Wireless Health Research Articles

Wearable health technology: integrating devices and health care systems for better monitoring

Wearable health technology has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry by allowing continuous monitoring, timely identification of health problems, and customized treatment. This paper presents a possible integration of wearable technology in a healthcare system, introducing a smartwatch, a fitness tracker, and biosensors in improving patient observation and care. The integrated wearable devices with electronic health records, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics lead toward better decision-making processes, improved patient outcomes, and cost efficiency in health care delivery. While discussing the wireless health technologies, the paper addresses the problems regarding data privacy, interoperability, and patient engagement in the implementation of wearable health technologies.

Exploring the influence of concave-convex surface modifications on piezoelectric wind energy harvesting: A numerical analysis

Wireless health monitoring sensors are significant for the safety of sea-crossing bridges, and their operation is dependent on a durable and reliable power source. Piezoelectric wind energy harvesters (PWEHs) can be effectively utilized in windy marine environments and provide a sustainable power supply for these sensors. This paper examines the influence of concave-convex surface modifications of a circular cylinder on the performance of the PWEH through numerical research to improve the output and operational bandwidth of traditional harvesters using cylindrical bluff bodies. An electromechanical model, coupled with computational fluid dynamics on low-Reynolds-number flows, was developed and different concave-convex configurations were proposed to explore the impact by numerical experiments. The results show that the configuration with two protrusions plus one groove is the optimal design. This configuration exhibits a much higher output with a maximum voltage of 19.5 V, representing a 464% increase compared to the cylindrical bluff body's 4.2 V, and a broader bandwidth with no upper limit across the wind speed range. This study provides insight into effective and ineffective efforts to enhance energy harvesting through concave-convex surface modifications and is advantageous to the advancement of self-powered marine sensing systems, particularly in the health monitoring of sea-crossing bridges.

Whole-process analysis and implementation of a self-powered wireless health monitoring system for railway bridges: Theory, simulation and experiment

In this work, a self-powered wireless health monitoring system (SP-WHMS) combined with the Internet-of-Things (IoT) is proposed and implemented for a long-term and long-distance health monitoring of railway bridges. This system frees the wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) from their dependence on chemical batteries by using the piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) to harvest the vibration energy from bridges to power the WSNs. The whole-process of the SP-WHMS including energy conversion, energy storage, energy management and application is analyzed at the first time through theory, simulation and experiment. For the energy conversion, a reported PEH model with high energy conversion efficiency (called D-M PEH) is refabricated, which can achieve a maximum average output power of 0.9 W under unit harmonic acceleration excitation. For the energy storage, a high-precision iteration analysis procedure (IAP) is proposed to predict the charging process of the strong-coupled PEHs and the charging process under non-harmonic excitations. The comparison results show that the IAP’s prediction deviates less than 3% from the experiment result and even less than 1% from the simulation result. For the energy management, an AP64500 chip with two adjustable input voltage thresholds and a stable output voltage ensures the normal operation of the SP-WHMS and makes the SP-WHMS suitable for different types of WSNs. For the application, the synergies between energy conversion, storage and management are considered, and the effectiveness of the SP-WHMS used on railway bridges is tested through an activation experiment. This work provides a technical guidance and framework for the implementation of the self-powered wireless monitoring on railway bridges.

An IOT Based System for Early Identification & Monitoring of Covid-19

Abstract: This paper aims to introduce the design of an "IoT-Based System for Early Identification and Monitoring of COVID-19," with a specific focus on the systematic monitoring of heart rate and SpO2 (oxygencarrying hemoglobin in blood) through Wireless Health Monitoring. In the context of our rapidly advancing world, where health holds increasing significance, continuous monitoring emerges as a crucial aspect. While health professionals traditionally play a vital role in individual health monitoring, the rising population poses challenges to their capacity. Particularly in the current pandemic scenario, global attention to health has become paramount. Despite the existence of numerous health monitoring devices, our proposed system distinguishes itself through its convenience and efficiency.

