Wireless Image Transmission Research Articles

An Efficient Source–Channel Coding for Wireless Image Transmission Over Underwater Acoustic Channel

In this paper, a complete system for image transmission in harsh underwater environment is proposed. The key to increase the performance of the system is the use of an efficient image compression algorithm with a bandwidth-efficient modulation technique. The wavelet packet (WP) decomposition is used to get the best image representation and the set partitioning in hierarchical trees is applied on the WP coefficients. The parental conflicts are resolved, the parent–child relationships are adapted and thus the similarities between cross-subbands are preserved. Reed–Solomon is used for forward error correction to combat with the errors in wireless transmission. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with differential quadrature phase shift keying is used to transmit the generated bit stream. Effective image quality metrics are used for objective evaluation. Results show that the proposed system manages to transmit images over the limited bandwidth, and to effectively minimize the perceptual degradation.

Design of optical-acoustic hybrid underwater wireless sensor network

High-speed underwater wireless transmission technologies are urgently demanded to transmit three-dimensional high-resolution observation data timely in ocean exploration. Currently, underwater acoustic sensor networks have obtained high transmission distance, but with low date rate, high power consumption, high cost and damage to marine mammals. Meanwhile, underwater optical communications can achieve high date rate, but with difficult networking and short communication distance. This paper proposed a kind of novel Optical-Acoustic hybrid Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (OA-UWSN) which employed optical communication for high-speed transmission at close range and employed acoustic communication for transmitting control commands and node localization. OA-UWSN accomplished long-distance optical transmission through directional optical communication and multi-hop transmission mechanism. The problem of difficult networking in optical communication was solved by designing the whole space optical repeater. With the characteristics of directional optical transmission, the Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) technology was employed in Data Link Layer (DLL) to improve the data transmission efficiency. A routing protocol based on reverse route search was designed to improve the network life cycle and adapt to network topology which changed frequently. The paper proposed a solution for wireless transmission of real-time video and images in marine exploration and provided new methods for high-speed transmission of marine information detection.

Wireless image fuzzy recognition system for human activity

This study developed a fuzzy image model system for transmitting data over a wireless network channel to efficiently realize human activity in virtual images presentation. Because of the excellent mobile characteristics of wireless sensing networks, small devices are very desirable for local-area deployment. Complex model identification problems, such as acquiring and handling wireless image patterns, require analyzing a large amount of data, which occupies a long time at an acceptable transmission quality. In the proposed system, a cross-layer access method is employed to improve the visual clarity. Image packets are assigned to tune the category queue priority, with the probability allocated through a Markov chain model. This is a favorable approach to balancing the wireless image transmission traffic load. The similarity mixing algorithm, which is based on the maximal similarity and minimal disparity concepts, is used to aggregate the primary image features. The collected image patterns with converted coding vectors are efficiently trained through a human feature recognition procedure to generate a human model. A human action is received in real time from wireless sensing networks, and the image feature is retrieved by approximating a higher compatibility in practice simulations. The fuzzy image model uses the simple region-based evaluation and flexible extraction concepts to describe appropriate image partitions. This technology provides the highest possibility of human feature maps to identify the current action and offers a simple method for detecting human activity in indoor environments. Several human sensing and feature mapping experiments were conducted to verify the feasibility of applying the image recognition technology in nonlinear, time variant, and uncertain human activity problems. This study integrates numerous advantages from the mobility of wireless sensing; the proposed system efficiently controls congested image packages and easily confirms their related human activity. Experimental results verify that 60 testing frames approach about 96.6% accuracy within 3 s. These evaluations illustrate that it is applicable usage in some indoor environments.

Insights on Error-Resilient Image Transmission Schemes on Wireless Network

Usage of image as data (or signal) is quite frequent in majority of the user-centric application. However, transmission of image over non-concrete communication medium like air is still vulnerable due to inherent weakness of wireless communication e.g. interference, noise, scattering, fading, security etc. Wireless image transmission has yet unsolved problems when it comes to error resiliency. In this paper, we have reviewed the significant research contribution published in last 5 years associated with wireless image transmission, channel coding mechanism, and investigated the scale of effectiveness in the techniques based on advantages and limitations. We also extracted a significant research gap, which requires immediate attention. Hence, we propose our future direction of work with an indicative architectural design in order to address the problems identified in research gap from existing literatures. This paper is meant to brief about the existing system and practical approaches to solve such problems.

