhancing power quality and reliability in distribution systems.

Study of the Simulation and Application of the PEEC Method for Modeling the Prediction of Emissions Radiated by the Onboard Electronic Wiring System

The coexistence of electronic power and control systems in the same box presents a serious threat to the proper functioning of electronic systems integrated into automobiles, aeronautics and space. Thus, managing the electromagnetic compatibility of these systems constitutes a challenge, particularly given electromagnetic phenomena. This paper describes a simulation study and application of the partial element equivalent circuit method to model the prediction of radiated emissions from the onboard electronic cable system. In this article, we first explain the use of the partial cell equivalent circuit modeling method, then describe its mathematical formulation and introduce the different electromagnetic phenomena it considers in connection with wiring, then propose radiation calculations electromagnetic as a function of the geometry of the discrete cells taking into account the increase in frequency. The goal is to get as close to the structure as possible. To balance the accuracy and speed of the proposed method, we replaced the partial capacities with the equivalent capacities so as to considerably minimize the number of capacities, the complexity of the system and the computational time requirement. This option adapts the partial element equivalent circuit method to the study of larger structures such as cable structures and provides an efficient and rapid way to simulate electromagnetic radiation. To achieve this objective, we have associated the physical laws of electromagnetic wave propagation with the method of modeling equivalent circuits using partial elements because it is easy to manipulate flat surfaces and cables. 2D simulations based on the proposed models were developed as well as the verification of the consistency of the different models, by comparing the fractal dimensions of the program results with those of the figures obtained experimentally.

Pulsed-Mode Magnetic Field Measurements with a Single Stretched Wire System.

In synchrotrons, accurate knowledge of the magnetic field generated by bending dipole magnets is essential to ensure beam stability. Measurement campaigns are necessary to characterize the field. The choice of the measurement method for such campaigns is determined by the combination of magnet dimensions and operating conditions and typically require a trade-off between accuracy and versatility. The single stretched wire (SSW) is a well-known, polyvalent method to measure the integral field of magnets having a wide range of geometries. It, however, requires steady-state excitation. This work presents a novel implementation of this method called pulsed SSW, which allows the system to measure rapidly time-varying magnetic fields, as is often needed, to save power or gain beam time. We first introduce the measurement principle of the pulsed SSW, followed by a combined strategy to calculate the absolute magnetic field by incorporating the classic DC SSW method. Using a bending magnet from the Proton Synchrotron Booster located at the European Organization for Nuclear Research as a case study, we validate the pulsed SSW method and compare its dynamic measurement capabilities to a fixed induction coil, showing thereby how the coil calibration must be adjusted according to the field level. Finally, we assess the method's measurement accuracy using the standard SSW as a reference and present an analysis of the primary noise contributors.

A Study of Directionality Effects in Three-Beam Coaxial Titanium Wire-Based Laser Metal Deposition.

Coaxial wire-based laser metal deposition is a versatile and efficient additive process that can achieve a high deposition rate in the manufacturing of complex structures. In this paper, a three-beam coaxial wire system is studied, with particular attention given to the effects of the deposition direction and laser beam orientation on the resulting bead geometry symmetry. With the three-beam laser delivery, the laser spot pattern is not always symmetric with respect to the deposition direction. Single titanium beads are deposited in different directions and at varying deposition rates, and the bead profile is quantitatively scored for multiple symmetry measures. Through an analysis of variance, the deposition direction and deposition rate were found to be insignificant with respect to the resulting bead symmetry for the developed measures. The bead symmetry and geometry are important factors in determining if a build is free of critical defects, and in this study, it is shown that the three-beam coaxial wire deposition setup is a directionally independent process.

