Wine Intake Research Articles

Adherence to the mediterranean diet in an urban population of the ecuadorian sierra

Introduction: mediterranean diet is characterized by being balanced, varied, and includes the necessary nutrients for the life of the human being, the moderate intake of red wine has antioxidant characteristics, it prevents atherosclerosis becoming a cardiovascular protector, likewise the nuts contribute to the reduction of triglycerides.Objective: determine the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in an urban population of the Ecuadorian highlands.Methods: quantitative research, with a non-experimental descriptive correlational approach, cross-sectional, carried out in August 2022, which uses a questionnaire as a tool which was applied to a population of 133 people who constitute the sample of participants.Results: the results were tabulated using the Excel 2016 version software, obtaining scientific data. The study reflects that 66,2 % of the population shows low or poor adherence and 33,8 % show good adherence to the consumption of a Mediterranean diet, in many of the respondents the intake of carbonated drinks, high-calorie products such as cakes or commercial confectionery has become a habit forming these as a fundamental part of their diets.Conclusions: the mediterranean diet is a new concept for our country, however, there is a large amount of scientific evidence of the benefits that it brings to the nutritional status in addition to the prevention of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and hypertension

Association between modes of delivery and postpartum dietary patterns: A cross-sectional study in Northwest China.

Puerperae' dietary patterns (DPs) during the puerperium may be influenced by the mode of delivery, but population studies on this topic are scarce. This study aims to explore the relationship between DPs and different modes of delivery among puerperae. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3,345 parturients in Lanzhou, China. The postpartum food intake was measured by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Factor analysis was used to determine the DPs. Multiple linear regression was employed to examine the association between the mode of delivery and DP. In this study, two DPs, i.e., traditional and modern DPs, were identified. Traditional DP was characterized by high energy-adjusted intake of tubers, coarse cereals, rice, whole grains, fishery products, and eggs. Modern DP included a high intake of coffee, non-sugary drinks, wine, tea, and fishery products. Compared with participants with vaginal delivery (reference category), cesarean section had an inverse association with modern DP (β: -0.11, 95% CI: -0.36, -0.09). A significant interaction was found between education level, monthly household income, alcohol drinking, and modes of delivery. The inverse association between cesarean section and modern DP or the intake of coffee was significant among puerperae with higher or lower monthly household income. However, the inverse association between cesarean section and traditional DP was only found among puerperae with higher monthly household income. Moreover, among the participants with high education, cesarean section was positively associated with intake of vegetables. Cesarean puerperae with higher levels of education and those with lower and higher monthly household income had less unhealthy foods intake than those who had vaginal delivery. They need to be accounted for in educational programs and interventions focused on healthy diet recommendations in puerperium.

A Comparative Molecular Docking Study of Phytocompounds in Red Wine for the Management of Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes

BACKGROUND: In this study, we have investigated the binding affinity, ADME, and toxicity analysis of phytocompounds of red wine by performing molecular docking studies related to diabetes and cardioprotective activity. Our aim is to Identify the affinity of phytocompounds of red wine for the management of coronary artery disease and diabetes by performing docking. METHODS: Molecular docking and toxicity prediction were performed using AutoDock Vina, Pymol, Discovery studio, Autodock Tools, Chemdraw, Swiss ADME, and PROTOX-II tools. RESULTS: Docking investigations of phytocompounds in red wine with targeted proteins, such as 2ZJ3 and 5JMY, found that all selected phytocompounds had a high binding affinity and enhanced binding modes for selected target receptors, resulting in increased activity for diabetes and coronary artery disease. Gallotannin (hydrolysable tannin), the most major phytocompound found in red wine, has a high binding affinity for the 2ZJ3 protein, which is the isomerase domain of the human glucose: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase receptor (−11.9 Kcal/mol). Theaflavin has a binding affinity for the 5JMY protein of −11.4 Kcal/mol (neprilysin receptor). The binding affinity of all phytocompounds is depicted. CONCLUSION: Red wine is an alcoholic beverage that contains polyphenols such as anthocyanins, flavanols, tannins, and nonflavonoid chemicals, phenolic acids, and resveratrol. These chemicals have an effect on the pharmacological qualities of red wine. Investigators are very interested in the phenolic metabolites derived from polyphenol, phenolic acids parent molecules, and this topic needs to be researched more; hence, we conclude that docking studies of phytocompounds in red wine with targeted proteins, such as 2ZJ3 and 5JMY, found that all selected phytocompounds had a high binding affinity and enhanced binding modes for selected target receptors, resulting in management of activity for diabetes and coronary artery disease. The major drawback highlights concentration-dependent intake of red wine is highlights in the in-vivo study.

