Wireless Sensor System Research Articles

A Wireless Textile-Based Sensor System for Self-Powered Personalized Health Care

Summary Internet-connected clothing/textiles is a promising but underexplored option for future personalized health care. Here, we report a textile-based sensor (TS) system with art design for wearable biomonitoring and interacting over the Internet. The TS is capable of delivering a sensitivity up to 3.88 V/kPa for ambient tiny pressure sensing. Made of durable materials, the TS exhibits remarkable robustness after more than 80,000 cycles of continuous operation. A wireless biomonitoring system (WBS) has been developed for timely processing of the acquired human pulse wave signals, wirelessly transmitting and displaying the patient’s health data via an APP interface onto a smartphone. The WBS was used to effectively diagnose obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome during a whole night of sleep even with body movements. The textile-based wireless biomonitoring system represents a solid step toward constructing a body area network for personalized health care in the era of the Internet of Things.

An Adaptive Distributed Compressed Video Sensing Algorithm Based on Normalized Bhattacharyya Coefficient for Coal Mine Monitoring Video

Compared with traditional video surveillance systems, wireless video sensor systems are more suitable for emergency application scenarios, such as underground coal mine disaster rescue, due to their low power consumption and rapid deployment. Considering the limited computing power and transmission bandwidth of video sensor nodes, we propose an adaptive compression and hybrid multiple hypothesis based residual reconstruction algorithm based on normalized Bhattacharyya coefficient (NBCAC-MHRR) to solve the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) problem in underground coal mines. First, a low-complexity adaptive sampling rate allocation method is performed on the encoding side. Second, by integrating the background subtraction idea, we combine the high-quality reconstruction of the foreground with the multi-hypothesis residual reconstruction of the background to improve the overall reconstruction effect of the video sequence. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher reconstruction quality and efficiency than previous methods, especially in underground coal mine application scenarios.

Head motion during cone-beam computed tomography: Analysis of frequency and influence on image quality.

PurposeImage artifacts caused by patient motion cause problems in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) because they lead to distortion of the 3-dimensional reconstruction. This prospective study was performed to quantify patient movement during CBCT acquisition and its influence on image quality.Materials and MethodsIn total, 412 patients receiving CBCT imaging were equipped with a wireless head sensor system that detected inertial, gyroscopic, and magnetometric movements with 6 dimensions of freedom. The type and amplitude of movements during CBCT acquisition were evaluated and image quality was rated in 7 different anatomical regions of interest. For continuous variables, significance was calculated using the Student t-test. A linear regression model was applied to identify associations of the type and extent of motion with image quality scores. Kappa statistics were used to assess intra- and inter-rater agreement. Chi-square testing was used to analyze the impact of age and sex on head movement.ResultsAll CBCT images were acquired in a 10-month period. In 24% of the investigations, movement was recorded (acceleration: >0.10 [m/s2]; angular velocity: >0.018 [°/s]). In all examined regions of interest, head motion during CBCT acquisition resulted in significant impairment of image quality (P<0.001). Movement in the horizontal and vertical axes was most relevant for image quality (R2>0.7).ConclusionRelevant head motions during CBCT imaging were frequently detected, leading to image quality loss and potentially impairing diagnosis and therapy planning. The presented data illustrate the need for digital correction algorithms and hardware to minimize motion artefacts in CBCT imaging.

The information security scheduling method of vehicle self-organising system for wireless sensor

During self-organising scheduling and control of vehicles, uncertainties often affect operation of emergency vehicle road traffic. Traditional system cannot determine road network connectivity, resulting in traffic congestion. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a wireless sensor-based information security scheduling method for vehicle self-organising systems. Firstly, system hierarchy diagram and various modules of vehicle self-organising system are introduced. Then, vehicle self-organising scheduling model is established and design process of source code is provided. Finally, experimental results show that schedule length obtained by our proposed method is at least 200m shorter than those results obtained by traditional method in comparison of evacuation dispatch route length of traffic jam. At the same time, time consuming of proposed method is also shorter than traditional method in the comparison of evacuation dispatch management time for traffic jams. Therefore, proposed method is more efficient in slowing congestion of vehicle self-organising system networks.