Performance Evaluation of SC-FDMA Systems Using Wireless Images

Recently, single crarrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) has drawn great attention in wireless communications due to its low peak-to-average power ratio and low sensitivity to carrier frequency offsets. The aim of this paper is to investigate and test the wireless image transmission over SC-FDMA with consideration of different basis functions, different modulation schemes and different subcarriers mapping schemes. Several experiments are carried out and the obtained results show that the wireless images transmission over SC-FDMA systems is possible efficiently. Simulation results also show that the interleaved systems significantly improve the clarity of the received image and their performances are better than that of the localized systems irrespective of the wireless channel or the modulation scheme used. Moreover, the results show that the discrete cosine transform (DCT)-based SC-FDMA (DCT-SC-FDMA) and discrete sine transform (DST)-based SC-FDMA (DST-SC-FDMA) system achieve better performance than the conventional discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based SC-FDMA (DFT-SC-FDMA) system in terms of Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) values.

Soft decoding algorithms for optimized JPEG 2000 wireless transmission over realistic MIMO-OFDM systems

In this paper, we investigate a new cross layer PHYsical/APPlication (PHY-APP) communication strategy for scalable JPEG 2000 wireless image transmission over a realistic Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system. To exploit the channel diversity, we use a closed-loop MIMO-OFDM scheme. In the proposed scheme, the MIMO channel is decomposed into several hierarchical Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) subchannels by using a precoding approach. The scalable bitstream is divided into hierarchical quality layers which are passing through these SISO subchannels. In this paper, we propose a Joint Source-Channel (JSC) decoding approach based on soft-inputs decoding techniques to decrease the error rates at the reception without introducing extra redundancy. This scheme involves the serial concatenation of a soft-input soft-output Reed-Solomon (RS) decoder and a soft-input arithmetic decoder that were integrated into the JPEG 2000 wireless decoder. The objective of our approach is to guarantee the Quality of Service (QoS) required by the user for varying channel states. To this end, a link adaption strategy adjusting all the systems parameters of each SISO sub-channel (number of used subchannels, modulation order, Forward Error Correction (FEC) code capability, source coding rate) is also adopted in order to maximize the image visual quality at the reception. Thus, Unequal Error Protection (UEP), Unequal Power Allocation (UPA), adaptive modulation and source coding rate are provided for each quality layer. Simulation results of the optimized adaptive strategy illustrate good image quality improvements at the receiver side compared to a non adaptive strategy, with significant Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) gains, especially for a realistic noisy channel provided by a 3D ray-tracing software.

The Wireless Image Transmission System of Capsule Endoscope Based on STM32F103

In order to improve the real-time and accuracy of capsule endoscope image transmission system, and reduce the system volume, this paper proposes a low-power low-cost wireless image transmission system based on SoC chips and STM32F103 embedded micro controller. We adopted the CMOS camera module OV2640 with JPEG compressed image processing and 2.4 GHz wireless transceiver chip nRF24LE1 for image acquisition and wireless transmission, using STM32F103C8 to control the wireless chip nRF24L01 and transmit to the PC via USB interface. This paper analyzed the chips’ structures and functions, and introduced the hardware structure and software scheme of the system. The experimental results showed that the system can get clear and stable images.

Research and design of the image monitoring node for fish pond based on ZigBee

In order to solve the problem of wireless image transmission in fish pond, a wireless intelligent image sensor node is designed in this study. The hard ware processing platform combines Chip CC2530. Image frame, which is collected by the serial camera, is divided into numerous data packets which are transmitted through ZigBee protocol one by one. Canny edge detection algorithm is used to edge extract image data in order to detect if there are any loss of data packets during the process. The divided data packets are transmitted through the network, and eventually the environment image of the fish pond was formed. According to the experiment, the Relay Node added with power amplifier can perform the information bridge between the Image Acquisition Node and the Image Receiving Node effectively and realize the remote transmission of data. Meanwhile, the loss rate of data packets is low, and the node has retransmission function if there is loss of data packets. Realizing the collection and transmission of the environment image in the pond, the node can satisfy the requirements of fish pond environment monitoring.

Error concealment using data hiding in wireless image transmission

Error concealment using data hiding in wireless image transmission

Analysis of Decorrelation Transform Gain for Uncoded Wireless Image and Video Communication.

An uncoded transmission scheme called SoftCast has recently shown great potential for wireless video transmission. Unlike conventional approaches, SoftCast processes input images only by a series of transformations and modulates the coefficients directly to a dense constellation for transmission. The transmission is uncoded and lossy in nature, with its noise level commensurate with the channel condition. This paper presents a theoretical analysis for an uncoded visual communication, focusing on developing a quantitative measurements for the efficiency of decorrelation transform in a generalized uncoded transmission framework. Our analysis reveals that the energy distribution among signal elements is critical for the efficiency of uncoded transmission. A decorrelation transform can potentially bring a significant performance gain by boosting the energy diversity in signal representation. Numerical results on Markov random process and real image and video signals are reported to evaluate the performance gain of using different transforms in uncoded transmission. The analysis presented in this paper is verified by simulated SoftCast transmissions. This provide guidelines for designing efficient uncoded video transmission schemes.

Compact Wireless Microscope for In-Situ Time Course Study of Large Scale Cell Dynamics within an Incubator.