Effects of chronic disease diagnoses on alcohol consumption among elderly individuals: longitudinal evidence from China

ObjectivesThis study estimates the effect of chronic disease diagnoses (CDDs) on elderly Chinese individuals’ alcohol consumption behaviour.Subjects and participantsOur analysis was applied to a publicly available dataset that covers 5724...

Alcohol Intake and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Negative Control Analysis in the ALSPAC Cohort.

Background Alcohol intake increases blood pressure yet estimates of associations between maternal intake and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are sparse and range from null to a protective effect. Here we estimated the association of maternal drinking during pregnancy with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension (separately and jointly, as HDP). We used partner's alcohol intake as a negative control exposure, beverage type-specific models, and a range of sensitivity analyses to strengthen causal inference and reduce the influence of bias. Methods and Results We performed a longitudinal analysis of prospectively collected data on self-reported alcohol intake and presence of HDP from the UK ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) cohort. Multivariable multinomial regression models were adjusted for confounders and mutually adjusted for partner's or maternal alcohol intake in the negative control analysis. We also performed a beverage type analysis of the effect of beer and wine separately on HDP risk, owing to different social patterning associated with different drinks. Sensitivity analyses assessed the robustness of results to assumptions of no recall bias, no residual confounding, and no selection bias. Of the 8999 women eligible for inclusion, 1490 fulfilled the criteria for HDP (17%). Both maternal and partner's drinking were associated with decreased HDP odds (mutually adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.86; [95% CI, 0.77-0.96], P=0.008 and OR, 0.82; [95% CI, 0.70-0.97], P=0.018, respectively). We demonstrate the validity of the negative control analyses using the same approach for smoking as the exposure. This confirmed an inverse association for maternal but not partner's smoking, as expected. Estimates were more extreme for increasing levels of wine intake compared with increasing levels of beer. Multiple sensitivity analyses did not alter our conclusions. Conclusions We observed an inverse relationship between alcohol intake during pregnancy and risk of HDP for both maternal and, more surprisingly, partner's drinking. We speculate that this is more likely to be due to common environmental exposures shared between pregnant women and their partners rather than a true causal effect. This warrants further investigation using different study designs, including Mendelian randomization.

Baseline and lifetime alcohol consumption and risk of skin cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (EPIC).

Experimental evidence suggests that alcohol induces cutaneous carcinogenesis, yet epidemiological studies on the link between alcohol intake and skin cancer have been inconsistent. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) is a prospective cohort initiated in 1992 in 10 European countries. Alcohol intake at baseline and average lifetime alcohol intake were assessed using validated country-specific dietary and lifestyle questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated in Cox models. A total of 14 037 skin cancer cases (melanoma: n=2457; basal-cell carcinoma (BCC): n=8711; squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC): n=1928; unknown: n=941) were identified among 450 112 participants (average follow-up: 15 years). Baseline alcohol intake was positively associated with SCC (>15 vs 0.1-4.9 g/day: HR=1.44, 95% CI=1.17-1.77; Ptrend =.001), BCC (HR=1.12, 95% CI=1.01-1.23; Ptrend =.04), and melanoma risks in men (HR=1.17, 95% CI=0.95-1.44; Ptrend =.17), while associations were more modest in women (SCC: HR=1.09, 95% CI=0.90-1.30; Ptrend =.13; BCC: HR=1.08, 95% CI=1.00-1.17, Ptrend =.03; melanoma: HR=0.93, 95% CI=0.80-1.08, Ptrend =.13). Associations were similar for lifetime alcohol intake, with an attenuated linear trend. Lifetime liquor/spirit intake was positively associated with melanoma (fourth vs first quartile: HR=1.47, 95% CI=1.08-1.99; Ptrend =.0009) and BCC risks in men (HR=1.17, 95% CI=1.04-1.31; Ptrend =.14). Baseline and lifetime intakes of wine were associated with BCC risk (HR=1.25 in men; HR=1.11-1.12; in women). No statistically significant associations were found between beverage types and SCC risk. Intake of beer was not associated with skin cancer risk. Our study suggests positive relationships between alcohol intake and skin cancer risk, which may have important implications for the primary prevention of skin cancer.

