Wireless Transmission Method Research Articles

Powering smart contact lenses for continuous health monitoring: Recent advancements and future challenges

As the tear is noninvasively and continuously available, it has been turned into a convenient biological interface as a wearable medical device for out-of-hospital and self-monitoring applications. Recent progress in integrated circuits (ICs) and biosensors coupled with wireless data communication techniques have led to the implementation of smart contact lenses that can continuously sample tear fluid, analyze physiological conditions, and wirelessly transmit data to an electronic device such as smartphone, which can send data to relevant healthcare units. Continuous analyte monitoring is one of the significant characteristics of wearable biosensors. However, despite several advantages over other on-skin wearable medical devices, batteries cannot be incorporated on smart contact lenses for continuous electrical power supply due to the limited area. Herein, we review the progress of power delivery techniques of smart contact lenses for the first time. Different approaches, including wireless power transmission (WPT), biofuel cells, supercapacitors, flexible batteries, wired connections, and hybrid methods, are thoroughly discussed to understand the principles of self-sustainable contact lens biosensors comprehensively. Additionally, recent progress in contact lens biosensors is reviewed in detail, thereby providing the prospects for further developments of smart contact lenses as a common biosensing platform for various disease monitoring and diagnostic applications.

Design of the monitoring system for the internal state characteristic parameters of ultra-high voltage metal oxide arresters

At present, UHV surge arresters have a large number of sections and complex structures. The existing live detection and online monitoring technologies can no longer effectively determine the problem of deterioration of the internal resistance of the arrester. This paper studies the structure, power supply, temperature and humidity measurement and wireless transmission methods of measuring probes that can be placed in the arrester for a long time. By measuring the temperature, humidity and current data of each node, and sending it to the background wirelessly, it is more effective to judge the UHV Internal defects of the arrester. The method of internally measuring the temperature and humidity of the arrester node can improve the diagnostic ability of the internal defect and defect location of the UHV arrester, and realize the effective identification and location of the internal fault of the UHV arrester.

Wireless Transmission Method for Large Data Based on Hierarchical Compressed Sensing and Sparse Decomposition.

With the widespread application of wireless sensor networks, large-scale systems with high sampling rates are becoming more and more common. The amount of original data generated by the wireless sensor network is very large, and transmitting all the original data back to the host wastes network bandwidth and energy. This paper proposes a wireless transmission method for large data based on hierarchical compressed sensing and sparse decomposition. This method includes a hierarchical signal decomposition method based on the same sparse basis and different sparse basis hierarchical compressed sensing method with a mask. Compared with the traditional compressed sensing method, this method reduces the error of signal reconstruction, reduces the amount of calculation during signal reconstruction, and reduces the occupation of hardware resources. We designed comparison experiments between the traditional compressed sensing algorithm and the method proposed in this article. In addition, the experiments’ results prove that our proposed method reduces the execution time, as well as the reconstruction error, compared with the traditional compressed sensing algorithm, and it can achieve better reconstruction at a relatively low compression ratio.

Development of a method for wireless information transmission in wells equipped with sucker rod pump units

Oil lifting via sucker rod pump units is the most widespread way to extract oil reservoir products. Complications adversely affecting the operation of downhole equipment and entailing increased wear and premature failure of sucker rod pump units arise in the process of high-viscosity oil production. The pressure and temperature of the well fluid are the main parameters for assessing changes in the properties of the extracted products and for determining the static level of the liquid column. It is possible to control pressure and temperature using sensors located in the immediate vicinity of the well pump. Today, a wired channel is the main way of transmitting the measured data to the well mouth. The present work proposes a new technical solution for a wireless communication channel along tubing strings and rods. The columns are separated by asphaltenes deposits on the surface of the columns and centralizers mounted on the rods. The rod string isolation from the tubing string at the wellhead is carried out through suspension modernization. Columns are closed inside the pump, specifically, on the cylinder-plunger contact. Information is transmitted from the bottom by means of a submersible module, consisting of an electrical separator and electronic circuit. The latter controls the separator closure and opening. The results of measurements of the resistance between the columns indicate the possibility of implementing a communication channel.

