Wireless Internet Service Providers Research Articles

Aplikasi Pemodelan 3 Dimensi Router Mikrotik RB433AH. RB450, RB800, RB951G-2HnD dan Haplite Berbasis Augmented Reality dan Firebase

MikroTik is a company engaged in internet service providers and internet service connectors from wireless internet service providers, a lot of use and utilization of MikroTik products. MikroTik products for example are RB433AH Router Board and RB951g-2hnd. This RB433AH Router Board and RB951g-2HnD are used by Kediri Polytechnic students as learning media for subjects related to Computer Networks, while RB450, RB800 and hAP lite are used for Access Points. However, there is a problem when the system reset function on the application is not successfully executed so it must reset by hardware reset on the Router Board. The method of operation of devices connected to the Router Board such as LAN cables, antennas, LAN Cards and PCIE for the first time is used for laymen who still do not understand, so a solution is needed to inform the user how to operate the RB433AH and RB951G-2HND routers. Therefore, an application is prepared that can scan images and then display the 3-dimensional model of the Router in Augmented Reality to help the operation of the RB433AH Router Board and RB951G-2HND and present the comments section for problem solving. Applications are presented in mobile devices by utilizing Vuforia Augmented Reality and Realtime Databases from Firebase.

Aplicación para administrar clientes, cortes y generar fichas hotspot desarrollada con tecnología .NET

This article shows the development of a custom-made Windows Forms desktop application that allows the management of users with their access permissions, clients, hotspot generation and client outage management for a wireless internet service provider (WISP). The SCRUM framework was followed, with a waterfall life cycle, interviews were conducted to obtain the requirements, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) was used in the design, a monolithic architecture with a layered design was used, for the development of the application the .NET technology was used with the C# programming language and with the help of the integrated development environment Visual Studio in its Community 2019 version and the SQL Server 2019 Database Management System in Express version and the iText 7 Community software library was used for the integration of PDF functionality. With the system developed, the token generation process was automated, the time taken by the service provider to generate the tokens and the text file containing the user name and password was reduced by 94.96%, it was guaranteed that the passwords to access the Internet service are unique, it allowed the administration of users and the cutting of clients at the different access points, and the system was fast and efficient.

Log Distance Path Loss Model: Application and Improvement for Sub 5 GHz Rural Fixed Wireless Networks

The study of radio signal propagation path loss (PL) is important for planning, designing and evaluating the performance of radio communication networks. However, the state-of-the-art in PL modelling for fixed wireless networks in rural environments is still ill-equipped for making accurate predictions. This paper explores the application of the log distance PL model to heterogeneous fixed wireless networks in harsh rural propagation conditions. This model is then extended and optimized to improve its accuracy. In particular, the dataset is classified according to many criteria, radio links are split into many intervals according to their distances, antenna heights and elevations are integrated into its formula and long-term extreme seasonal variations are considered. Our study uses a wide set of measurements from the fixed wireless networks of a wireless internet service provider in rural regions of Canada. The proposed modifications improve the accuracy by 7 to 15 dB in terms of the root mean squared error.

Color in web banner advertising: The influence of analogous and complementary colors on attitude and purchase intention

• This study focuses on color combinations in the context of web banner advertising. • Two experimental studies extend research on analogous and complementary colors. • Blue-green analogous color set tend to elicit more positive attitudes. • Blue-green analogous color set tend to elicit higher purchase intention. • Results were partially confirmed for Study 1 and (totally) confirmed for Study 2. The purpose of this paper is to study how color contrast (complementary vs. analogous colors) affect individuals’ attitude and purchase intention in the context of web banner advertising. Previous research on the effect of color in marketing stated that color is one of the most important factors for fast decisions regarding product choice. However, the study of color has mainly focused on isolated colors (hue) and color temperature (cool vs. warm colors). Thus, color contrast studies are lacking. Two experimental studies ( N total = 409) were conducted in the context of web banner advertising. Study 1 involved a service setting (a wireless internet service provider) and Study 2 focused on a product category (a wireless headphone set). Findings revealed that the blue-green analogous color set tend to elicit higher levels of both attitude towards the ad and purchase intention. The results were partially confirmed for Study 1 and (totally) confirmed for Study 2. This research work contributes to shed some light into color perception and e-commerce strategy thus helping marketers and designers to create more effective web banner advertisements.

