Prize Winner Research Articles

Tracing young people's engagements with the diplomacy and geopolitics of a British Overseas Territory

AbstractResearch from political geographers has increasingly identified the diverse actors, practices, and performances of diplomacy, challenging narrow conceptions that had tended to associate them with the state alone. The following paper engages this plurality directly through, on the one hand, its focus on young people as diplomatic actors and, on the other, the diplomacy of a British Overseas Territory (OT)—the Falkland Islands—a polity characterised by its liminal subjectivity between colonial dependency and independent statehood. In 2022, to mark the 40th anniversary of the Falklands War, we partnered with the Falkland Islands Government Office (FIGO) in London, to design, deliver and evaluate a national schools' competition. The Falklands Forty Schools Competition (FFSC) culminated in an eight‐day trip to the Islands for seven prize winners. The paper reflects on our role in co‐organising the competition and the opportunities it afforded to observe young people probe and critically question the official narratives presented to them by government representatives. This offered us the opportunity to explore how geopolitical and diplomatic narratives can be projected, negotiated and challenged by young people in the context of a highly curated trip with narrative projection at its heart. We show how young people through their participation in the competition and, more specifically, a trip to the Falkland Islands, were able to identify slippages and inconsistencies in these ‘stable’ narratives related to governance of the Islands. The young people, far from being passive diplomatic ‘delegates’ unquestioningly imbibing the information presented to them were, instead, highly aware of narrative tipping‐points, tensions and slippages in their engagements with government representatives and diplomats.

Body Writing and Identity Construction of Clones in Ishiguro Kazuo’s Science Fiction Novel Never Let Me Go

Never Let Me Go is a science fiction novel written by Japanese-English author Kazuo Ishiguro (1954-) as a representative Nobel Prize winner in literature. This work has attracted a wide range of attention to the ethical issues related to the heated topic of cloning. The novel focuses on the body writing, through which Ishiguro portrays the clone’s physical health conditions, organ donation, existence of soul, and ultimately, the clone’s demise, in order to depict the difficulties the clones face in finding their place in human society. Such a profound exploration represents one of the major ethical issues coexisting with the anxiety caused with the cloning technology throughout human life.

The Physiological Society Prize winner announced at STEM for Britain 2024

The Physiological Society Prize winner announced at STEM for Britain 2024

Third Hume Studies Essay Prize Winner

Third Hume Studies Essay Prize Winner

Science as a Collective Effort: Collaboration at the Zoophysiological Laboratory 1911–1945

Abstract This paper will address scientific collaboration at the Zoophysiological Laboratory during the 1911–1945 directorship of Nobel Prize winner August Krogh. Using authorship information and acknowledgments from the laboratory’s publications, this paper maps the many researchers involved in the work. In total, 193 different people contributed to the work at the Zoophysiological Laboratory. The paper further analyzes what labor, materials, ideas, and knowledge were exchanged between the individuals in the laboratory. While science has become more collaborative throughout the twentieth century, this paper underlines that collaboration was very much part of the research process in the early twentieth century.

Brazilian Sinologist Reis’s Translation Strategy: Comparing His Portuguese Translation of Mo Yan’s Novel Wa With Goldblatt’s English Version

Amilton Reis is the first Brazilian sinologist who translated Nobel Prize Winner Mo Yan’s novels from Chinese into Portuguese. He has translated Mo Yan’s Bian (Mudança/Change, 2013), Sanshi nian qian de yici changpao (Uma corrida há 30 anos/A long run thirty years ago) and Wa (As rãs/Frog, 2015). This paper, based on first-hand examples, takes his Portuguese translation As rãs as the research object, and examines his translation strategy from aspects of cultural replacement, cultural omission, cultural dilution, cultural interpretation, cultural annotation, cultural literal translation, language beautification, language dilution, and so on. In order to better understand the characteristics of his translation strategy, this article compares his Portuguese translation with the English translation Frog by American sinologist Howard Goldblatt. The study found that, while Goldblatt’s translation strategy is basically “reader-oriented”, Reis’s translation strategy is more “reader-oriented” or “reader-centered”.

