Wireless Battery Research Articles

Optimizing Wireless Power Transfer Systems: A Simulation-Based Approach Using CST Studio Suite

In the rapidly evolving field of wireless power transfer (WPT), achieving systems that combine efficiency with reliability is crucial. This paper presents a simulation-based approach using CST Studio Suite to optimize WPT systems for wireless battery chargers in electric bikes. The study fixes the size of both the transmitter and receiver coils, the spacing between turns, and the number of coil turns, with a set distance of 20mm between the transmitter and receiver coils. CST Studio Suite is employed to determine the parameters of resonance capacitors and the optimal switching frequency to enhance WPT efficiency. This powerful simulation tool allows researchers and engineers to design resonance compensation circuits more effectively, optimizing power transfer efficiency. The simulation conducted with CST Studio Suite confirms its effectiveness in designing a WPT system, achieving an impressive peak efficiency of 99.61% at the resonant frequency. The paper demonstrates CST Studio Suite's capability to accurately predict WPT system performance by developing detailed electromagnetic models and fine-tuning simulation parameters to reflect real operating conditions. Iterative simulations resulted in optimized practices, validated by select results that highlight the method's effectiveness and showcase an optimal balance between system complexity and efficiency. These findings provide a strategic framework for future WPT system development, offering practical guidance for researchers and industry professionals aiming to advance WPT technology.

Wireless Battery Management Systems: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Wireless Battery Management Systems: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

A Primary-Side Fixed-Frequency CC and CV Output Control for Single-Stage Wireless Battery Chargers With Series Compensation Receivers

A Primary-Side Fixed-Frequency CC and CV Output Control for Single-Stage Wireless Battery Chargers With Series Compensation Receivers

An Efficient Soft-Switching Wireless Battery Charger With Low-Loss Auxiliary Circuit

An Efficient Soft-Switching Wireless Battery Charger With Low-Loss Auxiliary Circuit

A Multimode Power Processor With Wired and Wireless Battery Charging for Electric Vehicle

The propulsion unit is the prime power module in an Electric Vehicle (EV) that keeps it moving. This module includes a propulsion motor and a power electronic interface that converts DC to three phase AC for driving the motor. In addition to this, separate power electronic modules are used for on-board wired charging and wireless charging. This paper proposes a multimode power processor for EV capable of serving the purpose of three different power modules required for propulsion, wired charging and wireless charging. This optimizes the weight, volume, and cost of the EV as separate power modules are avoided for three different modes. This paper also proposes a new scheme for the transmitting side power electronic module that taps power from the single-phase utility grid and generates high frequency AC using a resonant inverter for wireless power transfer. In both the wired and wireless charging method, the proposed technique draws power from the single-phase wall outlet, charges the EV battery pack with constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) charging logic and performs power factor correction operation at the input AC grid side. A laboratory scale prototype is developed for experimentally validating the proposed concept with a 24 V, 30 Ah battery set and a 24 V, 400 W BLDC motor.

Wireless and Catheter-Free Bladder Pressure and Volume Sensor.

Continuous monitoring of bladder activity during normal daily activities would improve clinical diagnostics and understanding of the mechanisms underlying bladder function, or help validate how differing neuromodulation strategies affect the bladder. This work describes a urological monitor of conscious activity (UroMOCA). The UroMOCA included a pressure sensor, urine impedance-sensing electrodes, and wireless battery recharge and data transmission circuitry. Components were assembled on a circuit board and encapsulated with an epoxy/silicone molded package that allowed Pt-Ir electrode feedthrough for urine contact. Packaged UroMOCAs measured 12 × 18 × 6 mm. UroMOCAs continuously transmitted data from all onboard sensors at 10 Hz at 30 cm range, and ran for up to 44 hours between wireless recharges. After in vitro calibration, implantations were performed in 11 animals. Animals carried the device for 28 days, enabling many observations of bladder behavior during natural, conscious behavior. In vivo testing confirmed the UroMOCA did not impact bladder function after a two-week healing period. Pressure data in vivo were highly correlated to a reference catheter used during an anesthetized follow-up. Static volume sensor data were less accurate, but demonstrated reliable detection of bladder volume decreases, and distinguished between voiding and non-voiding bladder events.