Performance evaluation of a WISP for the 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz bands supported in a factorial model

The wireless networks supported in the 802.11 standard play an important role in the field of connectivity, due to the benefits related to mobility, availability, speed and low cost of implementation. This study aims to experimentally find the factors that affect the performance of a WISP (Wireless Internet Service Provider) based on the 802.11 standard. In the proposed scenario, the behavior of the Throughput and delays in the transmission processes were analyzed based on factors such as frequency, distance and the number of stations connected to the Access point under study. In the results obtained, it was possible to demonstrate the levels of influence that the factors mentioned above reflected in relation to the performance of the link and the available bandwidth. The proposed model can be considered as an excellent tool for the analysis of future works related to the design of WISP.

Oligopolistic competition among the wireless internet service providers of Malaysia using fuzzy soft graphs

The competitive relationship among the objects of a system often show variation when it is examined relative to different aspects or attributes. Fuzzy soft theory allows parametrization in the problems with vague data, as it inherits the properties of a fuzzy set and soft set simultaneously. This feature of fuzzy soft theory influenced us to represent the variation in competition that appears among the constituents of a system. This article presents the competition graph and economic competition graph in fuzzy soft theory; the fuzzy soft competition graph and fuzzy soft economic competition graph. Various extensions of the proposed graphs like fuzzy soft k-competition graphs, p-competition fuzzy soft graph and m-step fuzzy soft competition graphs have also been defined together with examples and some important results. An application to fuzzy soft economic competition graphs is provided that shows diverse competition among the wireless internet service providers of Malaysia. As there exist only a few mobile operators which facilitate the whole country with the wireless internet service, this competitive market structure is an oligopoly. The strength of oligopolistic (economic) competition is also manipulated. An algorithm is also established that evaluates the strength of any fuzzy soft economic competition among the sellers.

An Accurate Empirical Path Loss Model for Heterogeneous Fixed Wireless Networks Below 5.8 GHz Frequencies

Great progress has been made in providing convenient wireless communications with easy connectivity for users everywhere. Many empirical path loss (PL) models have been developed to assess the performance of new radio networks. This article first studies the state-of-the-art of empirical PL models, along with vegetation effects on radio signal propagation. Next, an accurate empirical PL model is proposed for fixed wireless networks under challenging rural propagation conditions. The proposed model is based on a Canadian dataset from a wireless internet service provider, using the Wireless-To-The-Home technology in the unlicensed 900 MHz, 2.4 and 5.8 GHz ISM bands and in the licensed 3.65 GHz band. The proposed model considers several parameters, such as line-of-sight obstructions, frequency bands and dynamic link distance splitting, in addition to seasonal variations in PL attenuation. It outperforms other models in terms of accuracy when tested on a dataset from a different Canadian region, and it provides excellent and steady accuracy when tested on a largely different open-access dataset for mobile communication technology from seven different regions in England.

5G Mobile Broadband: Spectrum Challenges for Rural Regions

Wireless technologies offer potential advantages for extending broadband to rural regions because they do not require costly extension of optical fiber that requires trenching through difficult terrain that could include mountains, deserts, roadless expanses, and/or permafrost in the far North. Also usage is shifting from fixed to mobile, even in rural areas, as smart phones and other “smart” devices are becoming increasingly popular, and operators strive to provide additional bandwidth to cope with demand. Wireless 5G (fifth generation) is currently considered the most promising technology to address the explosive growth in demand not only for consumer services but for public safety, remote monitoring, logistics, and other applications. Mobile 5G technology promises greatly increased bandwidth for mobile devices and potentially for other broadband services. Yet 5G presents challenges that may not only make it difficult to offer in rural areas, but may hinder the availability of other more cost-effective wireless solutions. This paper examines the challenges of extending broadband to rural and remote regions, particularly as posed by 5G technology in terms of installation cost, availability of spectrum, and other factors that may influence availability and affordability of broadband in rural regions. It reviews proposals to transfer spectrum currently used for fixed terrestrial and satellite broadband to 5G, and implications for service availability, quality, and pricing. It also examines implications for existing community and rural WISPs (wireless internet service providers) and other entrepreneurs and organizations that may want to offer broadband in rural areas. These issues are addressed through analysis of policy drivers to expedite investment in 5G (e.g. to keep up with other countries implementing 5G and to take advantage of purported economic benefits of 5G) and the resulting rush to reallocate spectrum for 5G. It includes a case study of current Canadian government efforts to reallocate spectrum for 5G from fixed satellite services, still critical for provision of communication services in the far North, as an example of how 5G spectrum policies may affect rural communities and small service providers. The paper proposes criteria for reallocating rural spectrum that would not endanger current broadband delivery to rural and remote regions. It concludes with lessons from the case study and recommendations for policy makers facing the challenges of formulating policies for 5G within a context of commitments to provide universal access to broadband, including in rural unserved and underserved regions.

