Winter Wheat In Conditions Research Articles

Yield of modern winter wheat varieties under different physical and geographical conditions

Aim. Determine the influence of ecological and geographical factors of variability on the yield of modern winter wheat varieties created at the Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Methods. Field, laboratory and analytical research. Field research was carried out under the conditions of monitoring surveys according to the methods of determination in various points of studying the varietal diversity of winter wheat. Results. Winter wheat varieties Victoria Poliska with a yield of 7.6 t/ha, Katrusya Poliska 6.5 t/ha, Kesaria Poliska and Zemlerob each 6.2 t/ha, Fortetsia Poliska 5.87 t/ha, Pyriatynka 5.8 t / ha. Accordingly, the standards of foreign reeding Skagen 6.1 t/ha, Samurai 5.57 t/ha, Ukrainian selection Lisova Pisnia 4.87 t / ha. For 2020-2022, in the selective crop rotation of the NSC «IZ NAAN» the best varieties of winter wheat in terms of yield Zemlerob, Effectna (6.55 t/ha each), Kesaria Poliska (6.51 t/ha), Fortetsia Poliska (6, 39 t/ha), Pyryatinka (5.96 t/ha), Katrusya Poliska (5.95 t/ha), the standards of foreign selection Skagen 6.1 t/ha, Samurai 5.57 t/ha, Ukrainian selection Lisova Pisnia 4.87 t/ha. For 2020-2022, in the selective crop rotation of the NSC «IZ NAAN» the best varieties of winter wheat in terms of yield Zemlerob, Effectna (6.55 t/ha each), Kesaria Poliska (6.51 t/ha), Fortress Poliska (6.39 t/ha), Pyryatinka (5.96 t/ha), Katrusya Poliska (5.95 t/ha), respectively, the standards of foreign selection Samurai (5.49 t/ha), Kolonia (4.56 t/ha) Skagen (4.31 t/ha) and Ukrainian selection Lisova Pisnia (4.90 t/ha). Conclusions. So, modern varieties of winter wheat Viktoriya Poliska, Kraevyd, Fortetsya Poliska, Katrusya Poliska, Kesaria Poliska, Zemlerob, Efektna, Ivanna Poliska, Spivanka Poliska, Lyubito, Pamyati Hirka, Vodogray are a guarantee of increasing the productivity of winter wheat in conditions of climate change.

СТВОРЕННЯ ВИСОКОВРОЖАЙНИХ СОРТІВ ПШЕНИЦІ М’ЯКОЇ ОЗИМОЇ В УМОВАХ ПІВДЕННО-СХІДНОГО СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ

Topicality. One of the conditions to increase stably the soft winter wheat yield is plant breeding with high plasticity and resistance to adverse environmental factors, pests and diseases. Issues. Development of new high-yielding varieties with higher resistance to adverse weather conditions is important to increase crop produc-tivity. Aim. To create the initial material and high-yielding varieties of soft winter wheat in conditions of insuffi-cient soil moisture in the southeastern Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The research was conducted according to B. Dospekhov's method of field experience. The research was conducted in the 2017–2020 on the SE Research Farm Zaboishchyk of Donetsk State Agricultural Research Station NAAS at the Rozlyv village, Volnovakha district, Donetsk region. The field trials were conducted in the selective crop rotation of the Donetsk State Agricultural Research Station. The predecessors were black fallow and corn for grain. Research methods: hybridological, field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical methods. Results. According to the research results, it was found that the 77 numbers selected from hybrid combinations were left in the control nursery for further study. Among them were three numbers hk 363, hk 353, hk 403 which largest exceeded the standard by 14.1–19.7%. There are 42 numbers studied in a small competitive variety trial. It was determined that 15 hybrid combinations were the best than the standard (Donetska 48 variety) by 0.03–1.57 t/ha. In the competitive variety trial, 21 winter wheat cultivars after black fallow, and 25 cultivars after maize for silage were studied. According to yield, the best hybrid combinations after fallow were hk 4, hk 863/2, hk 716/1, which exceeded the standard Donetsk 48 by 0.41–0.51 t/ha, and after maize for silage, the best hybrid combinations were hk 321, hk 363, hk 318, in which the increase to the standard yield was 0.39-0.47 t/ha. According to the grain yield, the best varieties in the ecological variety trial were Bohynia, Popeliushka, Dyvo donetske, Oberih Myronivskyi, Yuzovska, Ihrysta, Peremoha, Patriotka, which exceeded the Donetsk 48 standard variety by 0.35-0.68 t/ha. Conclusions. It was determined that the development of new high-yielding varieties of soft winter wheat will increase productivity due to their adaptability for growing conditions in the southeastern Steppe of Ukraine. According to the analysis of the research results, the steppe ecotype varieties demonstrate a significant advantage on all the studied indicators; they better realize their genetic potential in specific soil and climatic conditions. Key words: breeding, winter wheat, hybridization, variety, yield.