The information security scheduling method of vehicle self-organising system for wireless sensor

During self-organising scheduling and control of vehicles, uncertainties often affect operation of emergency vehicle road traffic. Traditional system cannot determine road network connectivity, resulting in traffic congestion. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a wireless sensor-based information security scheduling method for vehicle self-organising systems. Firstly, system hierarchy diagram and various modules of vehicle self-organising system are introduced. Then, vehicle self-organising scheduling model is established and design process of source code is provided. Finally, experimental results show that schedule length obtained by our proposed method is at least 200m shorter than those results obtained by traditional method in comparison of evacuation dispatch route length of traffic jam. At the same time, time consuming of proposed method is also shorter than traditional method in the comparison of evacuation dispatch management time for traffic jams. Therefore, proposed method is more efficient in slowing congestion of vehicle self-organising system networks.

Application of vibration-based damage detection algorithms to experimental data from multi-storey steel structures

Recently, there has been remarkable progress in the development of data acquisition systems and statistical damage detection algorithms in the field of vibration-based structural health monitoring (SHM). However, many of them have not been validated by experimental data. This paper presents and analyzes a shake table experiment of two three-story steel structures. The structural damage was introduced in a systematic and controlled way and the structures were tested with different levels of earthquakes. Three types of analyses were conducted. First, a wireless sensor system designed for SHM, SnowFort, was demonstrated to have the same accuracy as the conventional wired sensors. Second, the rotation algorithm is applied to estimate residual displacements in the structures and achieves excellent agreements with the displacement sensor measurements. At last, a continuous wavelet transform-based damage detector is applied to the experimental data. The results highlight that the wavelet model parameters are sensitive to the damage state.

Application of vibration-based damage detection algorithms to experimental data from multi-storey steel structures

Recently, there has been remarkable progress in the development of data acquisition systems and statistical damage detection algorithms in the field of vibration-based structural health monitoring (SHM). However, many of them have not been validated by experimental data. This paper presents and analyzes a shake table experiment of two three-story steel structures. The structural damage was introduced in a systematic and controlled way and the structures were tested with different levels of earthquakes. Three types of analyses were conducted. First, a wireless sensor system designed for SHM, SnowFort, was demonstrated to have the same accuracy as the conventional wired sensors. Second, the rotation algorithm is applied to estimate residual displacements in the structures and achieves excellent agreements with the displacement sensor measurements. At last, a continuous wavelet transform-based damage detector is applied to the experimental data. The results highlight that the wavelet model parameters are sensitive to the damage state.

Centralized MPPT Controller System of PV Modules by a Wireless Sensor Network

An efficient monitoring and control system for solar photovoltaic modules, which combines the use of a non-linear MPPT backstepping controller with a custom wireless sensor network (WSN) has been developed. The infrastructure consists of a wireless smart photovoltaic system (WSPS) and a wireless centralized control system (WCC). The data of sensing, coordination and control is handled by using a WSN based on IEEE 802.15.4 technology in beacon enable mode and with guaranteed time slot. This assures the data transmission and a synchronous acquisition, which are critical elements in a wireless photovoltaic monitoring system. All measured data is gathered by an autonomous, compact and low-cost sensor node installed in each PV module, and it is transferred to the coordinator node. The power consumption of the sensor node represents only 0.25% of the power delivered by the photovoltaic module. A backstepping controller to track the Maximum Power Point (MPP) by means of a buck-boost converter derives the reference parameters to return to each PV module accordingly. The wireless solution uses low latency techniques to achieve a real-time monitoring and a stable performance of the controller. The centralized control identifies all the network nodes and significantly simplifies the maintenance operations. Experimental validation shows the robustness against interference and security in the wireless data transmission and confirms the feasibility of the proposed wireless sensor system in tracking the maximum power transfer under different weather conditions, achieving an efficiency over the 99% in the MPPT.

