Wine-processing Waste Sludge Research Articles

Permeable reactive barrier of waste sludge from wine processing utilized to block a metallic mixture plume in a simulated aquifer.

Heavy metal contamination in underground water commonly occurs in industrial areas in Taiwan. Wine-processing waste sludge (WPWS) can adsorb and remove several toxic metals from aqueous solutions. In this study, WPWS particles were used to construct a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for the remediation of a contaminant plume comprising HCrO4-, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, and AsO33- in a simulated aquifer. This PRB effectively prevented the dispersals of Cu2+, Zn2+, and HCrO4-, and their concentrations in the pore water behind the barrier declined below the control standard levels. However, the PRB failed to prevent the diffusion of Ni2+, Cd2+, and AsO33-, and their concentrations were occasionally higher than the control standard levels. However, 18% to 45% of As, 84% to 93% of Cd, and 16% to 77% of Ni were removed by the barrier. Ni ions showed less adsorption on the fine sand layer because of the layer's ineffectiveness in multiple competitive adsorptions. Therefore, the ions infiltrated the barrier at a high concentration, which increased the loading for the barrier blocking. The blocking efficiency was related to the degree of adsorption of heavy metals in the sand layer and the results of their competitive adsorption.

Wine-processing waste sludge permeable reaction barrier utilized to block a gasoline plume in a simulated aquifer.

Oil leakage from gas stations in Taiwan is commonly caused by the corrosion of oil tanks or loose pipeline joints, contaminating the soil and groundwater near the gas station. Wine-processing waste sludge (WPWS) does not contain toxic substances and has a high organic matter content. Thus, it has high affinity for methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), being suitable for application in preventing and controlling groundwater pollution. In this study, a permeable reaction barrier (PRB) constructed utilizing WPWS in a large water tank was designed to simulate the diffusion and blockage of gasoline plumes in an aquifer. The constructed WPWS PRB had a rectangular shape with a thickness and height of 9 and 60 cm, respectively. The depth in the aquifer was adjusted to 50 cm. MTBE was detected in the aquifer downstream of the WPWS PRB every day during the experiment; however, the maximum concentration detected was only 5.33 ppb. BTEX were only detected on 3 days during the experiment and had maximum concentrations of 1.76, 2.28, 0.34, and 0.60 ppb, which are below the water quality control standards.

Remediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Soil Using Alkaline Extractable Organic Carbon Solution Prepared from Wine-Processing Waste Sludge

ABSTRACTPast studies have shown that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) washing can effectively remove heavy metals from contaminated soil. In this study, we used alkaline DOC solutions for remediation of arsenic (As)-contaminated soil (with an initial As concentration in the topsoil of 390 mg kg−1). The removal of As and the change in soil nutrients during DOC washing were studied for 60 min at pH 10 with a 60:1 liquid/soil ratio (v/m). Approximately 88% of As was removed by washing the soil twice using a 3000 mg L−1 DOC solution at 25°C. Following this treatment, the pH of the soil had increased from 5.6 to 9.2; organic carbon content had increased from 3.5% to 4.1%; cation exchange capacity, ammonium-N, and available phosphorus had increased to 2.3, 1.4, and 6.6 times their original levels, respectively; and exchangeable K, Na, Ca, and Mg had increased to 91, 6.1, 4.2, and 2.2 times their original levels, respectively. A sequential extraction investigation revealed that residual As and easily exchangeable As in the fraction were initially 10.2% and 9.2%, respectively, but that the former became the maximum remainder (64%) after the ultimate DOC washing.

Remediation of lead-contaminated soil using dissolved organic carbon solutions prepared by wine-processing waste sludge

Wine-processing waste sludge and alkaline substances, including KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, and Mg(OH)2, were employed to prepare various dissolved organic carbon (DOC) solutions for remediating a Pb-contaminated cropland by soil washing. The Pb concentrations were 5340 and 4920mgkg−1 in the topsoil and subsoil, respectively. Aqueous solution treatment, general DOC treatment, and enhanced DOC treatment were proposed as treatments for the reclamation and determination of the factors affecting the removal of Pb, such as pH, initial concentration of the DOC solution, temperature, and washing frequency. The aqueous solution treatment could not remove sufficient Pb and therefore failed in the reclamation. Approximately 86.5% Pb was removed from the topsoil at pH2.0 by the general DOC treatment undergoing two wash cycles. However, over 90% Pb was removed from the subsoil under the same conditions; only the final Pb concentration in the subsoil met the control standard, 500mgkg−1. About 93% Pb in the topsoil could be removed at pH3.0 by the enhanced DOC treatment, which was performed using a 2500mgL−1 DOC solution containing abundant Ca2+ and Mg2+ at an 80:1 liquid/soil ratio (v/v) at 40°C for 60min. Meanwhile, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, NH4+-N, as well as exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg contents increased by 125%, 22.6%, 107%, 577%, 55.3%, and 306%, respectively, and the pH in the topsoil decreased to 3.7. The use of Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 not only prevented washing losses of the exchangeable Ca and Mg but also increased Pb removal by 20%. However, its use decreased the availability of P in the soil.

