Wireless USB Research Articles

Analisis Performa Dalam Jaringan Ad-Hoc (Studi Kasus: PT. Trimitra Usaha Sejahtera)

An ad-hoc network is a topology that directly connects a wireless network between end users to other end users without using other connected devices. For example, a network between a computer and another computer uses wireless transmission media. The interface used is a wireless card or wireless USB or other end user network device. The implementation of this particular topology is very convenient and very easy because it does not require much configuration, just create an adhoc network as a station on one of the computers and then configure the IP address. This research aims to see the performance produced when there is a delay, and throughput to see stable results, this method uses NDLC (Network Devlopment Life Cycle) to analyze the resulting performance with QOS (Quality Of Service) parameters for calculating results according to TIPHON (Telecommunication) standards and internet protocol hormoneization over network) 5.5% to 100% good results with this stability (data sharing and communication carried out in the office with predetermined bandwidth management so that it can be used according to the required capacity experiences quite different changes so that the resulting performance is appropriate or not too far from the standard results with 3.5% and 5.5% which is much more stable for the resulting performance.

A Koch Fractal Octagonal Antenna with a Compact Design and Defected Ground Structure (DGS) for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Wireless Usage.

This paper introduces a Koch fractal octagonal antenna designed for the Ultrawideband (UWB) Frequency range. The utilization of the Koch fractal in the antenna design contributes to size reduction as well as provides compactness in the antenna for UWB. Additionally, it has been noted that the Koch fractal offers wideband operation. The antenna employs copper as the conductor material, and Flame Retardant-4 (FR4) serves as the substrate. The substrate has a dielectric constant ϵr=4.4, a loss tangent tanδ=0.02, and a thickness (h) of 1.6 mm. The overall antenna’s dimensions are 34.3 × 26.5 × 1.6 or electrical dimensions represent as 0.68λ0 × 0.53λ0 × 0.032λ0 . It achieves a maximum gain of 8.94 dBi at a frequency of 12.25 GHz, offering a broad bandwidth ranging from 2 GHz to 12.1 GHz.This antenna exhibits resonance at three distinct frequencies, namely 3.3 GHz, 6 GHz, and 8.6 GHz, making it highly efficient with an overall efficiency of 96.8%. The time domain characteristic is acceptable for UWB, group delay is 1.1 ns, the The proposed antenna has a high-fidelity factor of 90.2, and the correlation coefficient is 0.9. which makes the antenna a good candidate for UWB. Due to its performance characteristics, this proposed antenna is well suited for short-range wireless personal area networks (WPANs), supporting high-data-rate applications like Bluetooth and wireless USB and Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications. Its proficiency also extends to industrial settings, where it helps with precision in control systems, asset tracking, and short-range sensing and radar systems.

Optimization of the iot network protocol choozing for monitoring audio information

The subject of research is the choice of a protocol in the Internet of Things (IoT) network for monitoring and analyzing audio information. The purpose of the article is to optimize the process of choosing a protocol for monitoring audio information based on IoT and evaluate the results. The authors have developed an IoT framework for monitoring and analyzing audio and voice information. The IoT network includes a sound sensor (microphone), a unit for analyzing the information received from it and a decision-making module. The description of protocols in the IoT network for assessing the sound level is given: the Wireless USB standard, the narrowband standard of the NB-IoT.The hierarchy analysis method was used to select the best protocol. The methodology and its main formulas for calculating the best option are given. A table of the four selected protocols for the IB network is given. As characteristics of the protocols, the following are considered: downlink speed, latency, device bandwidth, device transmission power. A matrix of paired comparisons of protocol parameter indicators based on expert assessments has been formed. Four matrices of paired comparisons of transmission standards variants in relation to the indicator of speed, delay, bandwidth of devices, transmission power of devices are constructed. Calculations of local vectors and priority vectors of quality indicators were performed for these four matrices. Then the matrix of vectors of global priorities is calculated by calculating the sum of the products of local vectors of matrices of paired comparisons of transmission standards variants on the corresponding priority vectors of quality indicators of the matrix of paired comparisons of protocol parameters. From the results obtained, the best protocol option for the network and sound monitoring was determined by the maximum value.