The Wireless Health Monitoring for Neonatal Care

Abstract: The wireless health monitoring for neonatal care project addresses the critical need for advanced and non-intrusive health monitoring solutions for newborns in neonatal care settings. Approximately 10% of newborns require assistance at birth, and preterm infants often require specialized stabilization or resuscitation. Traditional monitoring methods, such as electrocardiography (ECG) and pulse oximetry (PO), face challenges in electrode application, delayed HR readings, and potential inaccuracies in assessing cardiac output. This project aims to develop a wireless health monitoring system that overcomes these limitations and offers real-time and accurate monitoring of vital parameters, with a focus on heart rate. The proposed system leverages wireless technology to enable continuous and non-intrusive monitoring, enhancing the efficiency of neonatal care in delivery rooms and neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). By incorporating state-of-the-art sensors and communication protocols, the system aims to provide timely and reliable data on neonatal vital signs. The wireless nature of the solution eliminates concerns related to electrode application difficulties, equipment availability, and the risk of hypothermia.

Graphene-Impregnated Paper-Based Electronic Skins for Robotic Intelligence and Wireless Health Monitoring

Graphene-Impregnated Paper-Based Electronic Skins for Robotic Intelligence and Wireless Health Monitoring

A Humidity‐Resistant, Sensitive, and Stretchable Hydrogel‐Based Oxygen Sensor for Wireless Health and Environmental Monitoring

AbstractHighly sensitive and wearable gas sensors are highly demanded on account of their widespread application in health and environmental monitoring. However, the sensing performance of conventional room‐temperature gas sensors are prone to fluctuate or even fail under changing humidity, temperature or putting into water, thus severely limiting their practical applications. Herein, a porous elastomer‐encapsulated hydrogel‐based oxygen sensor is designed with impressive room‐temperature sensing performance under various environmental conditions, including high precision (at ppm level), wide detection range (from 5 ppm to 90% O2), excellent repeatability, selectivity, long‐term stability, breathability, and waterproofing. The hydrophobic elastomer film prevents the water molecules from intruding and evaporating to a great extent, making the device resistant to humidity interference and applicable to underwater operation. Benefiting from the intrinsic stretchability of both hydrogel and elastomer films and their strong interfacial bonding, the final device can be stretched up to 100% strain. By integrating the sensor with a wireless circuit module, a wearable/portable oxygen sensing system for real‐time monitoring of health and environment is demonstrated, realizing timely and convenient assessment of respiratory rate, tissue oxygen, ambient oxygen, and dissolved oxygen.

Validation of mobile health technology (mhealth tech) for cardiovascular risk detection

BackgroundWireless health monitoring device is handy, reduces measurement time and aids in screening and monitoring especially in resource limited settings and remote areas leading to early diagnosis and treatment. Objective of this study was to validate mobile health technology (mhealth tech) in cardiovascular risk detection and to assess Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk based on WHO's International Society of Hypertension (ISH) risk score among the study population. MethodologyA Cross-sectional study was carried out in 172 participants. Vital parameters were measured by wireless health monitoring device and traditional methods. Pulse rate and respiratory rate were calculated manually. SPO2, temperature and blood pressure were measured by pulse oximeter, thermometer and sphygmomanometer respectively. ROC curve and Independent T-test were done. ResultsMean difference in time spent measuring vitals manually by traditional method and by wireless health monitoring device was 239.65 (P=<0.001, 95% CI = 232.91 to 246.38). Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for accuracy in diagnosing tachycardia, tachypnoea, hypoxia, hyperthermia, systolic and diastolic hypertension was 0.866 (95% CI (0.745–0.988); p=<0.001), 0.866 (95% CI (0.686–1); p=<0.001), 0.872 (95% CI (0.617–1); p = 0.011), 0.931 (95% CI (0.797–1); p=<0.001), 0.907 (95% CI (0.782–1); p=<0.001), and 0.854 (95% CI (0.651–1); p = 0.002) respectively. ConclusionWireless health monitoring devices can be used as a screening and monitoring tool. It is convenient, user-friendly and quickly measures vitals, hence can be used in centres with minimal manpower, health camps and mass screening.

Design of Android and IoS Applications for Mobile Health Monitoring Devices

This research proposes a multifunctional wireless health monitoring tool with a display for Android and iOS devices. This research aims to develop a realistic solution for real-time and conveniently accessible health monitoring via mobile devices. The device allows users to test and track health factors such as heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen levels, body temperature, and blood glucose. It collects data properly by using wireless technology and sensors. The data is subsequently supplied to the appropriate apps on Android and iOS devices. The data is presented visually in the program, making it instructive and user-friendly. The device's development technique involved extensive testing and validation against established comparators to assure accuracy. The results of this study show that this digital, multi-purpose health monitoring device works well and reliably to give real-time health information. This innovation promotes health monitoring and digital health information access.