Imaging of live cells in a region of interest is essential to life science research. Unlike the traditional way that mounts CO2 incubator onto a bulky microscope for observation, here we propose a wireless microscope (termed w-SCOPE) that is based on the “microscope-in-incubator” concept and can be easily housed into a standard CO2 incubator for prolonged on-site observation of the cells. The w-SCOPE is capable of tunable magnification, remote control and wireless image transmission. At the same time, it is compact, measuring only ~10 cm in each dimension, and cost-effective. With the enhancement of compressive sensing computation, the acquired images can achieve a wide field of view (FOV) of ~113 mm2 as well as a cellular resolution of ~3 μm, which enables various forms of follow-up image-based cell analysis. We performed 12 hours time-lapse study on paclitaxel-treated MCF-7 and HEK293T cell lines using w-SCOPE. The analytic results, such as the calculated viability and therapeutic window, from our device were validated by standard cell detection assays and imaging-based cytometer. In addition to those end-point detection methods, w-SCOPE further uncovered the time course of the cell’s response to the drug treatment over the whole period of drug exposure.

Adaptive FEC coding and cooperative relayed wireless image transmission

High quality image transmission through smart devices requires high transmission rate, throughput and low Bit Error Rate (BER). At the same time, energy efficiency is always the top issue for the battery-based smart devices such as smart phone, tablets, etc. In this paper, an adaptive Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding and cooperative relayed image transmission system is proposed, through which both transmission quality and energy efficiency could be promised under complex mobile communication channel environment. There are four steps in the proposed scheme: (1) Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and wavelet based Decomposition, (2) Pixel-Position (PP) information and Pixel-Value (PV) information split based unequal image resource allocation, (3) transmission through channel fading and AWGN communication environment, (4) multiple-relays and adaptive channel coding. Comparing to traditional methods, our proposed method is more practical to transmit high quality images through battery-limited smart phone platforms.

Integration of 3G Wireless Image Transmission System with the Aerial Search and Rescue UAV

With the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), the applications of the UAV are more and more extensively, and one of the important applications is aerial search and rescue. Using the UAV for search and rescue can save cost and avoid the risk of personal injury. Nowadays, the UAV usually use analog 1.2GHz, 2.4GHz or 5.8GHz real-time video transmission system. Because of the limited transmission bandwidth, the maximum resolution is only 640*480, which is not enough for aerial search. It is difficult to search and identify the small target by this aerial image with only 640*480 resolutions. Because the mobile devices and 3G base stations are widespread, this research integrated the UAV with a mobile device to perform time lapse photography App. The high resolution (2688*1520 pixels) photo can be transmitted to the cloud server via 3G network. The GCS (ground control station) can receive these high resolution photos from cloud servers. With these high resolution aerial photos, the rescued targets can be found and identified more easily. Using the EXIF (Exchangeable image file format) information of the aerial photo, the GPS coordinate of the target can be acquired.

Wireless Image Compression and Transmission for Underwater Robotic Applications?

Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for underwater robotic intervention systems around the world in several application domains. Examples of applications include search and recovery (i.e. aviation or naval accidents), archaeology, offshore industry, environment protection and monitoring, etc. The commercially available systems are expensive and far from what it is demanded in many aspects, justifying the need of more autonomous, cheap and easy-to- use solutions for underwater intervention missions. Most of them consist of remote operated vehicles, relying on an umbilical cable for its remote operation. This umbilical provides high bandwidth and reliable communications between the vehicle and the operator, but also presents some drawbacks: high cost, movement and depth constraints, lack of autonomy, etc. The current trend is to advance towards less expensive and more autonomous systems, where the umbilical is not present, and the transmission of wireless information is necessary. This work analyses the use of an underwater RF link to provide affordable communications. Moreover, different data compression techniques that can be used to optimize underwater wireless communications are analysed. Image transmission performance results in pool conditions are presented and discussed.

A Robust Wireless Image Transmission for ITS Broadcast Environment Using Compressed Sensing

A Robust Wireless Image Transmission for ITS Broadcast Environment Using Compressed Sensing

Wireless Image Transmission Based on Cognitive Radio for Robotic Communication

Wireless communication plays a vital role in robotic communication. The robots can communicate using any of the wireless standards like Bluetooth, Zigbee, Wi-fi, etc. based on the application. Many applications involve wireless transmission of images from the robots to the access point. The images can be transmitted at a particular frequency based on the wireless standard. However, interference is a major issue in wireless communication. In order to overcome interference and to make use of white space spectrum, cognitive radio is used. Hence in this paper, wireless image transmission based on cognitive radio is proposed for robotic communication. The paper proposes an efficient design of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based cognitive radio to transmit and receive grayscale images over an AWGN channel. OFDM technologies are particularly well suited to cognitive radio applications because of the ease to which signals can be adapted to channel conditions and capacity requirements. The narrowband interference rejection is facilitated by suitable subcarrier allocation. The whole system has been designed and analyzed using SystemVue software.