MIMO CPW-Fed Bent Antenna Based USB Dongle for ECMA-368 WPANs

A multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) ultra-wideband (UWB ) printed bent antenna, suitable for MB-OFDM ECMA-368 system integration with the wireless universal serial-bus (WUSB) dongle is proposed. The antenna consists of two antenna elements with an overall area of 18 X 53 mm2. Each antenna element is a simple modified folded-monopole fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW). The design process of proposed MIMO UWB CPW-fed bent antenna configuration is presented in four simple steps. Experimental results show that the proposed design has a good impedance bandwidth in the range of 2.95–18.55 GHz with 147.2% fractional bandwidth (FBW). Moreover, the proposed antenna enjoys, low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), good diversity gain (DG), low total active reflection coefficient (TARC) and omnidirectional radiation patterns. The bit error rate (BER) of the overall MB-OFDM ECMA-368 system with the existence of the proposed MIMO UWB CPW-fed bent antenna is evaluated in more realistic transmission channel scenario by using the extracted transmitting and receiving UWB antennas transfer functions.

Design and development of electronic stethoscope for auscultation

Background: Currently, several companies offer Bluetooth-based electronic stethoscopes. However, the stethoscopes are pretty overpriced. In this case, we need a stethoscope innovation with a more affordable price that carries the same function and improves ear sensitivity during auscultation of heart and lung sounds.Technic: This stethoscope is equipped with a condenser mic that functions as a sound catcher on the stethoscope membrane. The analog data of the condenser mic is regulated by the potential of the pre-amp mic amplifier; then, analog data is forwarded using Bluetooth 5.0 A2DP BT600 USB Wireless Audio Transmitter and received by Bluetooth receiver using earphones.Conclusion: A electronic stethoscope has been successfully developed, which can function adequately to detect, increase heart, lung, bowel sounds, and prenatal sounds.

COMPARISON OF WIRELESS ADAPTERS INTERFERENCE BASED ON DIFFERENCES OF FLOOR POSITION

The wireless network adapter has now been widely developed. The wireless adapter receives signal strength has several levels. It depends on the signal strength of the device with respect to the wireless signal and access point. The external adapter is used by computers that are not equipped with a wireless network adapter. Usually, internet users use a USB wireless adapter. An external adapter can also amplify signal reception from hotspots. The problem is how users consider using an external wireless adapter or just an onboard wireless adapter when there are many networks interfering with the weak signal strength of the access point. The method is implemented by measuring the value of the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). The purpose of this study is to compare the received signal strength in conditions where the signal before interference and after experiencing interference (interference). Meanwhile, the measured RSSI value is divided into four floors and with different distances for each floor. Each floor is measured by five distances. The average value of signal strength at a distance of 10 meters is -74 dBm using the onboard wireless adapter and -69 dBm using a USB wireless adapter. The value obtained after the interference is -75 dBm and the USB wireless adapter gets -61 dBm. The reduction of the RSSI value between interference and non-interference is 3%. The onboard wireless adapter is affected by interference while the external wireless adapter is not affected.

Recovery Delay with Visual Feedback to Reduce Errors in Single-Switch Scanning Keyboards

PurposeScanning switch keypads are commonly used as augmentative and alternative communication aids for people with complex communication needs. Low communication rates and high error rates are some of the problems that users of scanned keyboards encounter in daily use, which could lead to the abandonment of this type of technology. Thus, this study presents a new configuration system for scanned keyboards using visual feedback recovery time to help the user have a better performance and experience when using this type of alternative communication. MethodsThe system was developed in C#. The control switch is realized by means of a wireless USB mouse button. In order to evaluate the system, 42 participants transcribed sentences using a system based on our recovery delay approach, as well as a second time-delay-free scanning system for comparison purposes. We analyzed the input rate, success rate, and probability of error occurrence. These data were used to compare the performance of the two types of systems. ResultsThe results showed that synchronization and selection errors were lower in the group that used the system with a recovery delay than in the group that used the layout without. ConclusionThe error reduction provided by the recovery delay system, allows for a more stable and enjoyable user experience when using scanned keyboards to communicate. This contribution could improve the use of augmentative and alternative communication devices and therefore contribute to reducing the abandonment of this type of technology.