Reclamation of cadmium-contaminated soil using dissolved organic matter solution originating from wine-processing waste sludge

Soil washing using an acid solution is a common practice for removing heavy metals from contaminated soil in Taiwan. However, serious loss of nutrients from soil is a major drawback of the washing. Distillery sludge can be used to prepare a dissolved organic matter (DOM) solution by extracting its organic constituents with alkaline solutions. This study employed DOM solutions to remediate Cd-contaminated soil (with concentrations up to 21.5mgkg−1) and determine the factors affecting removal of Cd, such as pH, initial concentration of DOM solution, temperature, and washing frequency. When washing with pH 3.0 and 1250mgL−1 DOM solution, about 80% and 81% of Cd were removed from the topsoil at 27°C and subsoil at 40°C, respectively. To summarize the changes in fertility during DOM washing with various pH solutions: the increase in organic matter content ranged from 7.7% to 23.7%; cation exchange capacity (CEC) ranged from 4.6% to 13.9%; available ammonium (NNH4) content ranged from 39.4% to 2175%; and available phosphorus content ranged from 34.5% to 182%. Exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg remained in the topsoil after DOM washing, with concentrations of 1.1, 2.4, and 1.5 times higher than those treated with HCl solution at the same pH, respectively.

Adsorption of Cu(II) from Aqueous Solution by Wine Processing Waste Sludge

Wine processing waste sludge (WPWS) has been shown to be an effective sorbent for sorption of nickel, lead, and chromium, but the sorption of copper (Cu) in aqueous solution by WPWS has not been conducted. The objective of this study was to explore the sorption mechanism of WPWS for copper. Infrared analysis revealed carboxyl was the major functional group in WPWS. The WPWS sorption isotherms of copper were only well described by Langmuir sorption isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) was 14.26 mg/g at 50 degrees C. A pseudo-second-order sorption kinetic model successfully described the kinetics of copper sorption onto WPWS. The Gibb free energies (deltaG0) ranged from -20.69 to -24.29 kJ mol(-1), and the deltaH0 and deltaS0 were 5.048 kJ mol(-1) and 91.05 J mol(-1) K(-1), respectively. The trend of the intra-particular diffusion rate is the opposite of the adsorption constant of the pseudo-second-order equation.

Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution using wine-processing waste sludge

Dye wastewaters usually contain toxins and high chroma, making them difficult to treat with biological methods. The adsorption process plays an important role in removing dyes from wastewaters. This study aimed to explore the methylene blue (MB) adsorption mechanism by wine-processing waste sludge (WPWS). The WPWS contains a high cation-exchange capacity (64.2 cmol(c) kg(-1)) and organic matter (52.8%). The parameters affecting MB adsorption included pH, initial concentration of MB, reaction temperature, particle size and dosage of WPWS. The WPWS adsorption isotherms of MB were only well described by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity (Q(m)) of MB was 285.7 mg g(-1) at 25 °C. The activation energy determined by Arrhenius equation is 29.995 kJ mol(-1). Under steady-state reaction conditions, the Gibb free energy (ΔG°) ranged from -24.607 to -27.092 kJ mol(-1) and ΔH° was -8.926 kJ mol(-1), indicating that lower reaction temperature would favor MB adsorption. Therefore, MB adsorption by WPWS was a spontaneous, exothermic and physisorption reaction.