Implementation of a wireless system architecture of conductivity temperature and pressure sensors for support the identification of the salt wedge and its impact on safety Maritime in estuary of the Magdalena River - A case study

Abstract This article aims to show the components of a wireless sensor system to measure temperature, conductivity and pressure at the mouth of the Magdalena River - Colombia. This analysis was carried out jointly with the General Maritime Directorate of Colombia. The measurements will be carried out underwater, with the buoys currently available in the navigable channel, which will work with solar energy and the data will be sent via Bluetooth, Wifi or Ethernet. With the data received by the sensor network, different analyzes will be carried out through the implementation of different data mining techniques, which will support the decision making of government entities. Through the implementation of this architecture, different behaviors found in the estuary will be identified and there will be real-time information that favors maritime safety in the navigable channel.

E-Agriculture and Rural Development in India

An extensive number of studies have exhibited that even today generally 70 per cent of Indian population lives in rural areas. Today, rural development is essential for the progress of the economy. Provincial economy can be created by improving provincial markets. Government of India has comprehended the piece of the rustic headway and the responsibility of information technology in the improvement of rural India. A sweeping number of adventures are exhibited in the nation domain with various pending exercises in the pipeline, which are inclined to be displayed by the government in the restricted ability to centre time. E agribusiness assumes key job in beneficial and expanded farming on the planet with the utilisation of present day information technology strategies. Agriculture plays a significant role in addressing these challenges and moving the livelihood of Indian farmers. This paper explores the potential contribution of e-agriculture for the development of rural areas and for the better livelihoods of farming community. Further, a broad spectrum framework of the recent state-of-the art wireless sensor system is given as a thorny technology for the Indian farming neighbourhood to observe their crops from a remote place.

Target Object Tracking with Portable Sensors in Wireless Sensor Network

Detection and tracking of moving target objects is one of the important problems of wireless sensor systems. In recent years, portability has become an important research area for the WSN community. Although it was never thought that the WSN arrangement was completely stable, portability was initially perceived as some of the difficulties that must be overcome, including network, inclusion and use of vitality. Target object dictates the accuracy of target objects with which the position of target objects can be estimated. This problem becomes a test, especially given the portability of the sensor and the target object, in which the directions of the sensor and the target object have to be captured. [1, 17] Through this review, we consider that we consider the question of following signals that release appropriate target object using compact sensors that depend on the social issue of the signal. Since the versatile movement of the lens is unclear, the portable sensor controller uses the approximation accumulated by a remote sensor so that the compact article indicates the time of appearance (TOA). [4] The portable sensor controller confirms the TOA estimation information of both compact target object and portable sensors to evaluate their areas before guiding the development of portable sensors to achieve the target object. We propose the calculation of approximation (min-max) to calculate the monitoring area, which can be effectively understood through quasi-different programming (SDP), and apply a cubic potential to the portable sensor path Can do. We measure the area of portable sensors and focus on each other to improve the following accuracy.[2, 5] We determine the characteristic relationship between several basic parameters of the frame and the trackingtarget object, including the thickness of the sensor, the range of detection, the portability of the sensor, and the target object. We examine the relationships and the ability to influence by multiple parameters of the framework and locate the base number of portable sensors that are required to maintain the tracking of target objects in an MSN. To further improve the execution of the framework, we propose a weighted monitoring calculation, using estimation information more efficiently.[3] Our entertainment results suggest that insufficiently insured calculations provide excellent follow-up that can be improved by requesting greatness with an equal number of sensors when contrasted and with the position of static sensors.

Compact Multifunctional Wireless Capacitive Sensor System and Its Application in Icing Detection.

When sensors are used for the monitoring of surfaces, for example, with respect to ice aggregation, it is of interest to have a full coverage of the surface without sensor-inherent detection gaps, so-called “blind spots”. Since the components of such a sensor, like antennas and energy harvesting, also require space on the surface, the actual, effective sensing area is usually much smaller than the total surface of the device. Consequently, with an array of such sensors, it is not possible to monitor the entire surface of an object without gaps, even if the sensors are mounted directly adjacent to each other. Furthermore, the excessive size may also prevent the application of a single sensor in space constraint situations as they occur, e.g., on aircrafts. This article investigates a sensor concept in which the electrodes of the sensors are used for both radio data transmission and energy harvesting at the same time. Thus, the wireless data transmission in the 2.45 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band is combined with the sensor electrodes and also with a photovoltaic cell for energy harvesting. The combination of sensor technology, communication, and harvesting enables a compact system and thus reduces blind spots to a minimum. In the following article, the structure and functionality of a system is described and verified by laboratory experiments.