A Fast Primary-Side Current and Voltage Control for Direct Wireless Battery Chargers

A Fast Primary-Side Current and Voltage Control for Direct Wireless Battery Chargers

Batteries boost the internet of everything: technologies and potential orientations in renewable energy sources, new energy vehicles, energy interconnection and transmission

Rechargeable batteries, which represent advanced energy storage technologies, are interconnected with renewable energy sources, new energy vehicles, energy interconnection and transmission, energy producers and sellers, and virtual electric fields to play a significant part in the Internet of Everything (a concept that refers to the connection of virtually everything in our physical world to the internet). This promotes the transition of energy to green, low-carbon, safe and efficient. In addition, many past studies had conducted extensive review studies for research on batteries in a disintegrated manner. For example, the studies on review of battery materials and battery states estimation are conducted individually. So far, there is no comprehensive and holistic perspective of battery research combining all different aspects such as materials, structure, manufacturing, and monitoring simultaneously. One possible reason is that the researchers from different backgrounds are working in their respective fields which may not be able to leap advantages of collaborative efforts of multidisciplinary fields for promoting true innovation in battery research. Based on this notion, this article illustrates the contribution of batteries in improving the Internet of Everything under the rapidly evolving living habits. This article also outlines an overview on the specific development of batteries in terms of materials, structure, manufacturing process, monitoring, recycling, service, sales, and policy from the stages of battery design, production, operation and maintenance, and recycling. Some important findings are as follows. Batteries are widely used in many scenarios related to our daily lives, such as automotive industry, aerospace industry, industrial equipment, and energy storage systems. The smart sensors, blockchain, cloud platform, and zero-carbon batteries are the four potential development orientations for smart batteries. A wide range of applications will be available for technologies such as wireless battery management system and reconfigurable battery in the future.

Energy harnessing and storage from surface switching with a ferroelectric electrolyte.

In the quest for innovative energy solutions suitable for mobile, stationary and digital applications, ferroelectric topological insulators (FETIs)1 emerge as promising candidates. These materials combine topologically protected states with spontaneous and switchable polarization. This study reveals emergent phenomena in FETI-electrolytes through experiments and simulations, specifically in the A3-2xBaxClO family (where A = Li, Na or K, and x = 0 or 0.005). Here, it is shown that surface oscillations of the potential (V), temperature, and mass may synchronize with the bulk's oscillations, and be harnessed and stored in the form of electrical energy either in a sole FETI or in a battery-type cell presenting a panoply of applications from wireless batteries to transistors, memories, sensors, and selective catalysts.

Analysis and Design of a High Frequency Wireless Battery Charging System With Smooth Mode Transition Characteristics

Analysis and Design of a High Frequency Wireless Battery Charging System With Smooth Mode Transition Characteristics

A receiver-side power control method for series-series magnetic topology in inductive contactless electric vehicles battery charger application

Wireless power transfer (WPT) can be used to charge the battery conveniently and efficiently. In this paper, the investigation of high-efficiency S/S resonant magnetic topology in inductive wireless battery charging of electric vehicles (EVs) is analyzed, designed, and controlled. To regulate the output power efficiently rather than controlling the supply voltage, novel bidirectional switches are introduced to control the output power by using the duty cycle control method. The output power of the secondary side is derived and discussed based on the fundamental harmonic approximation (FHA) approach. A 1.5 kW, 120 mm distance, and 85 kHz resonance frequency are verified in MATLAB/Simulink.