Biosorption of chromium, copper and zinc on rice wine processing waste sludge in fixed bed

Wine processing waste sludge (WPWS) has shown effective removal of heavy metals in batch studies, but the adsorption in a fixed-bed WPWS column has not been examined and the mass transport in this column remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate: (1) the retardation factor ( R) and the dispersion coefficient ( D) of WPWS, employing one-dimensional convective–dispersive model with breakthrough curve (BTC) and using chromium, copper and zinc as the adsorbates; and (2) explore the adsorption mechanism of WPWS column for heavy metals. The retardation factor for various metal treatments is shown in the following order: Cr(18.3) > Cu(13.0) > Zn(7.2), indicating their binding affinity toward WPWS. The dispersion coefficients were calculated to be 2.36 × 10 −6, 5.89 × 10 −7 and 6.83 × 10 −7 m 2 s −1 for Cr, Cu and Zn treatments, respectively. The high charge density for Cr 3+ ion makes it longer for the Cr column to attain exhaustion state, about 4.0 and 8.2 times the time required for the Cr and Zn columns. However, the least retardation and adsorption amount for Zn can be attributed to its full orbital in electronic configuration.

Biosorption of chromium, copper and zinc by wine-processing waste sludge: Single and multi-component system study

Wine-processing waste sludge (WPWS) has been shown to have powerful potential for sorption of some heavy metals (i.e., chromium, lead and nickel) in single-component aqueous solutions. But although most industrial wastewater contains two or more toxic metals, there are few sorption studies on multicomponent metals by WPWS. This study has two goals: (i) conduct competitive adsorption using Cr, Cu and Zn as sorbates and examine their interaction in binary or ternary systems; and (ii) determine the effects of temperature on the kinetic sorption reaction. The sludge tested contained a high amount of organic matter (38%) and had a high cation exchange capacity (CEC, 255 cmol c kg −1). Infrared analysis reveals that carboxyl is the main functional group in this WPWS. The 13C NMR determination indicates alkyl-C and carboxyl-C are major organic functional groups. At steady state, there are about 40.4% (Cr), 35.0% (Cu) and 21.9% (Zn) sorbed in the initial 6.12 mM of single-component solutions. Only pseudo-second-order sorption kinetic model successfully describes the kinetics of sorption for all experimental metals. The rate constants, k 2, of Cr, Cu and Zn in single-component solutions are 0.016, 0.030 and 0.154 g mg −1 min −1, respectively. The sorption of metals by WPWS in this competitive system shows the trend: Cr > Cu > Zn. Ions of charge, hydrated radius and electronic configuration are main factors affecting sorption capacity. The least sorption for Zn in this competitive system can be attributed to its full orbital and largest hydrated radius. Though the effect of temperature on Zn sorption is insignificant, high temperature favors the other metallic sorptions, in particular for Cr. However, the Cr sorption is lower than Cu at 10 °C. The Cr sorption by WPWS can be higher than that of Cu at 30° and 50 °C.

Chromium Removal and Sorption Mechanism from Aqueous Solutions by Wine Processing Waste Sludge

Wine processing waste sludge (WPWS) has been shown to be an effective sorbent for the sorption of heavy metals (i.e., chromium and nickel), but the mechanism of removal of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] by WPWS remains obscure. The aims of this study were to determine the effects of temperature, initial concentration of Cr(VI), and particle size on the removal Cr(VI) using WPWS. The characteristics of WPWS were determined, and sorption mechanism studies were also performed. The WPWS used was a deposit mixture containing considerable quantities of chemical coagulation as well as activated sludge precipitation from the settling basins of a wastewater treatment plant. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed that the WPWS comprised abundant labile carbohydrates and few aromatic structures. According to the IR spectrum, carboxylic groups were the most important functional group in WPWS, interacting with chromium species by protonation and redox reaction. All kinetic experiments were conducted a...

Removal of Nickel from Aqueous Solution Using Wine Processing Waste Sludge

Wine processing waste sludge (WPWS) has been shown to be an effective sorbent for sorption of some heavy metals (i.e., lead and chromium), but the sorption mechanism of heavy metal by WPWS has rema...

Adsorption of Cr(III) from wastewater by wine processing waste sludge

Wine processing waste sludge has been shown to be an effective adsorbent for the adsorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solution. The sludge has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-rays (EDX). The effect of pH, initial concentration of Cr(III), sludge particle size, and temperature on the adsorption studied. The equilibrium data could be described well by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. A separation factor was used to judge the favorable adsorption. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, Δ H 0 and Δ S 0, are 1.95 kJ/mol and 27.16 J/mol K, respectively. The Δ G 0 values range from −5.98 to −6.79 J/mol, which shows the physical adsorption properties of the sludge. Adsorption dynamics had been successfully studied by the Lagergren model and an intraparticle diffusion model.