Life after graduation: IoT: Forecasts, challenges and opportunities

Dear readers, in this issue you have read contributions that highlight a strong link between the IoT and the world of measurements. Personally, I cannot consider myself an expert of Internet of Things (IoT), since my experience is rather limited. As far as I could see, however, my impression is that the IoT embraces several topics, issues and aspects that are not new, like the programming of microcontroller or microprocessor-based systems, the development of algorithms for signal processing, wireless transmission of data, etc. These are well known to many of us who have worked on the development of multisensor systems or wireless sensor systems, perhaps with new meanings and with the problem of managing the enormous amounts of data generated, which have to be stored, processed and presented in a suitable and easily interpretable form.

Low-Power Sensor Localization in Three-Dimensional Using a Recurrent Neural Network

This letter discusses a novel low-power circuit to self-localize a mobile sensor node in the three-dimensional space using a passive optical receiver. Self-localization of sensors, where a sensor node computes its spatial location by itself, reduces transmission demand, and improves real-time conformity of mobile wireless sensor systems. Our approach forms an over-determined system of angles-of-arrival (AoAs) to mobile sensor received from an optical anchor grid. The AoA system is solved with a linear program (LP) solver, which is implemented using a nonlinear feedback recurrent neural network. To solve the primal and dual LP optimization problems in the AoA system, we show a single multifunctional data path that does not require matrix inversions; thereby, enables within-sensor low-power computations to self-localize. Additionally, unlike other optical indoor positioning architectures, our approach does not require measurements of received signal strength and, thereby, is insensitive to power and alignment imbalances in the anchor grid. We show proof-of-concept field programmable gate array (FPGA) and ASIC simulations of our approach and validate its operation under noisy AoA data and for different numbers of anchors. An FPGA implementation in 180 nm CMOS achieves a peak $\sim$ 0.12 mega localization operations per second per Watt (MOPS/W), while ASIC design in 45 nm CMOS shows a peak $\sim$ 7.7 MOPS/W.

Decentralized gene regulatory networks: An approach to energy efficient node coordination with delay constraints for wireless sensor systems

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) systems have been used for several applications from target tracking to environment monitoring. Recently, there has been increased interest in the design of WSN protocols for delay-sensitive applications, such as military surveillance, health monitoring, and infrastructure security. However, due to the strict resource constraints of the sensor nodes, WSNs pose critical challenges for network protocol design for reliable communications with delay constraints. Biologically inspired modeling techniques have received considerable attention for their robustness, scalability, and adaptability with simple local interactions and limited information. In this paper, we apply gene regulatory networks (GRNs) principles to the WSN system and propose a new GRN model for decentralized node coordination to achieve energy saving while meeting delay requirements. Using control theory, we provide conditions of system parameters to ensure system convergence and stability. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme achieves superior performance with energy savings as well as desirable delay guarantees compared with other wellknown schemes.

A Distributed Multi-Competitive Clustering Method for Wireless Sensor Networks using 5G LTE

Fifth era remote, or 5G, is the most recent emphasis of cell innovation, designed to extraordinarily build the speed and responsiveness of remote systems. With 5G, information transmitted over remote broadband associations could go at rates as high as 20 Gbps by a few appraisals surpassing wire line organize speeds and in addition offer inactivity of 1 ms or lower for utilizes that require ongoing criticism. 5G will likewise empower a sharp increment in the measure of information transmitted over remote frameworks because of more accessible transfer speed and propelled reception apparatus technology. Wireless sensor systems (WSNs) require basic and successful ways to deal with lessen vitality utilization in view of restricted vitality. Grouping hubs is a compelling way to deal with make WSNs vitality productive. In this paper we propose a dispersed multi-aggressive bunching approach (DMCC) for WSNs. To start with, the hubs with high leftover vitality are chosen to go about as group head hopefuls (CHCs). Second, bunch heads (CHs) are chosen from the CHCs in light of a crossover of rivalry. In the event that the separations to the chose CHs are reasonable, a CHC with more neighbour hubs and littler normal separation to its neighbour hubs will probably turn into a CH. In the event that the quantity of CHs chose from the CHCs is insufficient, more CHs are chosen from non-CHCs constantly as indicated by lingering vitality until the CHs number is reasonable. DMCC makes the CHs number stable and disperse the CHs equally. Recreation tests were performed on to contrast DMCC and some related bunching approaches. The exploratory outcomes recommend that DMCC adjusts the heap among various groups and lessens the vitality utilization, which enhances the system lifetime.