NOBEL AND NOBEL WINNERS ARE NATIVES OF UKRAINE

Information on the history of the invention and the awarding of the Nobel Prize is presented. The geography of the laureates' birthplace is highlighted. Brief information about 16 Nobel Prize winners who are natives of our land is specified. It is our history, our pride.

Automation anxiety, fairness perceptions, and redistribution: Past experiences condition the response to future job loss

Do beliefs about fairness interact with past experiences of labor market shocks to condition redistributive preferences? In a large-scale survey experiment, we investigate the effect of informing individuals that growth in automation could disrupt labor markets in ways that are (possibly) viewed as unfair. We then exploit the COVID-19-induced labor market shock to test for an interaction between treatments and shock exposure. We find that beliefs interact with shock exposure to increase redistributive preferences and commitments to donate potential prize winnings. Our findings suggest this may be motivated by respondents' concerns about their vulnerability to future labor market shocks.

Most Unusual Twin Pairs: A Look at Uterus Didelphys / Twin Research Reviews: Prenatal Aneuploidy Screening for Twin Pregnancies; Twin Conceptions by Same-Sex Male Couples; Legal Personality of Conjoined Twins; Twin Study of Cannabis Use / Human Interest and Importance: Being Taken for Twins Saved Sisters; Twin Children of Jailed Nobel Prize Winner; British 'Biracial' Twins; Triplets Born at Start

A review of an unusual twin type-twins born to women with two uteri (uterus didelphys)-is presented. This review is followed by summaries of recent research and perspectives concerning prenatal aneuploidy screening for twin pregnancies, twin conceptions by same-sex male couples, legal personality of conjoined twins, and a twin study of cannabis use. Interesting information about twins that has appeared in the media is also presented, namely how being taken for twins saved a pair of sisters; twin children of a jailed Nobel Prize winner, British 'biracial' twins, triplets born at the start of Russia's attack on Ukraine, and twins born in different years.

Research on Chinese Translation of the Beach Man s Words from the Perspective of Eco-translatology Theory

Patrick Modiano, winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature, is a famous contemporary French writer, whose works often take the beach man as the protagonist, and express the writer s thinking on the fate and existence of human beings, as well as the confusion about the identity of modern people. In the Caf of Lost Youth is the twenty-fi fth work written by Nobel Prize winner Modiano, and the protagonist Louki is one of the author s many beach men . From the perspective of the three-dimensional transf ormation of eco-translatology theory, this paper comprehensively interprets the translation strategy of Jinlongge s Chinese translation through Louki s words, trying to show the characteristics of the ecological existence of the translation, points out that the translator s role is very important, and the application of the three-dimension transformation benefi ts the improvement of the quality of translation, so as to achieve good communication effects.

Forensic Psychiatry in the Quisling, Hamsun and Breivik Trials

The 2011 trial of Andreas Breivik for the mass murder of 69 Norwegian adolescents (plus eight people in an earlier bombing) was dominated by intense debate about his sanity, both in the court and public arenas. Similar controversies arose in two previous high-profile cases: the 1945 trial of the Norwegian collaborator Vidkun Quisling and the 1946 trial of the Nobel Prize winner Kurt Hamsun. Quisling, Hamsun and Breivik were all required to have psychiatric assessment. The findings were intensely disputed. The first assessments produced results the public found unacceptable. After a lengthy and controversial examination, Hamsun was exempted from a criminal trial but had to face a civil procedure in which he lost most of his savings. The public reaction in Breivik’s case went the other way: that he could be exempt from punishment by psychiatric illness caused such fury that legal protocol was overturned, and he was assessed again, this time producing a finding that all found satisfactory. Psychiatric issues in the three trials reviewed show remarkable symmetry, although also with some differences. Issues raised at these trials are the role of public pressure, the conflict between the belief that the perpetrators had to be mad to do what they did and the desire that they not escape due to punishment by psychiatric confinement and the recurrent problem in forensic assessment of assessing extreme overvalue beliefs. The forensic aspects at the trial of Peter Sutcliffe show that these issues were not unique to the Norwegian legal system.