Design of DSSS communication teaching assistant system

Based on LabVIEW, the DSSS communication system under TCP/IP protocol is developed. It uses dual frequency USB wireless network card with a low price to build the wireless communication channel between PCS. The transmitter can generate spread spectrum signals with different time delays of different users’ data which could be used to simulate the multipath propagation in mobile communication. The receiver uses different m sequences with different time delays to despread the received signal. The system can display the time domain waveform comparison and power spectrum comparison before and after processing, as well as the bit error rate under different parameters. They play a very good role in theoretical analysis and verification. The use of teaching assistant system is conducive to improve students’ interest in study and design.

Bridging the Gap in the Technology Commercialization Process: Using a Three-Stage Technology–Product–Market Model

This study proposes a new “three-stage technology–product–market” model to analyze the technology commercialization process. This model revises the technology acceptance model to more accurately consider the market potential of new technologies from a consumer perspective. This approach can be used to supplement developers’ own evaluations of technology. To test the model empirically, an online survey of 350 end users was conducted regarding their intention to purchase the “Wireless USB,” which uses “Zing” technology and was developed by the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute. The data was used to test the model using a structural equations approach. We indirectly confirmed the existence of gaps in the technology commercialization process by verifying the mediating effects of the productization stage. Results suggest that end users may not purchase a product, even if they perceive the technology to be innovative; the product purchase intention is significantly influenced by its perceived value. Therefore, developers must understand the concept of technology value for productization in order to refine a technology according to market demand.

Elemental: An Open-Source Wireless Hardware and Software Platform for Building Energy and Indoor Environmental Monitoring and Control.

This work demonstrates an open-source hardware and software platform for monitoring the performance of buildings, called Elemental, that is designed to provide data on indoor environmental quality, energy usage, HVAC operation, and other factors to its users. It combines: (i) custom printed circuit boards (PCBs) with RFM69 frequency shift keying (FSK) radio frequency (RF) transceivers for wireless sensors, control nodes, and USB gateway, (ii) a Raspberry Pi 3B with custom firmware acting as either a centralized or distributed backhaul, and (iii) a custom dockerized application for the backend called Brood that serves as the director software managing message brokering via Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol using VerneMQ, database storage using InfluxDB, and data visualization using Grafana. The platform is built around the idea of a private, secure, and open technology for the built environment. Among its many applications, the platform allows occupants to investigate anomalies in energy usage, environmental quality, and thermal performance via a comprehensive dashboard with rich querying capabilities. It also includes multiple frontends to view and analyze building activity data, which can be used directly in building controls or to provide recommendations on how to increase operational efficiency or improve operating conditions. Here, we demonstrate three distinct applications of the Elemental platform, including: (1) deployment in a research lab for long-term data collection and automated analysis, (2) use as a full-home energy and environmental monitoring solution, and (3) fault and anomaly detection and diagnostics of individual building systems at the zone-level. Through these applications we demonstrate that the platform allows easy and virtually unlimited datalogging, monitoring, and analysis of real-time sensor data with low setup costs. Low-power sensor nodes placed in abundance in a building can also provide precise and immediate fault-detection, allowing for tuning equipment for more efficient operation and faster maintenance during the lifetime of the building.

A novel multi-channel MAC protocol for cluster tree based wireless USB networks

Universal serial bus (USB) technology has been used in various applications as a universal interface. Wireless USB (WUSB) based on USB technology provides USB’s speed and compatibility in addition to wireless technology’s convenience. In order to provide internet of things service, the technology evolution is necessary to expand to a large-scale network through a combination of multiple local WUSB networks. However, the current WUSB standard does not support the multi-hop communication. In addition, when the number of WUSB devices in the WUSB network increases, and numerous WUSB devices transmit data, a bottleneck occurs in WUSB networks, and WUSB devices may be affected by interference from the mobile WUSB devices in the adjacent network. When the number of WUSB devices sharing the same superframe increases, the available resource also becomes insufficient. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new multi-channel cluster tree algorithm to solve this resource shortage problem and prevent collision by the mobile WUSB devices.