Autonomous Pulse Frequency Modulation for Wireless Battery Charging With Zero-Voltage Switching

This paper proposes an autonomous pulse frequency modulation (APFM) scheme for wireless battery charging in which the self-excited oscillating (SEO) wireless power transfer (WPT) system can offer output power regulation with reliable zero-voltage switching (ZVS). The key is to utilize the self-excited oscillation feature to adjust the WPT operating frequency autonomously so as to deliver more power in the strong coupling region than the traditional forced-oscillating (FO) WPT system while the transmission efficiency can maintain at a high level. In the weak coupling region, the system becomes equivalent to the FO-WPT system. The pulse frequency modulation enables the system to adjust the output power by changing its duty ratio. Besides, reliable ZVS is achieved by extracting and processing the current signal at the primary side. Both theoretical analysis and experimental verification are provided to support the feasibility of the proposed APFM for SEO-WPT system.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ОСНОВНИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ БЕЗДРОТОВОГО ЗАРЯДНОГО ПРИСТРОЮ ДЛЯ ЗАРЯДКИ АКУМУЛЯТОРНОЇ БАТАРЕЇ ЕЛЕКТРОМОБІЛЯ

The work has developed a methodology for calculating voltage values on the main elements of the wireless battery charging system, which allows at the design stage of such systems to choose the necessary parameters of coils and an additional high-frequency transformer, while harmonizing the voltage value on the battery with the voltage at the output of the high-frequency inverter. A comparison of the calculation results using the developed methodology with the corresponding results obtained using the developed Simulink-model of the system showed that their maximum discrepancy does not exceed 15%. It is noted that in practice, when developing such systems to match the voltage of the rechargeable battery with the high-frequency inverter, it is possible to either use an additional high-frequency transformer, or choose the necessary ratio of turns of the transmitting and receiving coils. In the latter case, the possibility of high voltage resonance voltage on the coils and capacitive elements should be taken into account, which requires the use of reinforced insulation and the fulfillment of all requirements for the operation of devices at the corresponding high voltage. References 6, figures 3, table 1.

Estimation of State of Charge of Battery Used In Electric Vehicles With Wireless Battery Management System

This research paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the development and analysis of a wireless battery management system (BMS) using MATLAB Simulink. The primary objective of this study is to create an efficient, reliable, and scalable BMS that caters to the demands of various applications, such as electric vehicles, grid energy storage, and portable electronics. Our methodology involves designing and simulating key BMS components, including state estimation algorithms, fault detection mechanisms, and communication protocols, within the MATLAB Simulink environment. The paper first elucidates the motivation for adopting wireless technology in BMS, emphasizing its advantages over traditional wired systems. Subsequently, we explore the intricacies of the proposed wireless BMS architecture, detailing the implementation of essential features such as state-of-charge estimation, fault diagnosis, and thermal management. We also address the challenges associated with wireless communication, including latency, security, and energy efficiency, by incorporating robust communication protocols and power management strategies. Through rigorous simulations, we demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed wireless BMS, showcasing its ability to ensure optimal performance, safety, and longevity of battery packs. The outcomes of this research not only contribute to the advancement of BMS technology but also pave the way for further improvements in battery-powered systems. In conclusion, this paper offers a holistic perspective on wireless BMS design, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize energy management and extend the applications of battery technology in various domains.

Controlling and powering a fully implantable artificial pancreas refillable by ingestible pills.

Over the past decade, there has been a growing interest in the development of an artificial pancreas for intraperitoneal insulin delivery. Intraperitoneal implantable pumps guarantee more physiological glycemic control than subcutaneous wearable ones, for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. In this work, a fully implantable artificial pancreas refillable by ingestible pills is presented. In particular, solutions enabling the communication between the implanted pump and external user interfaces and novel control algorithms to intraperitoneally release an adequate amount of insulin based on glycemic data are shown. In addition, the powering and the wireless battery recharging are addressed. Specifically, the design and optimization of a customized transcutaneous energy transfer with two independent wireless channels are presented. The system was tested in terms of recharging efficacy, possible temperature rise within the body, during the recharging process and reliability of the wireless connection in the air and in the presence of ex vivo tissues.Clinical Relevance- This work aims to improve the control, battery recharging, and wireless communication of a fully implantable artificial pancreas for type 1 diabetes treatment.