Long-term Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Exfoliation Glaucoma or Glaucoma Suspect Status among United States Health Professionals

To assess the association between intakes of total alcohol and individual alcoholic beverages and the incidence of exfoliation glaucoma/glaucoma suspect (XFG/XFGS) status. Prospective cohort study. A total of 195 408 participants in the Nurses' Health Study (1980-2018), the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2018), and the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2019) were followed biennially. Eligible participants at each 2-year risk period were ≧ 40 years and free of XFG/XFGS status with available data on diet and ophthalmic examination findings. Cumulatively averaged total (primary exposure) and individual alcoholic beverage (beer, wine, and liquor) intakes from validated dietary information every 2-4 years. Confirmed incident XFG/XFGS status using medical records. We used per-eye Cox proportional hazards models, accounting for intereye correlations, to estimate multivariate-adjusted relative risks (MVRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During 6 877 823 eye-years of follow-up, 705 eyes with XFG/XFGS status were documented. Greater total alcohol consumption was associated significantly with higher XFG/XFGS status risk: the MVRR for XFG/XFGS status for cumulatively averaged alcohol consumption of ≧15 g/day or more versus nondrinking was 1.55 (95% CI, 1.17-2.07; P= 0.02 for trend). Long- and short-term alcohol intake was associated significantly with XFG/XFGS status risk, with the strongest associations with cumulatively averaged alcohol intake as of 4 years before diagnosis (MVRR ≥ 15 g/day vs. nondrinking, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.25-2.18; P= 0.002 for trend). Compared with nondrinkers, consuming ≧ 3.6 drinks of beer, wine, or liquor per week was associated with the following MVRRs for XFG/XFGS status: 1.26 (95% CI, 0.89-1.77; P= 0.40 for trend), 1.30 (95% CI, 1.00-1.68; P= 0.15 for trend), and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.15-1.85; P= 0.01 for trend), respectively. We did not observe interactions by age, latitude, residential tier, or intakes of folate or vitamin A (P > 0.40 for interaction); however, the association between alcohol and XFG/XFGS status was suggestively stronger for those without a family history of glaucoma (P= 0.10 for interaction). Long-term alcohol consumption was associated with a higher risk of XFG/XFGS status. Our findings provide further clues regarding the XFG/XFGS etiology.

Investigating Six Common Pesticides Residues and Dietary Risk Assessment of Romanian Wine Varieties.

The food and environmental safety debate extends to the use of pesticides in agriculture including the wine sector, which is one of the most intensive pesticide users across the agricultural sector. Pesticide utilisation is a common agricultural practice to protect fruits and plants from pathogens and insects while maintaining high production levels. Grapevine is generally a crop that is subject to intensive phytosanitary treatments, and therefore, it can be assumed that pesticide residues will accumulate in the vine-shoots and, later on, end up in the grapes and wines. The aim of this study was to determine the pesticide content in red, rosé, and white wines after phytosanitary treatments applied in the vineyard and their impact on long-term dietary risks. The following six pesticides were analysed: oxathiapiprolin, myclobutanil, iprovalicarb, tebuconazole, chlorantraniliprole, and acetamiprid. Samples were extracted using the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method and analysed for the residues of pesticides by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results indicated that the observed pesticides in the wine samples ranged between 0.05 and 0.75 ng/g. Dietary risks due to pesticide residues for women and men were evaluated using the estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) of wines. The HQs and HIs did not surpass the 1 value (HQ, HI < 1) for both women and men, denoting that the concentrations of pesticide residues in these wine samples do not pose any immediate risk to consumers. Moreover, a pesticide residue intake model (PRIMo) model analysis was conducted, and the results suggest that European adult consumers have a low pesticide residue intake due to moderate wine consumption. However, pesticide residue intakes have been associated with several human health problems and high toxicity levels, therefore reliable analytical methods to monitor their presence in horticultural crops is crucial for clean and safe food products and healthy consumers.