Wireless Holter monitoring system with a dual-core processor

The article discusses the principles of building a wireless automated system for heart activity Holter monitoring using a WiFi module based on a dual-core processor. The system is focused on use in a medical cardiology center or at home. The article proposes the method of wireless transmission of an electro-cardio signal based on the paralleling of processing operations and Wi-Fi transmission of an electro-cardio signal. The paper presents algorithms for wavelet compression and filtering of the transmitted electro-cardio signal that ensure high reliability of the transmitted ECG information. A semi-realistic model of the Holter monitoring system has been developed, including real-time packages of the Matlab system, a PhysioBank ATM electro-cardio signal database, a hardware interface based on the PCI-1710HG Board and an external wireless ECG information transmission subsystem. The proposed methods and algorithms will provide high-quality and multi-day wireless transmission of ECG signals, characterized by low power consumption

Design of Bidirectional Wireless Transmission System Based on Wellbore Pressure Pulse Signal

To solve the problem that the downhole data cannot be transmitted in real time and the downhole condition cannot be known in time during the well injection process, the downhole data wireless transmission technology was designed and developed. The wireless transmission method of downhole data signal was studied and the data encoding method was invented. The control circuit of intelligent measuring and adjusting instrument was designed for layered water injection. In 2019, the field test was carried out, which verified the feasibility of downhole data transmission method. The preliminary success of the wireless downhole data transmission technology can promote the development of intelligent well injection technology.

Theoretical grounds for the propagation of electromagnetic waves of low-frequency (URL) in low-resistivity rocks

The article describes and estimates the method of wireless data transmission through rocks using a long dipole antenna, and also describes the effect on the propagation of low-frequency electromagnetic low-resistivity inclusions in the form of non-ferrous metal deposits. Estimates of the methods from other articles and their assessment in the presence of such bodies are given. A numerical analysis of the proposed system was also made for given parameters of the field source and rocks with a special configuration of antennas.

Implementation of wireless data transmission method on wells equipped with sucker-rod pumping units

When operating wells equipped with SRP units, the parameters of the products are monitored mainly via a wired communication channel in close proximity to the bottom by means of sensors. In the course of the work, it was found that, despite the large number of proposed scientific and engineering solutions, the objective of creating a reliable wireless electromagnetic channel connecting to the well bottom along with a configuration for its implementation is urgent, especially as far as the practical implementation is concerned. A distinguishing feature of the engineering solution proposed is data transmission via a galvanic communication channel in the course of well operation, involving the electric current excitation in the metal string in a well using the ground generator with one terminal connected to the ground part of the metal string and the other one to the pickup electrode on the well surface; switching dielectric loading, splitting the metal string in the downhole into the top and bottom parts, and data receipt from the well bottom depending on the ripple caused by the switching of the dielectric loading, where the data transfer phase synchronized with the upward lift of the rod string providing the possibility to use the feedback in order to track the cycle duration with a constant voltage on the dielectric splitter.

Electromagnetic modeling of rectenna based on the hybrid MoM–GEC combined to the harmonic balance method for wireless power transmission

ABSTRACTRectennas are key contributors in wireless power transmission. Such prominent technology requires intensive works to gain a better performance thus a reliable energy source. In this paper, we present an electromagnetic model of rectenna using nonlinear resolution approach. This was achieved by a hybrid MoM-GEC (the Moments method combined to the generalized equivalent circuit) and the Harmonic balance method. The structure presenting the rectenna was given in a network form making it a flexible and reconfigurable model. The proposed method was demonstrated using a patch antenna and a Schottky diode as a rectifier circuit. The given current density and field distributions validated using HFSS software proves the accuracy of the obtained solutions. Moreover, a study of the RF-DC conversion efficiency is presented to discuss the performance of the rectenna. Finally, results show that this is a simple but effective technique to study the rectifying antenna for different topologies and technologies.