Shape Evolution of Indium Sulfide Heterostructures via Carbon Nanotube Scrambling: Towards Reliable Sustainability and Mitigating Leakage Current in Supercapacitors

For sustainable energy storage devices with long-term endurance, exploring novel electrode materials can be a realistic focus in the areas of robust structures, surface area control, high channel conductivity, and others. A composite of a hierarchical series of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with In2S3 was synthesized by applying a simple one-step solvothermal method. A SWNT scaffold yields a good conductive pathway, leading to the improved electron transportation and catalytic behaviors. This promotes the robust formation of materials and their enhancement in surface activity and specific capacitance. Herein, the nucleated nanocomposites based on SWNT-mediated In2S3 improve the specific capacitance (1268 F·g−1 at 10 mVs−1) to a remarkable 92.4% of its capacitance even after 10,000 cycles, and furthermore, the robust cocoon-like structure of INS5 (5 mL SWNT doped in In2S3) shows an excellent 97.8% of cyclic retention (10,000 cycles). As a conceptual demonstration of system integration, the as-fabricated symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) device is successfully integrated into the Bluetooth/photoplethysmography (BLE/PPG) module for a wireless sensor network. These findings, through indium sulfides with SWNT scrambling, are expected to contribute to the next-generation solid-state-supercapacitor (SSC)-integrated module in the wireless health monitoring system.

Wearable Heart Rate Monitoring Device Communicating in 5G ISM Band for IoHT.

Advances in wearable device technology pave the way for wireless health monitoring for medical and non-medical applications. In this work, we present a wearable heart rate monitoring platform communicating in the sub-6GHz 5G ISM band. The proposed device is composed of an Aluminium Nitride (AlN) piezoelectric sensor, a patch antenna, and a custom printed circuit board (PCB) for data acquisition and transmission. The experimental results show that the presented system can acquire heart rate together with diastolic and systolic duration, which are related to heart relaxation and contraction, respectively, from the posterior tibial artery. The overall system dimension is 20 mm by 40 mm, and the total weight is 20 g, making this device suitable for daily utilization. Furthermore, the system allows the simultaneous monitoring of multiple subjects, or a single patient from multiple body locations by using only one reader. The promising results demonstrate that the proposed system is applicable to the Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT), and particularly Integrated Clinical Environment (ICE) applications.

The evolution of personalized medicine: publications review

The personalized medicine is based on suggestion that each person has unique characteristics at molecular, physiological, ecological and behavioral levels. In case of development of disease one is to be treated considering these unique characteristics. This belief was to some extent confirmed by application of such newest technologies as DNA sequencing, proteomics, imaging protocols and application of wireless health monitoring devices which established large inter-individual differences.The purpose of the study was to summarize and systematize the results of publications on personalized medicine and its development.The search for scientific articles was carried out, including the published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in Pubmed, WoS, Scopus and RSCI. The review covers 49 articles considering new technologies that make possible the personalized medicine possible, new experience, modes of verification and application of individualized medications as well as potential means of treating people with fertility problems and infertility.The individualization of medical practice in particular cases is probably inevitable all the more the individual approach to patient becomes more effective and cost-effective. The accessibility of modern biomedical technologies, emergence of wireless monitoring devices allows to implement "personalized" approach to early, subclinical diagnostic, individualization of treatment in order to obtain maximal efficiency and minimal toxicity of therapy, prevention of relapse of disease and its prevention. The technology of cell avatars will permit to prognose development of diseases and, possibly, life expectancy too. The personalized approach in reproductology based on genetic research will permit to eliminate a number of hereditary, orphan diseases in XXI century the same way as studies in immunology and development of vaccines made it possible to eliminate black smallpox in XX century.Conclusion. The future challenges consist not only in looking for new manifold modes of characterizing patient, but also in personalization of therapy, development of individual medication and disease prevention schemes. It is presumably that applying more relevant models based on human cell cultures will allow not only to study pharmacodynamics of medications, but also to implement personalized selection of medication therapy, considering nature of disease and comorbid background of patient.