Creation of high-yielding varieties of soft winter wheat in the conditions of the southeastern Steppe of Ukraine

An effective condition for stabilizing the yields of winter soft wheat over the years is selection for high plasticity, for the resistance of new varieties to unfavorable environmental factors, which is possible when creating varieties in the zone where they appear. The purpose of the research is to create the initial material and high-yielding varieties of soft winter wheat in conditions of insufficient moisture in the southeastern part of the Steppe of Ukraine. The research was carried out according to the method of field work by B. A. Dospekhov and the method of state variety testing of agricultural crops. Research methods: hybridological, field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. The main method of breeding winter wheat is hybridization of the best domestic and foreign varieties, followed by targeted selection in the second-sixth generation of hybrids. The experiments were carried out in the period from 2017 to 2020. in the fields of a seven-field selective crop rotation. According to the research results, it was found that out of 348 hybrid combinations of the second-sixth generations, 16130 lines were selected for sowing in a breeding nursery. In it, 7200 lines were assessed and 1780 numbers were selected for study in the control nursery. After a comprehensive assessment in the control nursery, out of 2830 numbers, 386 numbers were left for study in the previous variety trial. In the preliminary variety trial, 198 numbers were studied; 77 numbers were left for further study. In a small competitive variety trial for grain yield, 15 hybrid combinations were distinguished, which exceeded the standard Donetskaya 48 by 0.48-1.57 t / ha. In the competitive variety trials for yield per pair, the best were hybrid combinations gk4, gk318, gk321, which exceeded the Donetsk 48 standard by 0.21-0.51 t / ha, after corn for silage - gk321, gk363, gk318, gk716/1, of which the increase to the standard was 0.15-0.47 t/ha.In terms of yield in ecological variety testing, the best winter wheat varieties were Boginya, Popelyushka, DivoDonetskoe, OberegMironovsky, Yuzovskaya, Igristaya, Peremoga, Patriotka, which exceeded the standard variety Donetskaya 48 by 0.35-0.68 t/ha. New varieties of winter wheat Vezha and Almaz of bakery direction of use, undemanding to the agricultural background, maximally adapted to the arid conditions of the southeastern Steppe of Ukraine, are under state testing. Key words: selection, winter wheat, hybridization, variety, yield.

Comparative evaluation of autumn and spring application herbicides in winter wheat crops in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine

Goal. Justification for autumn and spring application of herbicides in crops of winter wheat in conditions of Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine.
 Methods. Observation, analysis and synthesis in conjunction with special methods. Special methods: field — for evaluation of the properties of weeds to reproduce and regenerate, the study of ontogenesis and morphogenesis, depending on various factors; quantity and weight — to determine the level of contamination of sowing, growth parameters and development of plants, productivity and elements of structure; mathematically-statistical — to determine the reliability of the results.
 Results. The level of technical efficiency of herbicides and derivatives aromatic amines and sulfonylureas. Improved control segetal vegetation and identifies the effective period for the application of herbicides in crops of winter wheat with the aim of ensuring high crop yield. Studies have confirmed that the timely and maximum destruction of weeds in crops of winter wheat contributed to better growth and development of plants in culture, which showed its competitiveness to counter the negative impacts segetal vegetation throughout the growing season.
 Conclusions. The optimal timing for herbicide application in the autumn in crops of winter wheat is the phenological phase of development of the culture of the 1—2 leaf, the rate of consumption of sulfonylureas: Marafon KC — 4.0 l/ha was Grodil Maxi OD, and.d. — 0,11 l/ha, Granstar gold 75, v.g. — 0,035 kg/ha, Starane Premium 330 EC, k.e. — 0.5 l/ha. During the autumn application of technical efficiency of 100% had the variant with the application of herbicide Granstar gold 75, VG with a dose rate of 0.035 kg/ha. With the herbicide in the spring, the optimal time was the phenological phase of cultural development — tillering. Technical efficiency of the medicines when spring application in all variants amounted to 90—100%.