Technical, economic and regulatory analysis for the implementation of the subscription audio and video service using IPTV technology for a WISP of the canton General Villamil Playas

Introduction. The present work begins with the study of IPTV technology and the knowledge of the equipment installed in the wireless network Multipoint Point of the Company CELERITEL which is a Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP), whose main node is located in the Canton General Villamil Beaches. Objective. Establish the technical-economic and regulatory viability for the implementation of audio and video subscription service using IPTV technology over a wireless access network SAI, based on a technical analysis, an economic financial review and a study of current regulations. Materials and methods An analysis of the state of the art was carried out, for which articles of medium and high impact on the subject were searched and they were chosen by importance and theme. This exploratory research was consigned between 2013 and 2018. The analysis of these was based on qualitative indicators. Results It is expected that with the same equipment of the point-to-multipoint network of the WISP located in the General Canton of Villamil Playas, the subscriber will receive audio and video content from the installed video server under demand. Conclusion. What is different from our study is that a wireless network that operates on unlicensed frequencies for the distribution of AVS using IPTV technology will be used as an access network.

Penta-band microstrip patch antenna with small frequency ratios using metamaterial for wireless applications

AbstractA novel shape penta-band microstrip patch antenna is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna shows five operating frequencies and can be used for various wireless applications, i.e. 2.58 GHz for non-direct line of sight, wireless Internet service providers, and compatible with Navini Networks; 3.17 and 3.42 GHz for WiMAX; 4 GHz for C-band application such as weather radar systems; and 5.3 GHz for higher WLAN. Very small frequency ratios of the values 1.2286, 1.078, 1.169, and 1.325 are achieved between two consecutive resonant frequencies. Antenna design techniques for achieving five bands are presented and discussed step by step. The analysis is done by Ansoft HFSS v.15, and results are verified with experimental results of fabricated prototypes.

IPTV technology for the wireless Internet service provider (WISP)

This article describes the implementation of the IPTV technology through an open source system for the wireless Internet service provider (WISP) in the Cerecita site, located in the province of Guayas, Ecuador. The feasibility of implementing the IPTV technology is given through the use of the Emby Server application, in addition to the use of an operating system such as CentOS 7, which are open source and have the necessary requirements for the creation of this service. The analysis of data tra c generated on the WISP network, which will establish the advantages and disadvantages generated by the transmission of this technology, created to VOD multimedia content server that allows the video signal to be sent to users Finally, a feasibility study was carried out to analyze the advantages and disadvantages that exist in the implementation of this IPTV technology.

Dynamic Provider Selection & Power Resource Management in Competitive Wireless Communication Markets

In this paper the combined problem of Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP) selection by the mobile customers and corresponding power allocation is treated, in order to meet user expectations and satisfaction in a competitive wireless communication market with several co-existing WISPs. Each WISP is characterized by a price and service-based reputation, formed based on its adopted pricing policy and its success to satisfy customers’ Quality of Service (QoS) prerequisites, the latter implicitly characterizing the specific WISP’s market penetration factor. The customers who act as learning automata selecting the most appropriate WISP adopt a machine learning based mechanism. The optimal power allocation is concluded from the maximization problem of each user’s utility function, which is confronted as a non-cooperative game among users and its Nash equilibrium is determined. The output of the resource allocation problem feeds the learning system in order to build knowledge and conclude to the optimal provider selection. A two-stage iterative algorithm is proposed in order to realize the machine learning provider selection and the distributed resource allocation. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated via modeling and simulation and its superiority against other state of the art approaches is illustrated.

Market Structure and Broadband Internet Quality

This paper investigates the effects of the number of firms and their product‐type on broadband Internet quality. We estimate a model that relates the actual speeds delivered, in census block groups to the number of wireline and wireless internet service providers (ISP's), cost and demand conditions, and correction terms for the endogeneity of market structure. Model estimates show four main findings. Wireline speeds are often higher in markets with two or more wireline ISP's than with a single wireline ISP. Excluding the correction terms from the analysis understates this effect. Increases in wireline speeds are larger in the upstream direction, and there is no relationship between wireline speeds and the number of wireless ISP's.