애드 혹 네트워크 기반의 무선 영상 관측용 임베디드 시스템의 두 가지 설계 기법들

In this paper, the two design techniques of the embedded system which provides a wireless image observation with temporary ad-hoc network are proposed and developed. The first method is based on the embedded system design technique for a nearly real-time wireless short observation application, having a specific remote monitoring node with a built-in image processing function, and having the maximum rate of 1 fps (frame per second) wireless image transmission capability of a 160x128size image. The second technique uses the embedded system for a general wireless long observation application, consisting of the main node, the remote monitoring node, and the system controller with built-in image processing function, and the capability of the wireless image transmission rate of 1/3 fps. The proposed system uses the wireless ad-hoc network which is widely accepted as a short range, low power, and bidirectional digital communication, the hardware are consisted of the general developed modules, a small digital camera, and a PC, and the embedded software based upon the Zigbee stack and the user interface software are developed and tested on the implemented module. The wireless environment analysis and the performance results are presented. 논문 14-39A-05-08 The Journal of Korea Information and Communications Society '14-05 Vol.39A No.05 http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2014.39A.5.271 271 ※ 본 연구는 2010년도 정부(교육과학기술부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 기초연구사업임(No.2010-0023678) ° First Author and Corresponding Author : Hallym University 전자공학과 통신시스템 연구실, yulee@hallym.ac.kr, 정회원 * 한림대학교 전자공학과대학원, sssong@hallym.ac.kr, jwpark9023@hallym.ac.kr 논문번호:KICS2014-02-068, Received February 28, 2014; Reviewed April 23, 2014; Accepted April 23, 2014 The Journal of Korea Information and Communications Society '14-05 Vol.39A No.05

Analog Joint Source Channel Coding for Wireless Optical Communications and Image Transmission

An analog joint source channel coding (JSCC) system is developed for wireless optical communications. Source symbols are mapped directly onto channel symbols using space filling curves and then a non-linear stretching function is used to reduce distortion. Different from digital systems, the proposed scheme does not require long block lengths to achieve good performance reducing the complexity of the decoder significantly. This paper focuses on intensity-modulated direct-detection (IM/DD) optical wireless systems. First, a theoretical analysis of the IM/DD wireless optical channel is presented and the prototype communication system designed to transmit data using analog JSCC is introduced. The nonlinearities of the real channel are studied and characterized. A novel technique to mitigate the channel nonlinearities is presented. The performance of the real system follows the simulations and closely approximates the theoretical limits. The proposed system is then used for image transmission by first taking samples of a set of images using compressive sensing and then encoding the measurements using analog JSCC. Both simulation and experimental results are shown.

서버기반 모바일 다국어 명함인식 시스템

본 연구에서는 문자인식기술의 활용도를 높이고 인식률을 높이기 위해 스마트폰을 문자영상의 입력, 인식결과의 디스플레이, 영상전송을 위한 단말기로만 활용하고 서버에서 문자인식을 처리하도록 하는 서버기반 모바일 다국어 명함인식 시스템을 개발하였다. 인식 시스템에서는 스마트폰에서 촬영된 영상의 효율적인 처리와 전송을 위해, 왜곡보정과 잡음제거 등을 수행하였고, 인식서버와의 효율적인 영상전송을 위한 소켓기반 프로토콜을 정의하였다. 5개 언어의 명함들에 대한 다양한 실험을 통해 개발된 시스템이 기존 스마트폰 기반 문자인식기에 비해 향상된 인식률과 인식속도를 보였다. In this study, we developed a server-based mobile multi-lingual name-card recognition system which utilizes smartphone only as a terminal for capturing images of name-card and displaying results of recognition, running server as a recognizer of characters. For efficient processing and transmission of captured images, we corrected the distorted images, removed noises from them, and defined the socket-based protocol for wireless transmission of images between smartphone and the recognizer on server. Various tests for name-cards of five language types show increased recognition rate and speed of the developed system against conventional smartphone-based recognizers.

Wireless Image Transmission System

A wireless image transmission system is proposed, which in order to offset the disadvantages of wire video monitor laying points hard, and disadvantages of wire video monitor implementing hard in bad circumstance. The core of the system is TI series of C5000 high speed DSP processor and radio frequency wireless communication chip. Through DSP transplantation of JPEG compression algorithm, complete image collection and image compression through DSP, use wireless receiving and sending module to complete wireless images data transmission. Use wireless receiving and sending module instead of emitter and network as image data transmission device, low cost, not required network fee, system can real-time complete terminal images collection and show. It can apply community guard and video monitor of deploying points urgently in the electric power system, factory, bank and other important department, which dont require higher performance.