The influence of pesticides of different purpose on the recovery of winter wheat in conditions of Northern Steppe of Ukraine.

The influence of pesticides of different purpose on the recovery of winter wheat in conditions of Northern Steppe of Ukraine.

Ефективність прикореневого азотного підживлення пшениці озимої в умовах посушливої осені Cхідного Лісостепу України

Ефективність прикореневого азотного підживлення пшениці озимої в умовах посушливої осені Cхідного Лісостепу України

Визначення залежності вмісту білка в зерні пшениці озимої від показників родючості ґрунту

The purpose. To elaborate methodical approach to determination of influence of parameters of soil fertility on the content of protein in grain of winter wheat on the basis of methods of mathematical processing experimental information of field experiments. Methods. Complex of mathematical tools of prospecting analysis, correlation coefficients at studied parameters, regression dependences of content of protein of winter wheat on parameters of fertility of soils, prognostic models of content of protein in grain using equations of growth curves, integrated parameter of the level of soil fertility and its influence upon the content of protein in grain of winter wheat. Results. On the basis of analytical calculations it is determined that change of content of protein in grain of winter wheat depends on change of content of nitrogen of nitrates, content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium in soil. In grain of wheat the forecast of content of protein is calculated for 3 nearest seasons. The level of joint influence of three parameters of soil on the content of protein in grain of winter wheat is specified. Methodical approach to mathematical processing the experimental information of field experiments on an instance of determination of dependences of influence of parameters of soil fertility on the content of protein in grain of winter wheat in conditions of steppe zone is developed. Conclusions. Levels are determined of dependence of content of protein in grain of winter wheat from parameters of soil fertility: high — from change of content of nitrogen of nitrates, average — from change of content of mobile potassium, low — from change of content of mobile phosphorus in soil. Forecast of change of protein in grain for the nearest season has a positive trend.

Родючість ґрунту під пшеницею озимою за екологічно безпечних систем удобрення

Родючість ґрунту під пшеницею озимою за екологічно безпечних систем удобрення

Productivity of varieties of winter wheat in conditions of Black Sea region

Productivity of varieties of winter wheat in conditions of Black Sea region

Intervarietal Differences of Winter Wheat in Conditions of the Southeastern Volga-Vyatka Region

The article makes an effort to assess ten varieties of winter wheat and select the ones most adapted to the conditions of the study region, which would combine a significant yield potential with high quality grains and possess a complex of important economic traits. It has been determined that yield performance of the studied varieties ranges from of 4.78 t/ha in variety Pamyati Fedina to 6.02 t/ha in variety Nemchinovskaya 57. Varieties Nemchinovskaya 17 and Nemchinovskaya 57 have been found to produce a significantly higher yield than standard variety Moskovskaya 39, that is, by 1.03 and 1.16 t/ha or 21.2 and 23.9%, respectively. Protein content varies within the range from 15.2 in variety Pamyati Fedina to 19.1% in variety Moskovskaya 40. This indicator is 17.5% in the standard variety. Moskovskaya 40 is also significantly distinguished by gluten content of 35.9%. In addition, the above-noted varieties reveal a significant winter survival and resistance to leaf and rot diseases. Thus, it can be concluded that Nemchinovskaya 57, Nemchinovskaya 17, and Moskovskaya 40 are the most remarkable among the varieties in the context of important economic traits, that is, yield performance, protein and gluten content, components of yield structure, and resistance to diseases.