Cost Efficiency for Economical Mobile Data Traffic Management From Users’ Perspective

Explosive demand for wireless internet services has posed critical challenges for wireless networks due to their limited capacity. To tackle this hurdle, wireless Internet service providers (WISPs) take the smart data pricing to manage data traffic loads. Meanwhile, from the users’ perspective , it is also reasonable and desired to employ mobile data traffic management under the pricing policies of WISPs to improve the economic efficiency of data consumption. In this paper, we introduce a concept of cost efficiency (CE) for user’s mobile data management, defined as the ratio of user’s mobile data consumption benefits and its expense. We propose an integrated CE-based data traffic management scheme, including long-term data demand planning, short-term data traffic pre-scheduling, and real-time data traffic management. The real-time data traffic management algorithm is proposed to coordinate user’s data consumption to tailor to the pre-scheduled data traffic profile. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of CE framework in indicating and motivating mobile user’s data consumption behavior. The proposed management scheme can effectively motivate the user to adjust its data consumption profile to obtain the optimal data consumption CE.

AMUSE: Empowering Users for Cost-Aware Offloading with Throughput-Delay Tradeoffs

To cope with recent exponential increases in demand for mobile data, wireless Internet service providers (ISPs) are increasingly changing their pricing plans and deploying WiFi hotspots to offload their mobile traffic. However, these ISP-centric approaches for traffic management do not always match the interests of mobile users. Users face a complex, multi-dimensional tradeoff between cost, throughput, and delay in making their offloading decisions: while they may save money and receive a higher throughput by waiting for WiFi access, they may not wait for WiFi if they are sensitive to delay. To navigate this tradeoff, we develop AMUSE (Adaptive bandwidth Management through USer-Empowerment), a functional prototype of a practical, cost-aware WiFi offloading system that takes into account a user's throughput-delay tradeoffs and cellular budget constraint. Based on predicted future usage and WiFi availability, AMUSE decides which applications to offload to what times of the day. Since nearly all traffic flows from mobile devices are TCP flows, we introduce a new receiver-side bandwidth allocation mechanism to practically enforce the assigned rate of each TCP application. Thus, AMUSE users can optimize their bandwidth rates according to their own cost-throughput-delay tradeoff without relying on support from different apps' content servers. Through a measurement study of 20 smartphone users' traffic usage traces, we observe that though users already offload a large amount of some application types, our framework can offload a significant additional portion of users' cellular traffic. We implement AMUSE and evaluate its effectiveness with 3G and WiFi usage data obtained from a trial with 37 mobile users. Our results show that AMUSE improves user utility, when compared with AMUSE, other offloading algorithms yield 14\% and 27\% lower user utilities for light and heavy users, respectively.

English

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are developing to be the key technology of the next generation wireless network. As the WMNs are envisioned to provide high bandwidth broadband service to a large community of users, it is attracting the wireless internet service providers. Internet Gateway (IGW) which acts as a central point of internet attachment for the mesh routers, it is likely to be a potential bottleneck because of its limited wireless link capacity. Indeed, if traffic is routed in the mesh without considering traffic distribution, as well as link capacities, some gateways may rapidly get overloaded due to unevenly utilization of network resources. So, whenever the users intend to communicate with the outside networks via the internet gateways the load of the internet gateway must be balanced to a void overloading any gateways. In this paper we discuss about various load balancing techniques of gateway selection.

Using multi-objective metaheuristics for the optimal selection of positioning systems

The interworking between cellular and wireless local area networks, as well as the spreading of mobile devices equipped with several positioning technologies pave the ground to new and more favorable indoor/outdoor location-based services (LBSs). Thus, wireless internet service providers are required to take several positioning methods into account at the same time, to leverage the different features of existing technologies. This would allow providing LBSs satisfying the user-required quality of position in terms of accuracy, privacy, power consumption, and often, conflicting features. Therefore, this paper presents GlobalPreLoc, a multi-objective strategy for the dynamic and optimal selection of positioning technologies. The strategy exploits a pattern-mining algorithm for future position prediction combined with conventional multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, for choosing continuously the best location providers, accounting for the user requirements, the terminal capabilities, and the surrounding positioning infrastructures. To practically implement the strategy, we also designed an architecture based on secure user plane location specification to provide indoor and outdoor LBSs in interworking wireless networks exploiting GlobalPreLoc features.

