Winter Olympic Games Research Articles

Team USA injury and illness incidence at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the injury and illness incidence from Team USA athletes from the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games and assess any sex-based...

Simulation Study on Gas Leakage Law and Early Warning in a Utility Tunnel

The large-scale construction of utility tunnels improves people’s daily life, but also increases the probability of gas leakage events. Gas is a flammable and explosive substance, and once a leakage and explosion accident occurs it will seriously affect the safety of personal property and disturb the urban order. Although the application of utility tunnels is becoming more and more widespread, the research on its operation and maintenance management is not sufficient. How to effectively and safely implement the operation and maintenance management of utility tunnels has become an important issue of concern for scholars at home and abroad. This paper takes the Beijing Winter Olympic Games utility tunnels as the research object, uses ANSYS Fluent R18.0, establishes the simulation model through the relevant fluid mechanics theory, and theoretically demonstrates the physical relationships of the relevant parameters. Through the simulation analysis of various leakage scenarios, the gas diffusion law is obtained when a small hole leaks, so as to determine the most economical and safest gas sensor deployment mode. The research results can provide theoretical support for the construction of utility tunnels in the future, provide ideas for the preparation of relevant system documents for utility tunnels, and ensure the orderly and scientific construction of utility tunnel projects.

Olympic Games during nationwide lockdown: sports injuries and illnesses, including COVID-19, at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to describe the incidence of injuries and illnesses sustained during the Beijing Winter Olympic Games from 4 February 2022 to 20 February 2022.MethodsWe recorded...

Investigation of supplement use and knowledge among Japanese elite athletes for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic/Paralympic games and the Beijing 2022 winter Olympic/Paralympic games

Elite athletes frequently invest in the use of supplements to optimize their dietary regimens and enhance their athletic performance. However, unregulated and unplanned use of supplements can lead to adverse consequences, including anti-doping rule violations or health issues. Thus, athletes should verify their diets, consider scientific evidence, and take necessary precautions regarding supplements before use. To date, no study has explored whether athletes check these factors before using supplements. This study aimed to investigate supplement use using a questionnaire administered to 1,392 athletes (including candidate athletes) who participated in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic/Paralympic and Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic/Paralympic Games. Participants were categorized as follows: 1,040 participants in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, 83 in the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, 239 in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games, and 30 in the Beijing 2022 Winter Paralympic Games. We collected data on supplement use and gained further knowledge through interviews with the athletes. Approximately 70% of Tokyo 2020 Olympic/Paralympic and Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic athletes and approximately 50% of Beijing 2022 Winter Paralympians used supplements. Over 50% of athletes had not received a doctor's diagnosis or a dietitian's evaluation before supplement use. Moreover, only 50% of the athletes who used dietary supplements reviewed the scientific evidence for the dietary supplements before using them and justified their choice based on their own investigation, while those who did not use dietary supplements cited either a lack of need or fear of an anti-doping rule violation. Considering the holistic health and performance of athletes, as well as the risk associated with unregulated use, such as overdose and anti-doping rule violations, there is a need for nutritional education on supplement use for athletes and their entourages.

Research on Olympic Site Selection Based on Evaluation Model

In recent years, most countries and cities have suffered certain negative effects, and the motivation to host the Olympic Games has dropped significantly, and the number of countries declaring the Olympics has decreased. This paper gives two options for holding the Olympic Games as a way to help the ICMG committee solve the Olympic Games site selection problem.determining the permanent site for the Olympic Games, considering that the permanent site requires a certain level of prestige and economic support from the country, the paper decided to start with countries that have hosted the Summer and Winter Olympic Games, because these countries tend to have a better Olympic atmosphere and the old sites of Olympic stadiums can help ease the burden of the host country. In order to select the most suitable permanent site from the former host countries, the paper considered a number of indicators to describe the success of previous Olympic Games, such as economic level, human satisfaction, the level of prestige of the host country or city, etc., and subdivided the secondary indicators on the basis of the primary indicators, thus establishing the Olympic Site Evaluation System, which was adopted by the EWM-TOPSIS model to rate each host, and the most suitable permanent site for the Summer Olympics is London, UK, while the most suitable permanent site for the Winter Olympics is Lake Placid, USA, by Matlab software solution.Holding the Four Seasons Olympics. In this paper, firstly, according to the IOC’s classification criteria for the Games, the paper determined the major sports to be held in four seasons based on reasonable criteria, including 10 major sports in spring, 17 major sports in summer, 3 major sports in autumn and 7 major sports in winter.