Вплив екологічних чинників на врожайність нових сортів пшениці озимої в умовах Південного Лісостепу

Вплив екологічних чинників на врожайність нових сортів пшениці озимої в умовах Південного Лісостепу

Identification of spring wheat germplasm resistant to heavy metals for create clean wheat growing technology

The aim of this study was to identify wheat germplasm resistant to heavy metals (zinc, cadmium), which are priority pollutants in eastern Kazakhstan region, and identification donors for breeding and promising forms of wheat that are resistance to heavy metals and destined for agricultural production. The objects of research are different genotypes of spring wheat from the collection of the East Kazakhstan Research Institute of Agriculture. In field experiment plants were grown on scientific test site, under natural environmental pollution, in the suburban area of Ust-Kamenogorsk city, East Kazakhstan region. The content of heavy metals in plants was determined by atomic absorption on the device AAnalyst 300 of “Perkin Elmer”. Experiments and determination of physiological parameters were conducted by the method of field experiment. The study of the accumulation of heavy metals in components of different genotypes of winter wheat in conditions of natural pollution has shown the genotypic differences in the accumulation of zinc and cadmium in plant seeds. The study of investigated heavy metals accumulation in the spring wheat seeds of East-Kazakhstan Agricultural Research Institute collection showed, that in terms of cadmium accumulation, the most resistant varieties of spring wheat are Ulbinka, Zaulbinka and Omskaya-18. Upon indicator of accumulation of zinc,the most resistant varieties are Samal and Kutulukskaya. Spring wheat varieties Ulbinka, Zaulbinka and Omskaya-18 can be recommended for further use in breeding for resistance to the accumulation of cadmium in the grain. Samal spring wheat varieties can be recommended for further use in breeding for resistance to the accumulation of zinc in the grain. The most harvest from plots has spring wheat varieties: Ulbinka-25, Glubochanka, Erythrospermum-616 and Altai. It is connected to a large number of grains per ear, high grain weight per ear, high productive tillering and good survival during the spring-summer growing season. Varieties Ulbinka-25 and Omskaya-18 can be recommended for cultivation on soils contaminated with cadmium, as these varieties of spring wheat accumulate least of cadmium in the seeds and at the same time are characterized by high yields and good survival during the spring-summer growing season in a polymetallic contamination of soil.

Влияние позднего сева 2013 года на фотосинтетические показатели озимой пшеницы в условиях юго-востока ЦЧЗ

Влияние позднего сева 2013 года на фотосинтетические показатели озимой пшеницы в условиях юго-востока ЦЧЗ

Influence of technological methods of growing on the anatomy-morphological structure of the stem of winter wheat in conditions of the right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine

Purpose. Study of the anatomical and morphological structure of the stem of winter wheat hybrids depending on fertilization backgrounds and seeding rates in agrocenoses of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe natural zone of Ukraine. Methods. Observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis, forecast, field experiment. Results. The study of the dynamics of formation and functioning of the anatomical and morphological structure of the stem of winter wheat plants was carried out. The influence of the background without fertilizers and against the background of their increased level of application on the length of internodes (1-3) of stems in winter wheat agrocenoses was studied. It has been proven that seeding rates significantly influenced the length of the internodes. The influence of the background of mineral nutrition and seeding rates on the main anatomical and morphological parameters of winter wheat stems, in particular, the thickness of the stem and ring of mechanical tissue, the number and diameter of vascular-fibrous bundles was studied. It was found that the strength of the straw is largely determined by the number of vascular-fibrous bundles, as well as their diameter. It was the biggest on the variants with the increased fertilization background. It is noted that anatomical and morphological studies are needed in order to ensure the development of a more durable straw, which determines high resistance to lodging at a seeding rate of 3 and 1.5 million seeds/ha. Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted studies, it was found that the soil and climatic conditions of the years of the study and the factors that were studied have a direct influence on the anatomical and morphological parameters of wheet. At the same time, the best conditions for the maximum realization of the potential of the Patros hybrid of winter wheat plants were created in the experimental variants with a seeding rate of 3 and 1.5 million seeds/ha, ensuring the development of a more durable straw, which led to a high resistance to lodging.