Wing Membranes Of Bats Research Articles

Mechanical properties of bat wing membrane skin

The skin of the bat wing in functionally unique among mammals: it serves as a major locomotor organ in addition to its protective and regulatory functions. We used tensile testing to investigate the mechanical capabilities of wing membrane skin, and compared stiffness, strength, load at failure, and energy absorption among specific wing regions and among a variety of bat taxa. We related these characteristics to the highly architectural fibrous supporting network of the wing membrane. We found that all material properties showed a strong anisotropy. In particular, wing membrane skin shows maximum stiffness and stregth parallel to the wing skeleton, and greatest extensibility parallel to the wing's trailing edge. We also found significant variation among wing regions. The uropatagium (tail membrane) supported the greatest load at failure, and the plagiopatagium (proximal wing membrane between laterl body wall and hand skeleton) is the weakest and most extensible part of the wing. We believe that the increased load bearing ability of the uropatagium relats to its key role in capture of insect prey, and that the great extensibility of the plagiopatagium promotes development of camber near the wing's centre of lift. In interspecific comparisons, energy absorpion and load to failure were greatest in Artibeus jamaicensis, the largest bat in our sample and the species with the highest wing loading, suggesting that wing loading may play a role in dictating the fuctional design of wing membranes.

Phénologie et variations du dermecos chez quelques espèces deSpinturnicidae (Acarina, Mesostigmata)

Original cards allow to make the first study exclusively on phenology and dermecos of Spinturnicidae. Phenology. Species studied of the genera Spinturnix and Eyndhovenia have reproduction and maximum population during summer: In winter some males and females are resistant stages. On the contrary Paraperiglischrus rhinolophinus is a winter species. Dermecos. Species of the genus Spinturnix are found on the wing membranes of bats all the year. E. euryalis is located on the wing membrane in summer and in the coat bordering on this one during winter. Males of P. rhinolophinus are on the wing membranes females and nymphs on back tail membrane.

Prospects for Regeneration in Man

Reports of fingertip regrowth in children are interpreted in the perspective of epimorphic regeneration in lower forms and in relation to a few other examples in mammals. The latter include cases of antler replacement in deer as well as ingrowth from the margins of holes cut in bat wing membranes and in the external ears of rabbits, pikas, cats, and echolocating bats. It is suggested that the relative inadequacy of regeneration in warm-blooded vertebrates may be attributed to the precocity with which they tend to form dermal scars in healing wounds, scars that are believed to preclude blastema production. Wound healing around the margins of rabbit ear holes is uniquely characterized by the development of prominent epidermal downgrowths adjacent to the severed sheets of dermis in the integument on either side of the ear. If these downgrowths act as epidermal blockades preventing scar formation in favor of allowing blastema cells to accumulate, a logical approach to the experimental induction of regeneration in normally nonregenerating mammalian appendages would involve manipulation of the mechanisms by which epidermis heals amputation stumps.

The presence in salivary secretions of Glossina morsitans of stages of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei other than those occurring in the salivary glands

Using the bat wing membrane technique to study salivary secretions of Glossina morsitans infected with Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei, it was shown that flies extrude infected salivary secretions as early as day six after an infective blood meal. The non-salivary-gland stages of T. (T.) brucei were extruded intermittently and flies infected with such trypanosomes were not all destined to develop metacyclic infections. Once the salivary glands were involved, the trypanosomes appeared in the secretions each time the flies were tested. Some of the flies with gut infections, but no demonstrable salivary gland involvement, transmitted T. brucei to mice and it is suggested that these infections were initiated by some of the proventricular trypanosomes secreted with saliva.

Ornithodoros moubata: Breeding in vitro

In vitro breeding of Ornithodoros moubata (Murray) was achieved by feeding the ticks on defibrinated porcine and bovine blood through bat's wing membrane. On either type of blood, the life cycle was completed and the ticks reached equal weights and consumed equal meals. On porcine blood, a higher number of eggs was produced, and nymphs matured after a fewer number of instars and had shorter intermolt periods than on bovine blood. Ticks bred on rabbit exhibit better utilization of rabbit blood for egg production than of porcine or bovine blood.

Some Physical Properties of the Wing Membranes of Bats

Journal Article Some Physical Properties of the Wing Membranes of Bats Get access Eugene H. Studier Eugene H. Studier Institute of Scientific Research, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, 87701 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 53, Issue 3, 27 September 1972, Pages 623–625, https://doi.org/10.2307/1379059 Published: 27 September 1972 Article history Accepted: 24 January 1972 Published: 27 September 1972

Bat's wing membrane for tsetse fly synthetic feeding

Bat's wing membrane for tsetse fly synthetic feeding

Mount Elgon bat virus: a hitherto undescribed virus from Rhinolophus hildebrandtii eloquens K. Anderson.

A hitherto undescribed virus was isolated from salivary glands of a fruitbat of the speciesRhinolophus hildebrandtii eloquens (K. Andersen). Some of its properties are discussed. Of the viruses, isolated from organs of bats only and not from other sources, this virus is the first of which multiplication in mosquitoes —Aedes aegypti — was demonstrated. Transmission to infant mice or to a blood reservoir through a batwing membrane was not achieved. The implications of the finding are discussed. The name Mount Elgon Bat virus (MEB) is proposed for the isolate.

Structure and Function of Lymphatics in Bat Wing Membranes

Structure and Function of Lymphatics in Bat Wing Membranes