Development of Mini Silk Screen Printing Machine

The research aims to develop and design a mini semi-automatic screen-printing system that can be easily controlled. The objectives of this project are to create a suitable design for the mini semi-auto screen printing system and to develop it accordingly. The type of study conducted is the development of a real project, which is the production of a mini silk screen printing machine. The development of this project involves 4 phases: design and fabrication phase, motor wiring system, mould production and testing process. In this project, a mechanical setup will be created to execute the printing process. This setup will include a conveyor mechanism to hold the paper, a lifting arrangement, a wiping setup, and cutters. To control the printing operation and semi-automate the screen-printing setup, a power panel will be utilized. The setup will encompass a control system and a motion system, which will consist of a gear assembly and servo motors. The testing conducted is the functional process of the system regarding machine operation. As a conclusion, the development of mini silk screen printing successfully develops for student in Mechanical Engineering Department in POLIMAS. Keywords: Silk screen printing, printing process, control system

The Impact of a Strong Electromagnetic Wave on the Quantum Hall Effect in Cylindrical Quantum Wires

The impact of strong electromagnetic waves Hall effect is studied theoretically in a Cylindrical Quantum Wire (CQW) with infinitely high potential inside the wire and elsewhere subjected to a dc electric field , a magnetic field and a laser radiation . By using the quantum kinetic equation method for electrons interacting with Acoustic Phonon (AP) at low temperatures, we obtain analytical expressions for the conductivity tensor and the Hall Coefficient (HC), which are different from in comparison to those obtained for a rectangular quantum wire (RQW) or two-dimensional (2D) electron systems. Numerical calculations are also applied for GaAs/GaAsAl CQW to show the nonlinear dependence of the HC on the electromagnetic wave (EMW) frequency, and the radius, the length characteristic parameters of CQW. Wave function and energy spectrum in a CQW are dissiminar to those in Quantum Wires (QWs). Therefore, all numerical results are different from those in the case of QWs. The most important result is that the HC reaches saturation as the radius, the length of CQW or the EMW frequency increases.

A comparative study based on control system for a pulse detonation engine

Pulse Detonation Engine has been a point of interest in the propulsion industry for some time and the interest has been rising due to its better output and results. But any system can perform its task efficiently based on the efficiency of its control system. In this paper we have presented a comparative study between multiple control systems- one based on Bluetooth technology, the other based on infrared sensor technology and one based on wired electrical system. For the wireless system, the signal received from either of the media is passed to the various sensors and systems connected through an Arduino board that further controls the solenoid valves and ignition system. Primarily, a control system circuit is developed using Arduino board and different sensors to connect the fuel supply and ignition system. In the next stage, Bluetooth sensors are connected using an android app and then an infrared sensor based system is integrated with the Arduino to control the engine and the performance of the two systems are compared. Whereas for wired system, every sub system is controlled through optical wires including the solenoid valves, the injection system and the sensors.

THE EVALUATION OF SMART FISHING LAMPS AND THE INITIATION OF CO-OPERATIVES CONCEPT

The use of LEDs in fishing operations has been increasing due to the reduction of fuel consumption and fuel can be replaced by the renewable energy sources, for example solar and seawater energy, which is easy to obtain, cheap, and does not produce waste that harms the environment. The objective of this community development is to test the newly designed smart lamp powered by seawater, and to disseminate the concept of cooperation. The methods used were assistance and coaching in the implementation of the smart lamp and seminars on cooperative concepts. The seawater battery lamp showed stable performance in the voltage range of 2.5 V - 4.5 V within 2 hours of fishing operation. the results of SONAR observations showed that fish began to approach under 10 minutes and gathered at 45 minutes with depths ranging from 1-4 meters. The lamp powered by the fuel oil powered generator is significantly brighter than the lamp powered by saltwater batteries. Some recommendation arises including the necessity for an alternative to zinc as a durable electrode, reduced tool size dimensions, a rust-resistant wire system, fewer cells in one battery unit, brighter lighting, and a more compact tool form design. The catches from both locations are also quite similar, including squid, cuttlefish, crab, and anchovies. The dissemination concept of cooperative social entrepreneurship, were effective shown by the score of intention after the seminar which is increased by 40%. It was recommended to accelerate the establishment of cooperatives to improve the level of living. This community development activities are considered very useful and fishermen in Palabuhan Ratu and Karang antu Serang.