Low-profile high gain circularly polarized CRLH transmission line inspired antenna with artificial magnetic conductor for wearable applications

AbstractIn this work, a compact, wideband, circularly polarized wearable antenna is proposed using asymmetric coplanar strip feeding for wireless health monitor applications in the ISM frequency band. The proposed antenna consists of a composite right/left transmission line (CRLH TL) inspired structure to achieve compactness and a rectangular ring slot is created in the metallic ground to enhance the CP radiation of the antenna. A 5 × 5 artificial magnetic conductor unit cell-based metasurface is designed which is operating at 2.4 GHz as a ground plane for the CRLH-based CP antenna. Implementation of AMC-based metasurface as a ground plane results in enhancement of radiation characteristics of CRLH TL antenna. The proposed antenna has a small footprint of 50 × 50 mm2 with measured impedance bandwidth of 2.3–3.2 GHz. The 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 2.36–2.78 GHz with peak gain of 5.89 dBi. Simulation and experimental results show that proposed AMC-based antenna is robust in terms of structural deformation. Further, to validate the performance of the antenna for biomedical applications, we have simulated the proposed antenna with human phantom model. The proposed antenna exhibits stable scattering and radiation characteristics with the phantom body environment and due to the inclusion of AMC structure, the proposed design satisfies maximum specific absorption rate value given as per the IEEE standard safety guidelines.

Liquid metal/CNTs hydrogel-based transparent strain sensor for wireless health monitoring of aquatic animals

Strain sensors are intriguing in advanced electronics and are typically composed of active sensing materials. Good elastic recovery, self-healing, good adhesion, high transparency, and great mechano-response are essential but can be rarely met in one material. Here, we report a wireless strain sensor that exhibits tissue-like mechanical properties (softness), is conformable to soft tissues (heart and tail) and has the lowest limit of detection (0.25 % stretch). After introducing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) bridged liquid metal (LM) composites (LM/CNTs), the strain sensor simultaneously achieves excellent transparency and conductivity. This LM/CNTs hydrogel overcomes the limitations of the traditional hydrogel and achieves high conductivity (up to 94 S/m), good stretchability (2,200 %), and a high degree of transparency (93 %), in addition to enough adhesion (20 kPa) and rapid self-healing (20 min). The strain sensor device is composed of intrinsically soft LM/CNTs hydrogel as sensing material, a microcontroller, signal-processing circuits, and Bluetooth transceiver. This device is applied to recording high-quality heartbeat signals and clear in-site observation of cardiac bleeding, which has helped a Chinese sturgeon survive after Caesarean. This approach provides an ideal strategy for protecting and saving endangered animals and broadens the applications of strain sensors.

Chip-less wireless electronic skins by remote epitaxial freestanding compound semiconductors.

Recent advances in flexible and stretchable electronics have led to a surge of electronic skin (e-skin)-based health monitoring platforms. Conventional wireless e-skins rely on rigid integrated circuit chips that compromise the overall flexibility and consume considerable power. Chip-less wireless e-skins based on inductor-capacitor resonators are limited to mechanical sensors with low sensitivities. We report a chip-less wireless e-skin based on surface acoustic wave sensors made of freestanding ultrathin single-crystalline piezoelectric gallium nitride membranes. Surface acoustic wave-based e-skin offers highly sensitive, low-power, and long-term sensing of strain, ultraviolet light, and ion concentrations in sweat. We demonstrate weeklong monitoring of pulse. These results present routes to inexpensive and versatile low-power, high-sensitivity platforms for wireless health monitoring devices.

Scorpion-inspired dual-bionic, microcrack-assisted wrinkle based laser induced graphene-silver strain sensor with high sensitivity and broad working range for wireless health monitoring system

Scorpion-inspired dual-bionic, microcrack-assisted wrinkle based laser induced graphene-silver strain sensor with high sensitivity and broad working range for wireless health monitoring system

Protocol Wireless Medical Sensor Networks in IoT for the Efficiency of Healthcare

In this article, a new medical communication scheme, protocol wireless medical sensor networks for the efficiency of healthcare (PWMSN4EoCH), shorten by (PEH), which uses hasty strategy and random network coding (RNC), is proposed. The new concept improves the performance of the healthcare network. It quickly analyzes the medical network description, focusing on some basic parameters for narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) systems in wireless mesh networks (WMNs). This PEH effectively meets the requirements prescribed for wireless telemedicine applications in which medical sensors (MSs) share the downlink and uplink resources to its neighborhood, including wireless health hubs (WHHs) and wireless base stations (WBSs) for controlling the health of the human body. The PEH scheme substantially accelerates the implementation devices of telemedicine for patient satisfaction. In contrast, the state-of-the-art technique (SoAT) scheme, which is currently used, misses the entirety of the proposed principle. The proposed scheme is compared with the SoAT in terms of message size (bytes), round-trip time (RTT) (ms), overall network capacity (ONC) (bytes/s, and delivery delay (DD) in ms. Our investigation has proved that the RTT, ONC, and DD of the proposed PEH are much better than the SoAT schemes, achieving 64%, 66%, and 71%, respectively. The simulation studies clearly indicate that the PEH introduces more than 64% performance enhancement over the SoAT scheme.