Effects of Moderate Consumption of Red Wine on Hepcidin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Iron overload is often associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), indicating that hepcidin, the master regulator of iron homeostasis, might be involved in diabetes pathogenesis. Alcohol consumption may also result in increased body iron stores. However, the moderate consumption of wine with meals might be beneficial in T2D. This effect has been mainly attributed to both the ethanol and the polyphenolic compounds in wine. Therefore, we examined the effects of red wine on hepcidin in T2D patients and non-diabetic controls. The diabetic patients (n = 18) and age- and BMI-matched apparently healthy controls (n = 13) were men, aged 40–65 years, non-smoking, with BMI < 35 kg/m2. Following a 2-week alcohol-free period, both groups consumed 300 mL of red wine for 3 weeks. The blood samples for the iron status analysis were taken at the end of each period. The red wine intake resulted in a decrease in serum hepcidin in both the diabetic subjects (p = 0.045) and controls (p = 0.001). The levels of serum ferritin also decreased after wine in both groups, reaching statistical significance only in the control subjects (p = 0.017). No significant alterations in serum iron, transferrin saturation, or soluble transferrin receptors were found. The suppression of hepcidin, a crucial iron-regulatory hormone and acute-phase protein, in T2D patients and healthy controls, is a novel biological effect of red wine. This may deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of the cardiometabolic effects of wine in T2D.

Polyphenols and Ulcerative Colitis: An Exploratory Study of the Effects of Red Wine Consumption on Gut and Oral Microbiome in Active-Phase Patients.

This paper explores the effects of moderate red wine consumption on the clinical status and symptomatology of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), including the study of the oral and intestinal microbiome. A case control intervention study in UC patients is designed. Intervention patients (n = 5) consume red wine (250mLday-1 ) for 4 weeks whereas control patients (n = 5) do not. Moderate wine consumption significantly (p<0.05) improves some clinical parameters related to serum iron, and alleviates intestinal symptoms as evaluated by the IBDQ-32 questionnaire. 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicate a non-significant (p>0.05) increase in bacterial alpha diversity after wine intervention in both saliva and fecal microbiota. Additional comparison of taxonomic data between UC patients (n = 10) and healthy subjects (n = 8) confirm intestinal dysbiosis for the UC patients. Finally, analysis of fecal metabolites (i.e., phenolic acids and SCFAs) indicates a non-significant increase (p >0.05) for the UC patients that consumed wine. Moderate and regular red wine intake seems to improve the clinical status and symptoms of UC patients in the active phase of the disease. However, studies with a greater sample size are required to achieve conclusive results.

A Review on Role of Nutraceutical in Alzhemer’s Disease

Nutraceuticals are the products derive from food sources with extra health benefits. They can prevent malignant processes. The term ‘nutraceuticals’ combines two words ‘nutrients ( a nourishing food component ) and ‘pharmaceuticals’(a medical drug ) The philosophy behind nutraceuticals is according to Hippocrates “ Let food be your medicine”. Categories of nutraceuticals are dietary supplements, functional food, medicinal food, pharmaceuticals. Advance age is often characterized by a declined in large spectrum of cognitive abilities including reasoning, memory, perceptual speed and language. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common and feared from dementia representing circa 70% of all dementia cases and displaying a dramatic epidemics due to the enormous growth of the aged population worldwide. It is still unclear which factors lead to molecular cascade of neurode generation in AD, but along with genetic environmental factors vascular pathology and risk factor have been recently shown to play crucial role in AD pathogenesis .AD impacts dramatically on everyday life of older adults, being one of the main cause of disability in old age. There is clear evidence that a diet rich in specific nutritional food group (fruit, fish, vegetables) can reduce the incidence and prevalence of some of the main clinical outcomes, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer. This specific nutritional food group are rich in micronutrients and vitamins are beneficial for health. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high consumption of plant food, fish olive oil as primary source of monounsaturated fat and moderate intake of wine. In this article, we focus our attention on group of substance proposed to prevent or treat Alzheimer’s disease.

Red wine but not alcohol consumption improves cardiovascular function and oxidative stress of the hypertensive-SHR and diabetic-STZ rats