A Comparative Case Study of Media Coverage of the Opening and Closing Ceremonies of Winter Olympic Games Beijing 2022

Establishing a good national image and encouraging Chinese culture to spread out is a particularly important part of China's national cultural soft power construction. Winter Olympics Beijing 2022 is a global event, which is of immense value and significance for showing China's cultural charm and shaping the national image. Recently, research on the combination of framing theory and reports on the Olympic Games has significantly increased. However, there are few studies focusing on the cultural part of the analysis of reports. After making a summary of the coverage on China major events and Olympic Games of mainstream media, this study, based on the theory of cultural resistance and cultural-bound frame, chose mainstream media CNN (Cable News Network), BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation), and China Daily as samples, attempting to analyze their reports of the Opening and Closing ceremonies of the Winter Olympics Games Beijing 2022. Through the comparative analysis of Olympic coverage, this research shows that foreign media’s attitudes towards China have remarkably changed and investigates how Chinese culture is disseminated in some parts of the world to identify the factors affecting the dissemination of cultural elements. The research findings also revealed that coverage of BBC and CNN concerns more about China’s alleged abused human rights, while the part about Chinese cultural translation is limited. Only by having a comprehensive understanding of the process of transmitting culture can cultural translation be well-achieved. and it can help promote mutual communication and cooperation of the world.

The influence of the Beijing Winter Olympic games on the demand for winter sports: An empirical analysis based on the Baidu Index

BackgroundThe 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is a representative large-scale sporting event, which not only promotes the development of the national and regional economy, society, and culture but also increases the demand of residents for winter sports, thus helping achieve the grand goal of “encouraging 300 million people to participate in winter sports.” This research explores the influence of the Beijing Winter Olympics on residents’ demand for winter sports in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations in China. MethodsApplying big data mining techniques, the Baidu Index of Winter Olympics-related terms are used to measure residents' interest in the Beijing Winter Olympics, and the ratio of the Baidu Index of five winter sports (ice skating, ice hockey, curling, luge, and skiing) to the number of internet searches is used to capture residents’ demand for winter sports. Moreover, we explore the spatial–temporal pattern of the interest in the Winter Olympics and the demand for winter sports and construct an econometric model to test the driving effect of the Winter Olympics empirically. ResultsThe results show that 1) since 2011, interest in Winter Olympics has been on the rise, and the interest of residents in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei has been higher than that of the Yangtze River Delta; 2) the demand for skating and skiing, which are two popular winter sports, shows a declining geographical concentration, indicating that the popularity of these two sports is on the increase; 3) the demand for winter sports in the peripheral cities in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei shows a trend of specialization, while Beijing, Tianjin, and some cities in the Yangtze River Delta present a trend of diversification; and 4) the interest in the Beijing Winter Olympics influences the demand for winter sports positively. ConclusionThis study shows that the increase in interest in the Beijing Winter Olympics boosts residents’ demand for winter sports, which implies that hosting Winter Olympics successfully drives winter sports participation in China.

The Assemble of Olympism and Nationalism: Social Philosophical Analysis of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games as Case Study

The Assemble of Olympism and Nationalism: Social Philosophical Analysis of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games as Case Study

Research on Evaluation Indicator of Ice Rink and Curling Stone Motion for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games Based on Video Recognition Method