A piezoelectric energy harvester for freight train condition monitoring system with the hybrid nonlinear mechanism

To improve operational safety and system reliability, real-time wireless health monitoring systems are necessary for freight trains. However, due to the lack of onboard power and space restrictions, monitoring sensors rely on batteries as power sources, which are not eco-friendly and involve high maintenance costs for battery replacement. Therefore, developing self-powered maintenance-free wireless monitoring sensors integrated with energy harvesting is in urgent demand. Here, we propose a compact ultralow-frequency and broadband piezoelectric energy harvester (UBPEH) that can be easily installed in the limited space of the axle box to effectively harvest bogie lateral vibrations. The T-shaped UBPEH employs magnetic interaction to soften the stiffness and strengthen the stopper operation in a low-frequency range. To predict and optimize the prototype, we establish the model of UBPEH by considering the displacement, inclination angle, and shape of the magnets. Theoretical and experimental results show that the prototyped UBPEH might operate in the range of 1–11 Hz, covering the representative frequencies of bogie vibrations on freight trains. An output power of 605 μW on a matched resistance of 200 kΩ under the acceleration of 11 Hz and 0.5 g (g = 9.8 m s−2) is achieved, and the harvested electric power can successfully drive typical commercial wireless Bluetooth sensors. Furthermore, the harvester possesses output stability and mechanical durability under actual service hours of freight trains. The results of this work pave the way to implement self-powered wireless condition monitoring on freight trains.

A decision framework for an adaptive behavioral intervention for physical activity using hybrid model predictive control: illustration with Just Walk

ResumenLa inactividad física es uno de los principales factores que contribuyen a la morbilidad y la mortalidad mundial. Muchas intervenciones comportamentales de actividad física en la actualidad han mostrado un éxito limitado al abordar el problema desde una perspectiva a largo plazo que incluye el mantenimiento. Este artículo propone el diseño de un algoritmo de decisión para una intervención adaptativa de salud móvil e inalámbrica (mHealth) que se basa en conceptos de ingeniería de control. El proceso de diseño se basa en un modelo dinámico que representa el comportamiento basada en la Teoría Cognitiva Social (TCS), con una formulación de toma de decisiones basada en control predictivo por modelo híbrido (HMPC por sus siglas en inglés). Las características discretas y lógicas del HMPC coinciden con la naturaleza categórica de los componentes de la intervención y las decisiones lógicas que son propias de una intervención para la actividad física. La intervención incorpora un modo de reconfiguración del controlador en línea que aplica cambios en los pesos de penalización para lograr la transición entre las etapas de entrenamiento de iniciación comportamental y mantenimiento. Se ilustra el desempeño del controlador utilizando un modelo ARX estimado de datos de un participante representativo de Just Walk, una intervención de actividad física diseñada usando principios de sistemas de control.

A Review on WMSN (Wireless Medical Sensor Networks) for Health Monitoring Systems

Wireless Medical Sensor (WMSN) networks have become a great technology to allow for the best kind of applications. Recent developments at WMSN have helped to create a comprehensive health monitoring concept in both home and hospital care settings. Current technological advances in sensors, integrated dynamic circuits, and wireless connectivity have allowed the event of smaller, heavier, less expensive, and clever body sensors. These modules are able to hear, process, and communicate with one or more important signals. In addition, they will be used on local wireless networks (WPANs) or wireless nerve networks (WBSNs) to monitor health. Many studies are being conducted and/or ongoing to develop flexible, reliable, secure, realistic, and effective WBSNs for health applications. The importance of wireless nerve networks in health surveillance is constantly evolving, due to the growing need for safety and security in cities. The rapid development of wireless technology has significantly aided the advancement of monitoring systems that have been developed through the combination of wireless sensors. The wireless health monitoring introduces emerging innovations with significant advantages when compare to conventional communication networks, which has the advantages of lowering the cost of installation and maintenance while increasing the effectiveness of the health monitoring system in the field of medicine.