The extreme upper tail of Japan’s citation distribution reveals its research success

A number of indications, such as the number of Nobel Prize winners, show Japan to be a scientifically advanced country. However, standard bibliometric indicators place Japan as a scientifically developing country. The present study is based on the conjecture that Japan is an extreme case of a general pattern in highly industrialized countries. In these countries, scientific publications come from two types of studies: some pursue the advancement of science and produce highly cited publications, while others pursue incremental progress and their publications have a very low probability of being highly cited. Although these two categories of papers cannot be easily identified and separated, the scientific level of Japan can be tested by studying the extreme upper tail of the citation distribution of all scientific articles. In contrast to standard bibliometric indicators, which are calculated from the total number of papers or from sets of papers in which the two categories of papers are mixed, in the extreme upper tail, only papers that are addressed to the advance of science will be present. Based on the extreme upper tail, Japan belongs to the group of scientifically advanced countries and is significantly different from countries with a low scientific level. The number of Clarivate Citation laureates also supports our hypothesis that some citation-based metrics do not reveal the high scientific level of Japan. Our findings suggest that Japan is an extreme case of inaccuracy of some citation metrics; the same drawback might affect other countries, although to a lesser degree.

Introducing Elinor for monitoring the governance and management of area-based conservation.

Monitoring the governance and management effectiveness of area-based conservation has long been recognized as an important foundation for achieving national and global biodiversity goals and enabling adaptive management. However, there are still many barriers that prevent conservation actors, including those affected by governance and management systems from implementing conservation activities and programs and from gathering and using data on governance and management to inform decision-making across spatial scales and through time. We explored current and past efforts to assess governance and management effectiveness and barriers actors face in using the resulting data and insights to inform conservation decision-making. To help overcome these barriers, we developed Elinor, a free and open-source monitoring tool that builds on the work of Nobel Prize winner Elinor Ostrom to facilitate the gathering, storing, sharing, analyzing, and use of data on environmental governance and management across spatial scales and for areas under different governance and management types. We consider the process of codesigning and piloting Elinor with conservation scientists and practitioners and the main components of the assessment and online data system. We also consider how Elinor complements existing approaches by addressing governance and management in a single assessment at a high level for different types of area-based conservation, providing flexible options for data collection, and integrating a data system with an assessment that can support data use and sharing across different spatial scales, including global monitoring of the Global Biodiversity Framework. Although challenges will continue, the process of developing Elinor and the tool itself offer tangible solutions to barriers that prevent the systematic collection and use of governance and management data. With broader uptake, Elinor can play a valuable role in enabling more effective, inclusive, and durable area-based conservation.

Announcing the 2023 Journal of Experimental Biology Outstanding Paper Prize shortlist and winner.

Announcing the 2023 Journal of Experimental Biology Outstanding Paper Prize shortlist and winner.

Hope and Healing in Thi Bui’s ‘The Best We Could Do’

Thi Bui's graphic novel, "The Best We Could Do", is a powerful exploration of one journey from war-torn Vietnam. The narrative delves into the anguish of immigration and the enduring impact of displacement on a child, providing an intimate portrayal of the challenges faced by refugees. Bui vividly reconstructs her family's troubled past through poignant illustrations and heartfelt narrations, creating a transportive picture of life in Vietnam and America. The memoir is recognised for its evocative storytelling, making it a touching exploration of the search for a better future and the longing for the past. Through evocative illustrations and heartfelt narrations, Bui vividly reconstructs the troubled past of her family. The narrative explores the anguish of immigration, the lasting effects of displacement on a child, and the search for a better future while grappling with a longing for the past. This ambitious memoir not only serves as a powerful historical record but also delves into the themes of hope and healing amid adversity. As Viet Thanh Nguyen, a Pulitzer Prize winner, describes it, the book is a poignant journey that both breaks and heals the heart. "The Best We Could Do" stands as a testament to the resilience of the human spirit in the face of challenging circumstances. This paper strives to show the significance of graphic memoirs in academia and society and how they create an alternate history that is humane and de-centres the prevailing accounts that ignore marginalised voices.