Conceptual design considerations for a wireless intraocular pressure sensor system for effective glaucoma management

As a leading form of preventable visual impairment, it is imperative to assess glaucoma treatment as a function of intraocular pressure (IOP). IOP can spike throughout the day. This necessitates a device that can (1) monitor IOP outside of clinical visits by providing a memory when IOP exceeds a set threshold indicating the possibility for glaucomatous damage to occur; and (2) accurately assess IOP. Both requirements point ultimately towards the development of an implantable device. The Wireless Intraocular Pressure Sensor System (WIPSS) devised by our team uses optical technologies and may assist an overseeing clinician with assessing glaucoma treatment efficacy and avoiding irreversible glaucomatous visual field loss downstream.

Embedded Wireless Sensor Systems for Resin Flow Monitoring in Glass and Carbon Fiber Composites

The obtained data can be used for modeling the resin flow inside the composite, which is required for simulation and for speeding up the design of new parts. This paper presents a novel wireless sensor system that can be embedded in both glass and carbon fiber composites allowing for the first time to wirelessly measure pressure and temperature throughout the laminate during infusion, giving an insight into the process behavior. We suggest a system, which uses wireless data transmission that does not hurt the vacuum seal, even for sensors deeply embedded between conductive carbon fibers. The current sensor system gives an accurate pressure reading (mbar resolution) that provides information about the pressure gradient in the whole laminate. For carbon fibers, the sensors are soldered on a self-made, flexible, and 10 $\mu \text{m}$ -thick polyimide cable, which is resistant to high temperatures. This makes the system minimally invasive since only a $\mathbf {2}\,\,\mathbf {mm}\boldsymbol \times 2.5\,\,\mathbf {mm}$ system remains inside the laminate.

Robust Self-powered Wireless Plant-monitoring Sensor System with Sap-activated Battery

A robust self-powered wireless plant-monitoring sensor with a wide operating margin is proposed. The sensor consists of a sap-activated battery with a storage capacitor, an intermittent-power-supply circuit, and a wireless transmitter. The battery is composed of a galvanized iron nail inserted into the stem of a plant and multiple stainless-steel rods planted in the soil to enable robust operation. A sap-activated battery varies the current generation when the position of the nail inserted into the stem is changed. The battery with multiple stainless-steel rods increases the generating current and makes it possible to perform sensing operation no matter where the nail is inserted. The effectiveness of our wireless sensor system was evaluated for a tomato grown in a commercial greenhouse.

모바일 환경에서 화재감지를 위한 IoT 기반의 무선감지시스템 개발

본 논문에서는 화재신호 감지를 위한 감지기와 신호전송 및 분석·처리에 의한 서비스를 제공하는 수신기로 구성된 IoT 기반의 무선 화재감지시스템을 개발한다. 이를 위해 4개의 화재신호를 동시에 센싱할 수 있는 감지기인 에뮬레이터와 신호의 전송 및 응용서비스를 제공하기 위한 게이트웨이와 서버의 일체형 수신기를 각각 구현한다. Raspberry Pi의 오픈소스 하드웨어를 이용한 시스템의 시제품을 제작하여 실험한 결과, 초단위로 온도변화를 실시간 감지함으로써 소방방재시스템과 연동되는 단독형 화재감지수신기 개발을 위한 참조모델로 이용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 250개와 500개의 스레드를 각각 생성하여 감지기와 수신기 상호간의 TCP/IP 통신을 수행한 결과, 신호전송에 따른 오동작도 일어나지 않음을 확인하였다.