ABSTRACT Hypertension and diabetes development had been characterized as idiopathic disorders tightly interconnected, and therefore it is essential to understand how the functionality of neurohormonal pathways are involved in both diseases. Hypertensive and diabetic patients have shown increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), oxidative stress, vascular hypertrophy, and remodeling. It is well established that the long-term consumption of red wine and/or polyphenol-stilbene causes cardioprotective and antihypertensive effects; however, some functions remain unrevealed. Downstream pathways such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), sympathoadrenal axis represented by β1-adrenoceptors, and renin–angiotensin system via angiotensin-II receptors critically contribute to hypertension development. Aims This raised the issue of whether in vivo long-term red wine treatment can act as a modulator of these targets. Main methods We monitored SBP, glucose tolerance, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular function. Aortic and atrial tissues from normotensive-WKY, hypertensive-SHR, and diabetic-STZ animals, chronically exposed to red wine (3.715 ml/kg/v.o/day) or alcohol (12%) for 21-days, were used to measure contractile/relaxation responses by force transducers. Key findings: red wine, but not alcohol, prevented the increase of SBP and hyperglycemic peak. Additionally, was observed prevention of oxidative stress metabolites formation and an improvement in ROS scavenging antioxidant capacity of SHR. We also revealed that red wine intake enhances the endothelium-dependent relaxation, decreases the hypercontractile mediated by angiotensin-II in the aorta, and via β1-adrenoceptors in the atrium. Significance The long-term consumption of red wine can improve oxidative stress and the functionality of angiotensin-II and β1-adrenoceptors, inspiring new pharmacologic and dietetic therapeutic approaches for the treatment of hypertension and diabetes. Abbreviation Acronyms and/or abbreviations: [Ca2+]cyt = Cytosolic Ca2+ Concentration; ACh = Acetylcholine; ANG II = Angiotensin II; AT1 = ANG II type 1 receptor; AUC = Area Under the Curve; Ca2+ = Calcium; Endo + = Endothelium Intact; Fen = Phenylephrine (1 μM); GTT = Glucose Tolerance Test; ISO = Isoprenaline (isoproterenol); KHN = Krebs-Henseleit Nutrient; LA = Left Atria; LH = Lipid Hydroperoxide; NO = Nitric Oxide; RA = Right Atria; RAS = Renin-Angiotensin System; ROS = Reactive Oxygen Species; SBP = Systolic Blood Pressure; SHR = Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats; STZ = Streptozotocin; WKY = Normotensive Wistar Kyoto Rats.

The role of poor mental health in substance use across socioeconomic strata of Armenian adolescents: a counterfactual mediation analysis

ABSTRACT Objective To study the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and adolescent substance use and explore the role of poor mental health in that relationship. Methods Adolescents aged 11–15 years participated in the Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey in Armenia. Robust Poisson regression and counterfactual mediation analysis were used. Results In a pooled analysis with 6512 adolescents, the adjusted prevalences of current smoking (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.93, 95%CI = 1.29–2.88), weekly beer (PR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.07–2.01), spirits (PR = 1.54, 95%CI = 1.01–2.37) or lifetime cannabis use (PR = 3.10, 95%CI = 0.91–10.59) were greater in low-SEP adolescents compared to the middle-SEP group. Poor mental health explained 25.6%-54.7% of that relationship. Similarly, high-SEP adolescents had increased risks of current smoking (PR = 1.54, 95%CI = 0.98–2.42), weekly beer (PR = 1.55, 95%CI = 1.11–2.18), spirit (PR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.02–2.45), wine (PR = 1.33 95%CI = 1.01–1.75) intake, than middle-SEP adolescents. Conclusions Both low- and high-SEP adolescents in Armenia are at greater risk of substance use than the middle-income group. Poor mental health substantially contributes to substance use among low-SEP adolescents. Additional studies are needed to clarify the motives for substance use among high-SEP adolescents.

Intake Patterns of Specific Alcoholic Beverages by Prostate Cancer Status.

Simple SummaryPrevious studies have shown heavy intake of different alcoholic beverages affects prostate cancer (PCa) clinical outcomes differently. However, the intake patterns of specific alcoholic beverages for PCa status are understudied. The study’s objective is to evaluate intake patterns of total alcohol and three types of alcoholic beverage (beer, wine, and spirits) by PCa risk and aggressiveness status. This study included 10,029 men with European ancestry (4676 non-PCa men and 5353 PCa patients). We found PCa patients had a similar total heavy alcohol intake compared with non-PCa men. However, PCa patients were likely to drink more wine and spirits than non-PCa men. Patients with aggressive PCa drank more beer but not wine and spirits. Interestingly, heavy wine intake was inversely associated with PCa aggressiveness. These findings suggest that the intake patterns of specific alcoholic beverages differ by PCa status, and this information might help develop personalized alcohol intervention for PCa patients.Background: Previous studies have shown that different alcoholic beverage types impact prostate cancer (PCa) clinical outcomes differently. However, intake patterns of specific alcoholic beverages for PCa status are understudied. The study’s objective is to evaluate intake patterns of total alcohol and the three types of beverage (beer, wine, and spirits) by the PCa risk and aggressiveness status. Method: This is a cross-sectional study using 10,029 men (4676 non-PCa men and 5353 PCa patients) with European ancestry from the PCa consortium. Associations between PCa status and alcohol intake patterns (infrequent, light/moderate, and heavy) were tested using multinomial logistic regressions. Results: Intake frequency patterns of total alcohol were similar for non-PCa men and PCa patients after adjusting for demographic and other factors. However, PCa patients were more likely to drink wine (light/moderate, OR = 1.11, p = 0.018) and spirits (light/moderate, OR = 1.14, p = 0.003; and heavy, OR = 1.34, p = 0.04) than non-PCa men. Patients with aggressive PCa drank more beer than patients with non-aggressive PCa (heavy, OR = 1.48, p = 0.013). Interestingly, heavy wine intake was inversely associated with PCa aggressiveness (OR = 0.56, p = 0.009). Conclusions: The intake patterns of some alcoholic beverage types differed by PCa status. Our findings can provide valuable information for developing custom alcohol interventions for PCa patients.