DYNAMIC MONITORING METHOD OF ILLEGAL BUILDINGS USING SPATIOTEMPORAL BIG DATA BASED ON URBAN HIGH LYING ZONES

Abstract. China's urban illegal buildings are emerging in an endless stream with a large number. There is a wide demand for urban illegal buildings monitoring in urban management departments, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other regions where urban management is facing increasingly serious problems of illegal buildings. It is urgent to solve the common problem of "urban disease" caused by urban illegal buildings, and a new automatic monitoring method that can reduce the cost of urban management is urgently needed. This kind of automated monitoring method of illegal buildings has a wide market demand in Urban Management and Law Enforcement and the Ministry of Land and Resources. Existing technologies cannot realize long-term, autonomous, rapid and intelligent dynamic real-time monitoring of urban illegal buildings, which leads to the problem that illegal buildings’ behaviors cannot be stopped in time. There is a possibility to solve these problems using the ubiquitous network of base stations in cities to monitor illegal buildings.This paper proposes a dynamic monitoring method of illegal buildings using spatiotemporal big data based on urban high lying zones. Through the Spatiotemporal sensor network technology, the tilt-type stereo camera is set up at the high lying zones around the survey area. According to the real-time ambient temperature and humidity numerical data fed back by the temperature and humidity sensor, the tilt-type stereo camera uses intelligent time-lapse photogrammetry technology to obtain multiple stereo pairs. The tilted remote sensor transmits the multiple stereo pairs to the urban dynamic analysis service network using wireless transmission. The urban dynamic analysis service network will complete a series of analysis and processing operations without any human intervention, and then transmit the results of the analysis to the early-warning terminal successively through the base station, WIFI and other wireless transmission methods. Finally, the illegal building data is uploaded to the terminal. That is to say, the urban dynamic analysis service network can realize the intelligent, automatic analysis and processing of spatial analysis server and the operation of calling all database data and storing data.The method proposed in this paper uses the high lying zones around the survey area to expand the monitoring range, improve the accuracy of monitoring data, realize long-term real-time monitoring, and fully utilize the characteristics of Spatiotemporal sensing network technology intelligent, autonomous, wireless transmission, etc., significantly reducing labor. It greatly shortens the process from the emergence to the discovery of illegal buildings in cities. The workload of monitoring has improved the efficiency of dynamic monitoring and warehousing of illegal buildings data in cities.

Study on the wireless transmission method of cosmic ray detector in NPPs

The data detected by the cosmic-ray imaging detector used to imaging the distribution of nuclear fuel cannot be transmitted outside the vessel. An ultrasonic through-wall communication system is designed to support the true-wireless monitoring in NPPs. This system could transmit data through the Steel Lining or the concrete wall of the containment wirelessly without cables and penetration, which could protect the leakproofness and integrity of the containment and enhance the safety of NPPs. With 40 kHz ultrasonic carrier waves, this system could communicate at 4.8kbits/s baud rate through over 10cm concrete wall, over 10cm steel liner and 10cm lead + 5cm steel combination wall. An application test has been finished on the 20:1 experiment containment to AP1000 in the Beijing Key Laboratory of Passive Safety Technology for Nuclear Energy, this system could operate steadily with 0 error rate.

Research on Wireless Transmission Method of Acoustic Waves in Metal Pipelines

In this paper, an on-line detection device capable of simultaneously detecting the concentration of methane in the shallow gas and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil is designed, and the acoustic transducer is used to wirelessly transmit data by using the metal probes in front of the two parts. The experimental results show that data communication can be performed very well.