Design of Dynamic Automatic Control System for Mariculture Water Quality under Internet of Things Environment

Zhang, S. and Chen, J., 2018. Design of dynamic automatic control system for mariculture water quality under internet of things environment. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 637–641. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The dynamic automatic control system of mariculture water quality was proposed, the main control processor of system used Mini2440 development board. The data transmission module used ZigBee wireless communication module and USB WIFI module to complete the data transmission network, which was forwarded by the Zigbee router. The control part communicated through the communication module and the control cabinet of aquaculture pond site, so as to realize the remote control and dynamic automatic control for farming equipment. Users could complete the remote access through the monitoring platform. Experimental result shows that the system can effectively improve the level of dynamic management of mariculture water quality. It has superior control performance.

Rancang Bangun Wireless Router Menggunakan Raspberry PI

Raspberry Pi is a credit card-sized SBC (Single Board Computer) developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in the UK with the aim of teaching basic computer science at school. Raspberry Pi can be used for various things including wireless. In this study will be carried out the implementation of wireless routers by using Raspberry Pi as the main media. This is done to implement the use of Raspberry Pi devices as an alternative to Wireless Routers or in the world of networking. The Wireless Router implementation method used is the PPDIOO network cycle method owned by CISCO which has the stages of Prepare, Plan, Design, Implement, Operate, and Optimize. Wireless Router implementation uses several devices between Edimax - Wireless 802.11b / g / n usb wireless adapter as a device or Broadcast Wireless Raspberry Pi media as the main function of the device and system owned by the Wireless Router. Wireless Routers using Raspberry Pi become one of the best solutions for the needs of adding new wireless network segments if you see in terms of limited funds and existing devices. An administrator will easily build a new network using Raspberry Pi.

Printed eight‐band compact antenna with lumped inductance for wireless USB dongle

AbstractIn this article, a compact design of a printed antenna for the wireless USB dongle over the mobile‐telecoms spectrum is presented. This antenna, which has a small dimension of 21 × 11 mm2, is directly printed on the FR4 substrate, consisting of 2 rectangular patches, 2 parasitic branches and a lumped inductor. In this design, the lumped inductor is used to create a resonant mode at around 770 MHz for LTE700/GSM850/900 bands. The 2 patches and 2 parasitic branches introduce two resonance frequencies that cover 1700‐2700 MHz communication bands. The measured results show a radiation efficiency of >58% and a gain above 1.9 dBi, signifying a good accordance with the simulated ones. Therefore, the proposed antenna is expected to be a good candidate in wireless USB dongle communication applications.

Self Reflections of Undergraduate Students on Using Web-Supported Counterintuitive Science Demonstrations

Analysis of self-reflections of undergraduate education students in a project involving web-supported counterintuitive science demonstrations is reported in this paper. Participating students (N = 19) taught science with counterintuitive demonstrations in local elementary school classrooms and used web-based resources accessed via wireless USB adapters. Student reflections to seven questions were analyzed qualitatively using four components of reflection (meeting objectives/perception of learning, dynamics of pedagogy, special needs accommodations, improving teaching) deriving 27 initial data categories and 12 emergent themes. Overall the undergraduates reported meeting objectives, engaging students in pedagogically relevant learning tasks including, providing accommodations to students with special needs, and gaining practice and insight to improve their own teaching. Additional research is needed to arrive at generalizable findings concerning teaching with web-supported counterintuitive science demonstrations in elementary classrooms.

Design and Analysis of Energy-Efficient Single-Pulse Piezoelectric Energy Harvester and Power Management IC for Battery-Free Wireless Remote Switch Applications