Poetic and theatrical occasionalisms: Creation of new morphologically complex words by Joseph von Eichendorff, Johann Nepomuk Nestroy, Peter Handke and Arno Schmidt

This contribution characterises and differentiates the poetic occasionalisms in the form of new morphologically complex words created by the early romantic German lyrical poet Joseph von Eichendorff, by the Austrian Nobel Prize winner for literature Peter Handke and by the extravagant German prosaic author Arno Schmidt and the occasionalisms created by the most famous Austrian comedy writer Johann Nepomuk Nestroy.The concept and term occasionalism has been founded by the Russian pioneer of stylistics Erik J. Chanpira (1996, see § 2) and defined as a newly created morphologically complex poetic word destined to be used with a literary function only once for a single passage and which is not taken over by anybody else. This definition holds for the authors investigated, except Eichendorff who reuses occasionalisms, which may be also reused by other lyrical poets of the same period or even later.The main part (§ 3) consists of the discussion of 17 criteria for characterising and differentiating the occasionalisms studied. These are productivity of word formation, literary functions, main content, single use vs. reuse of them, consequences of the noun bias of German and of the preference for binary relations, size of the word families of compound constituents (especially of the first constituent), the degree of poetic licence, semantically coherent vs. incoherent combination of words within a compound, embedding into the cotext and into the situational context, gapping constructions and their make-up, preference for compounding vs. derivational morphology.The conclusion and outlook (§ 4) present proposals how literary studies may profit from investigations of poetic and theatrical occasionalisms, which represent the highest degree of language creativity of literary authors. We urge that theatre productions should highlight occasionalisms and report that Nestroy’s German occasionalisms are generally better translated into English by programs of machine translation then by human translators.

A Tender Witness’s Story of War: A Tale on the Road in Three Voices

On February 24, 2022, we embarked on a war journey into the unknown, witnessing the war in Ukraine. Our contact with the war is mediated (mainly by the media), yet painful and saturated with extreme emotions. This article is an autoethnographic description of the experiences of this journey of three academics from Poland, a frontline country. The metaphor of the road is carried out by evocative autoethnography in terms of its symbolism of personal journey of each of us; nevertheless, it also unifies our experiences of war into one tender narrative. Embedded in the essence of our autoethnographic narrative of the war is a constant openness to new circumstances, the natural dynamics of action at the front and in the frontier country, and the constant search for and discovery of one’s own narrative identity. Each part of this path traveled is inscribed in the baggage of personal experience, a narrative of life in a frontier country, unification by the situation of witnessing the war, and the desire to express our resistance to it. It became a form of mental resistance, analysis, empathy, and concern which were our methods of struggle and a way of taking responsibility for the reality we witness. In the description, we used the “tender narrative” proposed in the texts of Nobel Prize winner Olga Tokarczuk.

Disparities in funding for Nobel Prize awards in medicine and physiology across nationalities, races, and gender.

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine has been awarded to numerous individuals for their outstanding contributions. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the Nobel Prize recipients, focusing on gender, race, and nationality. We observe that an alarming disparity emerges when we examine the underrepresentation of Black scientists among Nobel laureates. Furthermore, trends in nationalities show how Americans make up the majority of Nobel Prize winners, while there is a noticeable lack of gender and racial minority winners of the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. Together, this highlights the importance of diversity and inclusion in scientific achievement. We offer suggestions and techniques, including funding opportunities and expanding nominators, to improve the gender, racial, and geographical diversity of Nobel Prizes.

BSHM Neumann Prize Winner 2023

BSHM Neumann Prize Winner 2023

Prize Winner

Prize Winner