Analysis of Wireless Power Transmission Characteristics for High-Efficiency Resonant Coils

A wireless power transfer (WPT) method using superconductors was previously proposed (I. S. Jeong et. al. , 2013). Subsequently, the research team proposes superconducting WPT technology for electric vehicle (EV) application. The technology is designed to maximize efficiency by applying a superconductor to the transmission and reception resonant coils. The efficiency of wireless power transmission is determined by numerous variables, including the magnetic flux, the inductance of the resonant coil, and the mutual inductance. Therefore, it is possible to increase the efficiency by changing the shape of the resonant coil. In this paper, a spiral-type coil with a laminated structure was applied as a resonant coil for wireless power transmission for EV. This can increase the efficiency by generating a greater amount of magnetic flux than the single-layer spiral coil. In addition, a high coupling coefficient (K) and Q-factor can be obtained by applying a superconductor to the resonant coil. As a result, it is possible to implement wireless power transmission with higher efficiency than the conventional wireless power transmission methods. Simulation analysis was performed using High-Frequency Structure Simulation (HFSS), an electromagnetic field analysis program.

Optimization of power losses in electric vehicle battery by wireless charging method with consideration of the laser optic effect

This work mainly deals with replacing the wired power transmission method for charging electric vehicle with the help of an efficient wireless power transmission method. For identifying an efficient wireless power transmission method, the inductive power transfer method and the laser optic method are taken into consideration to charge the electric vehicle battery. These methods are compared by hardware implementation for various conditions. Wireless power transmission is an emerging technology utilized to charge the electric vehicle battery through an air gap. The use of this new charging technique is due to its easy access from annoying charging cables, better efficiency, and smaller charging time. Also, it contributes to the remarkable reduction of pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere by the conventional vehicles. However, the implementation of inductive charging for electric vehicle still presents challenges in terms of power transfer efficiency, transmission distance, utilization of heavy batteries with ripple-free and charging time, and stress on compensation network to maintain resonant condition for maximum power transfer. This system will be verified through the simulation in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation results of the inductive power transfer method and the comparison of hardware setup results with laser optic hardware setup have to be verified.

A Simultaneous Wireless Power and Data Transmission Method for Multi-Output WPT Systems: Analysis, Design, and Experimental Verification

Multiple power outputs are necessary in applications such as isolated gate drivers for multilevel converters or DC motor drive. Meanwhile, efficient and reliable data transfer is also essential to achieve satisfactory control performance. In this letter, a simultaneous power and data transmission method is proposed for multi-output wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. An intermediate unit, formed by two unipolar coils with ferrite cores and an aluminum plate in between for mutual coupling enhancement and coupling area shaping, not only can transfer power to adjacent units but also supply power to local loads. Hence, multiple outputs can be achieved. Then, bipolar coils, placed in overlap with the same-side power transfer coils to form a compact and symmetrical structure, are used to transfer data. Such data transfer coils are naturally decoupled with the power transfer coils, leading to a straightforward design of the data processing circuit. Besides, data can be transferred between adjacent circuit units, which facilitates the monitoring and control of all outputs. The feasibility of the proposed coupling structure and the parallel transmission of power and data are verified on a laboratory prototype with two output voltages, and the transfer distance is 20mm while the output power is 180W. The system efficiency reaches 90%, and the data transfer rate is 19.2kb/s.

Wireless power transmission system

Wireless power transmission system is a special type of power transmission process. Wireless power transmission system is used to transmit power from one place to another without any physical contact between the two coils or devices. Wireless Power Transmitter device consists of a transmitter, which takes electric power as input from a power source (either supply or battery), and generates a time-varying electromagnetic field (electromagnetic waves) that carries energy in the form of electric and magnetic waves, and transmits power through free space to a receiver, which extracts power from the field and supplies it to an electrical load. E.g. in the system of charging a phone wirelessly, a transmitter takes in power and generates an electromagnetic field and transmits it which is then received by the receiver and then transformed back into electricity which is used to charge the phone. Transmitter is a set of equipment which is used to generate and transmit electromagnetic waves. The basic working principle of wireless power transfer is: 1. Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic theory and 2. Two objects having similar resonant frequency and in magnetic resonance at powerfully coupled tends to exchange the energy in the form of oscillating electromagnetic field. This method of transmitting power is very useful and reliable. The results of various experiments suggest the standardized application method of wireless transmission in utilization of wireless power for implantable sensors.