During curling sports, the movement of the stone is affected by the quality of the ice. Therefore, the delivery team led by the ice maker hopes that the quality of the ice surface will be stable and that the athletes will always ‘read the ice’ and pay attention to the small changes in the ice surface. This phenomenon is the charm of curling. Many friction models have been proposed to describe the regularity of the curling motion. In the curling competitions of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, the 2021 World Wheelchair Curling Championships, and the warm-up competition before, the research team installed a video image capture system in the arena to capture and record the data of the curling motion by using the depth neural network and object tracking algorithm. Further motion data research verifies the relationship between the friction coefficient and the speed. The quality control parameter of ice rink α is proposed, which is related to the influencing factors of the ice surface temperature, the ice hardness, the size of the pebble point, and the width of the curling friction band. The quality of the curling ice rink can be evaluated accurately and comprehensively by using parameter α. Based on the relationship between the friction coefficient and the speed, a physical model of horizontal sliding of the curling stone is established, which agrees well with the results of data obtained from video acquisition. Therefore, the movement distance along the rink can be accurately predicted. This paper analyzes the relationship between the long-time (the time it takes for the curling stone to travel between the two hog lines) and the stop position and that between the long-time and the split-time (the time it takes for the curling stone to travel from the back line to the hog line). Based on this result, a ruler can be established to assist athletes in estimating the sliding distance of the stone before curling throwing. This research also studies the relationship between three factors (the sliding speed in the x-direction, the angular speed, and a tiny lateral deflection speed in the y-direction) and the deviation of the stone. At the same time, there are also some interesting phenomena of the lateral deflection of the stone, such as the relationship between the lateral deflection angle tanθ and the initial lateral speed. As a result, the prediction of the curling stone’s exact final location can be realized. In summary, this article proposes an indicator for evaluating the quality of ice rinks and a physical model of curling based on the curling friction model, which is validated by data obtained from a video capture system of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. The results described above have been applied in the post-match operation of the National Aquatics Center to guide the production of Olympic-grade ice surfaces and to guide athletes to “read ice” accurately during training.

Incidence Of Injuries And Illnesses Among Team Usa Staff During The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games

Incidence Of Injuries And Illnesses Among Team Usa Staff During The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games

Incidence Of Illness Among Team Usa Athletes Competing In The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games

Incidence Of Illness Among Team Usa Athletes Competing In The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games

Incidence Of Injuries Among Team Usa Athletes Competing In The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games

Incidence Of Injuries Among Team Usa Athletes Competing In The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games

State of the art and perspectives of sports science in the run-up to the Milano Cortina 2026 Olympic Winter Games

State of the art and perspectives of sports science in the run-up to the Milano Cortina 2026 Olympic Winter Games

The “Descendant of Dragon” or an “American Dreamer”? The Flow of Identity in the Media Discourse of Eileen Gu Between China and the US

Identity in sports forms a key stage in which globalization is both constituted and resisted and where various contentions and nuanced dynamics remain to be unpacked. In this paper, we examined the media’s ability, from China and the US separately, to construct and deconstruct the national identity of a naturalized athlete, Eileen Gu (Gu Ailing), an American-born Chinese athlete, during the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games. By combining frame analysis with critical discourse analysis (CDA), salient differences were found in terms of the media frames and discourses used by China and the US in their adoption and interpretations of “sports role”, “ethnic role”, “social role”, and “entertainment role”. Furthermore, we pointed out that the national media from both countries simultaneously attempt to legitimize their stance on Gu’s national identity and stress the maximization of each nation’s own interest. The findings shed light on our existing understanding of the complex identity of naturalized athletes in the context of globalization and argue that media discourses, as constructed by the two countries, remain deeply rooted in an overdetermined East-West binary.

Differences in the chemical compositions and formation mechanisms of PM2.5 between urban and rural areas in Xinxiang, Central China around the Beijing Winter Olympics

Xinxiang, as an important industrial city in Henan Province and one of the “2 + 26” cities, is encountering severe fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution. During the Beijing Winter Olympics Games, a series of pollution control measures were implemented in Xinxiang, which provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the local PM2.5 characteristics and formation mechanisms and assess the effectiveness of the control measures. From January 20 to February 20, 2022, samples of PM2.5 were collected in urban and rural areas of Xinxiang, and their chemical compositions were detected. Three research phases were divided according to control measures: P1, P2 and P3, representing before pollution control period, stricter pollution control period, and looser pollution control period, respectively. It was found that PM2.5 levels decreased significantly during P2 and P3, by more than 30%. There was a significant decrease in SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ (SNA) in PM2.5, but not in organic carbon (OC) and element carbon. Moreover, the secondary formations of SO42− and NO3− also decreased clearly during these two phases, especially for nocturnal NO3−. SO42− was mainly generated through the NO2 reaction pathway (SO2 oxidation by NO2 in aerosol water), and the reaction could also promote NO3− production. As NO2 is critical in this reaction, future pollution control should focus on reducing NO2. The PM2.5 in urban and rural areas had quite different compositions. Specifically, the rural area had better reaction conditions for sulfate (lower temperature). In addition, urban area had more OC that came from secondary reactions, while in rural area it comes more from biomass and coal combustion. Therefore, different pollution control measures should be taken to reduce their OC concentrations in the future. The study will provide a more scientific basis for formulating more scientific control measures of PM2.5 in Xinxiang and other cities in Central China.