Performance Analysis of Two Receiver Arrangements for Wireless Battery Charging System

Performance Analysis of Two Receiver Arrangements for Wireless Battery Charging System

Single-Phase Wireless Electric Vehicle Charger Using EF2 Inverter

This paper proposes a wireless battery charger topology for electric vehicle (EV) application that can be installed in public charging infrastructure as well as in home premises. The proposed topology can maintain constant current as well as constant voltage at the battery terminal and simultaneously can maintain near unity power factor at the input side using power factor correction (PFC) operation and thus satisfy all the criteria of a standard EV charger. The heart of the wireless power transfer (WPT) scheme is a high-frequency (HF) inverter. In this work, a class EF2 inverter is used to generate HF AC in such a way that it can deliver power with variable loading condition while maintaining constant current (CC) or constant voltage (CV) according to the requirement of CC-CV charging profile. To supply power to this EF2 inverter, an AC-DC front-end converter (stage-1) is integrated with the charger. The stage-1 is operated as a constant voltage source to the EF2 inverter for CC mode and constant current source for CV mode operation. CC-CV at the battery end and PFC at the input end are achieved only by controlling the gate pulse of stage-1. The WPT coils are first simulated using Ansys Maxwell package, and the complete charger is simulated with PSIM simulation software. A scaled-down 200 W laboratory prototype of the proposed charger is developed and tested with a resistive load to validate the idea. The wireless power transfer is achieved for a maximum distance of 12 cm between the transmitting and receiving coil. Finally, the charger is tested to charge both 12 V and 24 V battery packs and the CC-CV charging profile is presented for the 24 V, 30 Ah battery pack.

Solar Powered Wireless Battery Charger

Solar Powered Wireless Battery Charger

Design of wireless battery management system monitoring and automated alarm system based on improved long short-term memory neural network.

The battery management system (BMS) can intelligently manage and maintain each battery unit while monitoring its status, thereby preventing any possible overcharge or over-discharge of the battery. In BMS research, battery state parameter collection and analysis are essential. However, traditional data collection methods require personnel to be present at the scene, leading to offline data acquisition. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a wireless BMS monitoring and alarm system based on socket connection that would enable researchers to observe the operating parameters and problem details of the battery pack from a distance. A device like this effectively raises the battery's level of cognitive control. In the study, the researchers first designed the overall scheme of the BMS remote monitoring system, followed by building a wireless BMS monitoring and alarm system. Performance evaluations of the system were then conducted to confirm its effectiveness. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network enhanced by the Batch Normalization (BN) technique was applied to the time series data of battery parameters to solve the large accuracy inaccuracy in battery state of charge estimate. Furthermore, the Denoise Auto Encoder (DAE) algorithm was utilized to denoise the data and reduce the model's parameter dependence. The accuracy and robustness of the estimation are improved, and the model error is gradually stabilized within 5%.

Wireless Battery Chargers Operating at Multiple Switching Frequencies with Improved Performance

The operation of wireless battery chargers at multiple switching frequencies may lead to a noticeable suppression of conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) at the cost of decreased efficiency (mainly at lower load resistances) and increased peak and root mean square values of currents of power components of the wireless battery charger. Moreover, the reduction in conducted EMI is only moderate (<8.3 dB). Therefore, a novel approach based on modified resonant circuits and a modified control technique to obtain better reduction in the conducted and radiated EMI without significantly compromising other performance characteristics of the wireless battery charger is proposed and validated by using simulations and experiments. It is shown in this paper that the wireless charger operating at multiple switching frequencies with the proposed approach for the performance improvement has a more effective implementation of the four-switching frequency spread-spectrum technique with better conducted and radiated EMI reduction at all load resistances, lower values of peak and RMS currents at all load resistances, and higher efficiency in constant current mode and in the beginning of constant voltage mode (at lower values of the load resistances) than that of the conventional wireless charger operating at multiple switching frequencies.