Wireless Token Ring Protocol Research Articles

Modelling, analysis and validation of wireless controller area network

The controller area network (CAN) is the pioneer in standardising vehicle and automation bus standards. For the wired CAN to meet the emergent pervasive wireless technology, wireless controller area network (WCAN) is introduced. WCAN is based on wireless token ring protocol (WTRP); a MAC protocol for wireless networks to reduce the number of retransmissions due to collision and the wired counterpart CAN attribute on message-based communication. CAN uses token frame method to provide channel access to the nodes in the system. This method allow all the nodes to share common broadcast channel by taken turns in transmitting upon receiving the token frame which is circulating within the network for specified amount of time. This method provides high throughput in bounded latency environment, consistent and predictable delays and better packet delivery ratio. WCAN is tested by simulation using QualNet and compared with IEEE 802.11 and is found to outperform it in ring network. The test results are validated using SAE benchmark.

REAL TIME ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK

It is widely known that Control Area Networks (CAN) are used in real-time, distributed and parallel processing which cover manufacture plants, humanoid robots, networking fields, etc., In applications where wireless conditions are encountered it is convenient to continue the exchange of CAN frames within the Wireless CAN (WCAN). The WCAN considered in this research is based on wireless token ring protocol (WTRP); a MAC protocol for wireless networks to reduce the number of retransmissions due to collision and the wired counterpart CAN attribute on message based communication. WCAN uses token frame method to provide channel access to the nodes in the system. This method allow all the nodes to share common broadcast channel by taken turns in transmitting upon receiving the token frame which is circulating within the network for specified amount of time. This method provides high throughput in bounded latency environment, consistent and predictable delays and good packet delivery ratio. The most important factor to consider when evaluating a control network is the end-to-end time delay between sensors, controllers, and actuators. The correct operation of a control system depends on the timeliness of the data coming over the network, and thus, a control network should be able to guarantee message delivery within a bounded transmission time. The proposed WCAN is modeled and simulated using QualNet, and its average end to end delay and packet delivery ratio (PDR) are calculated. The parameters boundaries of WCAN are evaluated to guarantee a maximum throughput and a minimum latency time, in the case of wireless communications, precisely WCAN.

Performance Evaluation of Wireless Controller Area Network (WCAN) Using Token Frame Scheme

In this paper, a proposed new wireless protocol so-called wireless controller area network is introduced. WCAN is an adaptation of its wired cousin, controller area network protocol. The proposed WCAN uses token frame scheme in providing channel access to nodes in the system. This token frame method follows the example used in wireless token ring protocol which is a wireless network protocol that reduces the number of retransmissions as a result of collisions. This scheme based on CAN protocol allows nodes to share a common broadcast channel by taking turns in transmitting upon receiving the token frame that circulates around the network for a specified amount of time. The token frame allows nodes to access the network one at a time, giving `fair' chance to all nodes instead of competing against one another. This method provides high throughput in a bounded latency environment. The proposed WCAN protocol has been developed and simulated by means of QualNet simulator. The performances of this proposed protocol are evaluated from the perspective of throughput, end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio, and are compared against the IEEE 802.11 protocol. Simulation results show that the proposed WCAN outperforms IEEE 802.11 based protocol by 62.5 % in terms of throughput with increasing network size. Also, it shows an improvement of 6 % compared to IEEE 802.11 standard at a higher data interval rate.

Protection Technique for Complex Distribution Smart Grid Using Wireless Token Ring Protocol

Distributed generation is expected to increase sharply as more and more renewable are integrated to power system with the realization of smart grid, consequently complex distribution smart grid is given. The traditional protection devices cannot be able to protect complex power system configuration due to many fault current loops will feed the fault point. Relays based on standalone decisions cannot provide reliable and correct action when used on a complex distribution system. This paper proposes new protection philosophy using wireless technology. Data sharing among relays to obtain reliable and accurate decision are introduced. Wireless Token Ring Protocol (WTRP) as a wireless local area network (LAN) protocol inspired by the IEEE 802.4 Token Bus Protocol is used for data sharing. WTRP is selected to improve efficiency by reducing the number of retransmissions due to collisions. WTRP architecture and protocol are described to verify operation. MATLAB simulation program is used to simulate the data exchange protocol between relays in a ring for a specified amount of time.

Review of Researches in Controller Area Networks Evolution and Applications

Initially designed as a new mean in providing communication network between control units in automotive industries, the controller area network (CAN) has shown a great surge of interest due to its vast advantages. Since then it is widely used in various automation industries including military, aviation, electronics, factories and many others. CAN was designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other without the presence of a host computer and avoiding extensive load to the main controller. It is a high performance and high reliable advanced serial communication protocol which effectively supports distributed realtime control. Ideally, CAN is suitable in application requiring a large number of short messages with high reliability in rugged environment. These characteristics along with many others, allows wide opportunity in development of intelligent ubiquitous sensor network and controller system. This paper presents a brief introduction on CAN operating principles, its architecture and protocols. Also, various applications of CAN are introduced and surveyed with more attention given on smart home. Due to its reliability, efficiency and robustness, an extension of CAN applicants in home automation is proposed that uses sign language smart controller. Finally, this paper concludes with a proposed improvement by converting CAN into wireless CAN (WCAN) by using wireless token ring (WTRP) protocol. WCAN gives a solution when industrial mobile stations under certain constraints should continue to use CAN protocol as frame exchange protocol.

IWTRP: Spatial-reuse Enhancement of the Wireless Token Ring Protocol

This work presents an improved wireless token ring protocol (IWTRP) for wireless metropolitan area networks (W-MANs) adopting a ring topology. Opposed to the single token and transmission permitted in WTRP, IWTRP provides a novel method to allow for multiple tokens, and thus multiple simultaneous transmissions in the ring. IWTRP employs both the request-to-send/clear-to-send (RTS/CTS) handshaking and the network allocation vector (NAV) updating techniques to resolve collision-resolution and token-elimination problems resulted from multiple tokens. The normalized saturation throughput of IWTRP is analytically characterized and verified through simulations.

WTRP—Wireless Token Ring Protocol

The wireless token ring protocol (WTRP) is a novel medium access control (MAC) protocol for wireless local area networks (WLANs). In contrast with IEEE 802.11 networks, WTRP guarantees quality of service (QoS) in terms of bounded latency and reserved bandwidth, which are critical in many real-time applications. Compared to 802.11, WTRP improves efficiency by reducing the number of retransmissions due to collisions, and it is more fair as all stations use the channel for the same amount of time. Stations take turns transmitting and give up the right to transmit after a specified amount of time. WTRP is a distributed protocol that supports many topologies, as not all stations need to be connected to each other or to a central station. WTRP is robust against single node failures, and recovers gracefully from multiple simultaneous faults. WTRP is suitable for interaccess point coordination in ITS DSRC, safety-critical vehicle-to-vehicle communications, and home networking, and provides extensions to other networks and Mobile IP.