Rated Window and Packet Size Differentiation Methods for Per-Rate TCP Fairness Over IEEE 802.11

In WLANs, with the existence of multi-rate capability, the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) of MAC layer protocol equalizes the throughput of all the stations regardless of their own link rate. This equalization leads to the Performance Anomaly of IEEE 802.11 where the throughput of the station with the higher data transmission rate is decreased as much as that of the lower rate station. The objective of this study was to provide fair proportional throughput for TCP flows of competing stations in multi-rate IEEE 802.11 WLANs infrastructure. This research considers the scenarios when there are other kinds of unfairness along with per-rate unfairness. In this work, Rated Window and Packet Size Differentiation schemes are proposed by adjusting window and packet size according to the availability of buffer size in the access point and transmission rates of each flow. We validate the proposed methods by means of simulation and compare the results of the total throughput and fairness index with previous methods. The results show that the proposed methods generate fair service in terms of proportional throughput among wireless stations having different numbers and directions of flow with various data transmission rates. By getting appropriate fairness among stations in WLAN infrastructure, a Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP) can significantly increase its revenue by providing various appropriate service plans.

Royalties vs. upfront lump-sum fees in data communication environments

Mobile communications markets worldwide, today, are saturated, the number of mobile network operators (MNOs) in market is declining, mobile revenues are stagnant or falling, MNOs are becoming wireless Internet service providers, and economies of scope are strengthening. This paper challenges existing dominant views on spectrum assignment and license fee payments, estimates spectrum fees that MNOs would have paid under royalties and then compares them with upfront lump-sum fees actually paid by 3G licensees. This paper further proposes that governments need to consider assigning additional spectrum to incumbents as needs arise without using auctions and adopting royalties as a way of collecting spectrum fees should they collect them.

The Effects of Consumer Preferences for Wireless Internet Services on the Demand for Mobile Devices

Recently, smart phones such as the Galaxy S and IPhone, and tablet PCs such as the Galaxy Tab have been introduced and become widespread in the market, thus the environment for wireless Internet services has been improving. As the market has improved, consumer preferences for mobile devices and the relationship between these devices and wireless Internet services regarding consumer preferences have become a very important issue. However, although there have been a considerable number of studies on the demand for mobile devices, it is not easy to find previous studies on the relationship between consumer preferences for specific attributes of wireless Internet services and the demand for mobile devices. The main purpose of this study is to analyze which mobile device is more likely to be preferred or become the main channel for wireless Internet services and how the demand for each mobile device is influenced by consumer preferences for specific attributes of wireless broadband Internet services used on it, and to induce managerial implications based on the main findings. To derive the results on consumer preferences, conjoint analysis is used. The survey was conducted using 1,000 Korean consumers. In the survey, respondents are allowed to choose more than one hypothetical alternative representing a mobile device combined with a certain type of wireless broadband Internet service if they desired. To estimate the consumer preferences quantitatively, a multivariate probit model is used. According to the estimation results, owing to their portability, smart phones are more likely to become a major channel for wireless Internet services despite their drawbacks in terms of display size and performance. Portability is the most important factor affecting the choice of a mobile device when using wireless Internet services. Therefore, manufacturers of mobile devices for wireless Internet services should improve the overall functionality and performances of mobile devices without negatively affecting portability. However, at the same time, consumer preferences for specific attributes of wireless Internet services are found to affect the demand of each mobile device much differently. Therefore, the prediction that smart phones will be the prevalent mobile device for use of wireless Internet services can be somewhat changed, depending on which and how wireless Internet services are provided to each mobile device and how they affect the demand for each mobile device. As mentioned above, there are significant differences between mobile devices with regard to the effects of mobility, data transfer speed, type of contents or Internet interface for wireless Internet services. It is found that the mobility of wireless Internet service is highly valued for smaller devices, but not much for notebook PCs. In contrast, data transfer speed and similarities in the type of contents or Internet interface to those provided by fixed broadband Internet services become more important for larger mobile devices. Thus, it is necessary for wireless Internet service providers to differentiate and optimize their contents and Internet interfaces properly for various mobile devices. Additionally, it is reasonable that manufacturers of smart phones focus on mobility and portability (or convenience) rather than adding sophisticated functions or pursuing higher-level specifications. Further, for smart phones, for which mobility and convenience are important, wireless Internet service providers should develop and provide easy and convenient programs, rather than advanced programs that require high device performance. Lastly, with respect to individual demographics, young and highly educated people are more likely to be consumers of newly introduced mobile devices for using wireless Internet services. Therefore, these young and highly educated consumers should be considered a major target for manufacturers of mobile devices for wireless Internet services.