This paper presents a piezoelectric-based power management solution for battery-free wireless remote switches (BWSs). The proposed BWS IC, including a piezoelectric (PE) energy harvester and a buck converter, can collect the energy generated by a single PE-button press, and then supply that energy to a wireless transmitter to send a message. By combining a rectifier using the synchronized switch harvesting on inductor technique and a 6:1 series–parallel switched-capacitor converter, the proposed PE energy harvester can maximize the collected amount of energy, while supplying it at a low output voltage. In addition, by employing a switching-based start-up scheme and a variable ON-time pulse-frequency modulation scheme, the proposed buck converter can reduce the loss associated with charging the output capacitor during start-up, and then deliver the largest possible energy to the load, while maintaining low voltage ripples and high-power efficiency. A prototype BWS IC fabricated with high-voltage 250-nm CMOS technology was shown to be capable of harvesting a total energy of $246~\mu \text{J}$ from a single button-pressing of a 300-mm2 lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate PE disc. More than $200~\mu \text{J}$ was delivered to the load, sufficient to transmit a 4-B-long message via a 2.4-GHz wireless USB channel over a 10-m distance.

CMOS harmonic upconverter with power management of $$2{\bf nd}$$ 2 nd harmonic for wideband short-range communications

The design and simulation of a 2nd harmonic based upconverter is introduced. With the proposed upconverter, it is possible to reach a good noise figure with power and area reduction. The design of the circuit was made with the UMC $$0.18\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$0.18μm Mixed Mode/RF CMOS technology. However, the design methodology can be extended to a different CMOS process. According to the performance exhibited by the purposed mixer, it may be useful in wideband short-range communication technologies, such as certified wireless USB.

Wireless Channel Management Scheme for ASMD Groups in Wireless N-screen Services

In this paper, a Wireless USB (WUSB) protocol is adopted for development of ASMD (Adaptive Source Multi Device) N-screen wireless services. WUSB is the USB technology merged with WiMedia PHY and Distributed-MAC (D-MAC). However, the current WUSB protocol can’t provide seamless N-screen streaming services to moving WUSB devices in home network environment. Therefore, to provide the ASMD N-screen services through WUSB based on D-MAC protocol, a channel management scheme is proposed to support seamless mobility between adjacent ASMD groups for wireless IPTV N-screen services. In simulation results, proposed ASMD channel management (ACM) scheme is compared with conventional WUSB channel management scheme in view points of throughput, average path interference and energy consumption according to various numbers of nodes and elapsed simulation times. Through simulation results, it is explained that proposed ASMD channel management (ACM) scheme should be adopted in the WUSB protocol to realize ASMD N-screen wireless services.

FPGA Implementation by using XBee Transceiver

Objective: Generally there are numerous approaches to give security information that is being imparted. However, what if the security is assured irrespective of the hackers are from the noise. The Information Security is essential concern towards each communication system. Methods/Analysis: XBee is a PAN technology based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Unlike Bluetooth or wireless USB devices, XBee devices have the ability to form a mesh network between nodes. Meshing is a type of daisy chaining from one device to another. Finding: This technique allows the short range of an individual node to be expanded and multiplied, covering a much larger area. This paper describes a design of desired security for data communication by designing standard algorithm for encryption and decryption. The process occur in this module was based on encryption and decryption. The source information is generated by a bit file and this will be encrypted and is sent to destination through XBee modules. The receiving system will check the data and decrypt according to a specific algorithm and displays on the LED. Applications/Improvement: The present algorithm is implemented in Verilog HD Land simulated using Xilinx ISE simulator tool. The design is implemented on Xilinx Spartan-3 EFPGA development board. This project has applications in encoding and decoding operations for security purposes.

Technique in miniaturization and bandwidth expansion of printed monopole antenna for WLAN and UWB applications

A novel miniaturized printed monopole is presented for ultra-wideband and multiple wireless services. The proposed antenna is compatible with many wireless standards, including Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz), Bluetooth (v1.0–v4.0), WiMAX (~2.5–5.5 GHz), Bluetooth 4.0 or Wireless USB (3.1–10.6 GHz), close range radar and satellite communication in the X band (~8–12 GHz), and Ku band (~12–14 GHz) applications. The proposed design is approximately 0.26λ in length with respect to the lowest frequency boundary at 2.36 GHz. The structure consists of two main parts, which are the nonlinear stepping grounded coplanar waveguide and the serial stepping monopoles. Miniaturization is achieved without any discrete component. It displays a fractional bandwidth of 6.2:1. The radiation patterns are reasonably omnidirectional for a small antenna with the gain ranges from 1 to 4 dBi across the impedance bandwidth.