Источник импульсного рентгеновского излучения и способ беспроводной передачи данных на его основе

Источник импульсного рентгеновского излучения и способ беспроводной передачи данных на его основе

Real‐time crack assessment using deep neural networks with wall‐climbing unmanned aerial system

AbstractCrack information provides important evidence of structural degradation and safety in civil structures. Existing inspection methods are inefficient and difficult to rapidly deploy. A real‐time crack inspection method is proposed in this study to address this difficulty. Within this method, a wall‐climbing unmanned aerial system (UAS) is developed to acquire detailed crack images without distortion, then a wireless data transmission method is applied to fulfill real‐time detection requirements, allowing smartphones to receive real‐time video taken from the UAS. Next, an image data set including 1,330 crack images taken by the wall‐climbing UAS is established and used for training a deep‐learning model. For increasing detection speed, state‐of‐the‐art convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are compared and employed to train the crack detector; the selected model is transplanted into an android application so that the detection of cracks can be undertaken on a smartphone in real time. Following this, images with cracks are separated and crack width is calculated using an image processing method. The proposed method is then applied to a building where crack information is acquired and calculated accurately with high efficiency, thus verifying the practicability of the proposed method and system.

Reliable data transmission method based on 6LoWPAN for building energy systems

The building energy internet of things is based on radio frequency technology and a wireless sensor network that can collect building energy consumption data in real time. However, with the increasing complexity of wireless sensor network topology, there is a problem of insufficient IP address space relying on IPv4 protocol. In this paper, a design scheme of a building energy system based on 6LoWPAN network is proposed. IPv4/IPv6 address conversion is used to realise the access of IP addresses to each other, so as to monitor building energy consumption information anytime and anywhere. In view of the shortcomings of existing wireless network data transmission methods in low energy consumption and high reliability in building energy monitoring applications, a reliable data transmission method based on multipath routing coding algorithm is proposed. This strategy improves the transmission reliability of the network by increasing the number of redundant packets, and reduces the energy consumption of the network by reducing the number of transmission paths. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the success rate of data packet transmission, reduce the standard energy consumption of sensor networks, and provide an effective method for the application of wireless sensor networks in building energy monitoring systems. Practical application: This paper studies how to improve transmission reliability and energy efficiency in cluster-based WSN and proposes a multi-path transmission strategy for selective coding of intermediate cluster head nodes. The strategy improves the transmission reliability of the network by increasing the number of transmissions of redundant packets and reduces the network energy consumption by reducing the number of transmission paths. It has good use value for the actual development and application of the building energy consumption monitoring system.

Circuit Parameters of a Receiver Coil Using a Wiegand Sensor for Wireless Power Transmission.

We previously demonstrated an efficient method of wireless power transmission using a Wiegand sensor for the application in implantable medical devices. The Wiegand sensor has an advantage in inducing sharp pulse voltage independent of the drive frequency. A down-sized receiver coil for wireless power transmission within blood vessels has been prepared, which enables medical treatment on any part of a human body. In order to develop practical applications of the Wiegand sensor as implantable medical devices, the circuit design is important. The circuit parameters in the circuit model of the Wiegand sensor must be clearly identified. However, a fast reversal of magnetization of the magnetic wire used in the Wiegand sensor, known as a large Barkhausen jump, and the induced nonlinear pulse signal make the inductance of the receiver coil time-dependent and inconsistent as conventionally considered in circuit analysis. In this study, the voltage and current responses of a wire-core coil are analyzed, and the time-dependent inductance is determined. The results showed that the inductance depends on the magnetization state of the wire, which can be negative during the fast reversal of magnetization.