Stylistic Analysis of Bach’s Speech at the Opening Ceremony of Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022

This paper uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the speech of Thomas Bach, the president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), at the opening ceremony of Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022 in three aspects: vocabulary, syntax, and rhetorical devices. By calculating word frequency and sentence length according to the tape script of this speech, the result shows that the language is inspiring with many short and simple sentences. Bach is good at using declarative and exclamatory sentences, flexible use of personal pronouns and rhetorical devices, and his language is vivid and imaginative, which can inspire athletes and people around the world to face challenges in a new year. Through discourse analysis, we can better understand the spirit and meaning conveyed by speeches at international gatherings.

올림픽 유산(Legacy)에 대한 개최지 주민의 인식: 2018평창동계올림픽을 중심으로

올림픽 유산(Legacy)에 대한 개최지 주민의 인식: 2018평창동계올림픽을 중심으로

The Impact of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games on Air Quality in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region: A Quasi-Natural Experiment Study

Major sporting events, such as the Olympic Games, can harm air quality due to the construction of large stadiums and other sporting facilities, the transportation of athletes and spectators, and the consumption of energy and resources. To successfully host the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, the Chinese government has taken measures to improve air quality in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, such as limiting car use, closing polluting businesses, and increasing clean energy. Whether these measures have effectively improved the air quality in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region and whether they have had a sustained impact are the concerns of this study. In this study, based on air quality statistics for 24 Chinese cities from 2014–2022, including 2592 observations, we investigated the impact of the Beijing Winter Olympics on the air quality in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region using the difference-in-difference (DID) method. Our empirical findings indicate that the Beijing Winter Olympics significantly impacted the air quality in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. We observed a 25% reduction in the air quality index (AQI) and a 28% reduction in the levels of PM2.5, holding all other factors constant. Trend analysis further suggests that the Beijing Winter Olympics contributed to the region’s long-term trend of air quality improvement. We performed a series of robustness tests, all indicating the reliability of our basic conclusions. In addition, the heterogeneity analysis shows a significant effect of the pollution level and the distance from the capital on the effectiveness of air quality improvement, while economic development had no significant impact. Our findings have important implications for policymakers and other stakeholders interested in improving air quality. The significant improvements from the Beijing Winter Olympics suggest that implementing similar initiatives in other regions may also have positive effects.

Winter Olympic Games in Lithuanian Media

The Winter Olympics Games is the most important sports event which is reported in Lithuanian media. There are no researches which would show how Lithuanian sports journalists publicate news about Winter Games. The first task is to find out the concept of media, tthe functions and tasks of media, genres and titles of media texts. The second task is to discuss the Winter Olympics and sports media functions. The third task is to elucidate the models of agenda setting and framing theories. The fourth is to perform quantitative and qualitative analysis of content research. In order to implement the first, second and third tasks, an analytical descriptive method is used. In order to implement the fourth, the methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content are used. The results of the research examining the relationship between agencies and authorial publications in the online news dailies Delfi.lt and Lrytas.lt published the most agency news. Sports journalists used the most used the interview genre – 116 times. It turned out that sports journalists mostly published news about Lithuanians competing in the Olympics, rather that foreign athletes. It became clear that sports journalists, when writing publications about Lithuanian athletes used expressive headlines at the Winter Olympics. Analyzing the tone of the presentation of expressive headlines, it became clear that mostly used the negative tone in their authorial publications about Lithuanian athletes.

Beijing winter Olympic Games: female athletes’ representations in Italian newspaper coverage

ABSTRACT Female athletes’ participation in the Olympic Games has increased over the years, however, they are still underrepresented or not covered in global media. Prior literature about gender studies and sport reveals that female athletes were often described through stereotypes, or other linguistic features minimizing their achievements, or focusing on their physical appearance rather than their sports abilities. The present study adopts textual analysis to examine how female athletes were represented during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games in two Italian leading newspapers. The findings show that there have been positive changes in the portrayal of women in sports, but this may be influenced by the increased nationalism during these mega events. The Italian media are more open to gender equality, and adopt different strategies to describe female athletes, nonetheless, some very limited negative cases are still found. The press tended to emphasize some main themes: female athletes as heroines of the nation, friendship, rivalries and conflicts, and athletes’ private lives. This demonstrates that the Italian newspapers are now more focused on non-sports related stories, to make the articles more interesting in terms of entertainment and emotional stories, to attract more readership.