Relation of Alcohol Intake to Kidney Function and Mortality Observational, Population-Based, Cohort Study.

Data are conflicting about the effects of alcohol intake on kidney function. This population-based study investigated associations of alcohol intake with kidney function and mortality. The study cohort included adult participants in Exam-1, Exam-2 (6-year follow-up), and Exam-3 (20-year follow-up) of the Gubbio study. Kidney function was evaluated as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, CKD-Epi equation, mL/min × 1.73 m2). Daily habitual alcohol intake was assessed by questionnaires. Wine intake accounted for >94% of total alcohol intake at all exams. Alcohol intake significantly tracked over time (R > 0.66, p < 0.001). Alcohol intake distribution was skewed at all exams (skewness > 2) and was divided into four strata for analyses (g/day = 0, 1–24, 25–48, and >48). Strata of alcohol intake differed substantially for lab markers of alcohol intake (p < 0.001). In multivariable regression, strata of alcohol intake related cross-sectionally to eGFR at all exams (Exam-1: B = 1.70, p < 0.001; Exam-2: B = 1.03, p < 0.001; Exam-3: B = 0.55, p = 0.010) and related longitudinally to less negative eGFR change from Exam-1 to Exam-2 (B = 0.133, p = 0.002) and from Exam-2 to Exam-3 (B = 0.065, p = 0.004). In multivariable Cox models, compared to no intake, intakes > 24 g/day were not associated with different mortality while an intake of 1–24 g/day was associated with lower mortality in the whole cohort (HR = 0.77, p = 0.003) and in the subgroup with eGFR < 60 mL/min × 1.73 m2 (HR = 0.69, p = 0.033). These data indicate a positive independent association of alcohol intake with kidney function not due to a mortality-related selection.

Association of Alcohol Types, Coffee, and Tea Intake with Risk of Dementia: Prospective Cohort Study of UK Biobank Participants.

The prevalence of dementia is increasing globally and is linked to obesity and unfavorable dietary habits. The present study analyses the association of alcohol intake from wine and non-wine alcoholic beverages (non-wine) in g/d, as well as coffee and tea in cups/d, with incident dementia. Over 4.2 million person-years, 4270 dementia cases occurred in 351,436 UK Biobank participants. Hazard ratios (HRs) for incident dementia were defined with Cox proportional hazard regression models in which beverage intake was fitted as penalized cubic splines. Wine intake showed a significant U-shaped association with the lowest risk for incident dementia (nadir) ranging from 21 to 23 g alcohol/d in all participants and in males. In contrast, non-wine consumption was significantly and dose-dependently associated with incident dementia, and the nadir was found at 0 g alcohol/d. Coffee consumption was not related to dementia risk, while moderate-to-high tea intake was negatively associated with incident dementia. Taken together, the current study shows on a population level that moderate consumption of wine and moderate-to-high tea intake is associated with a decreased risk of incident dementia. In contrast, non-wine is positively related to dementia risk in a linear fashion, and no clear association is found for coffee.

Alcohol intake and bradyarrhythmia risk: a cohort study of 407 948 individuals.

Aims There is a paucity of epidemiological evidence on alcohol and the risk of bradyarrhythmias. We thus characterized associations of total and beverage-specific alcohol consumption with incident bradyarrhythmias using data from the UK Biobank.Methods and results Alcohol consumption reported at baseline was calculated as UK standard drinks (8 g alcohol)/week. Bradyarrhythmia events were defined as sinus node dysfunction (SND), high-level atrioventricular block (AVB), and permanent pacemaker implantations. Outcomes were assessed through hospitalization and death records, and dose–response associations were characterized using Cox regression models with correction for regression dilution bias. We studied 407 948 middle-aged individuals (52.4% female). Over a median follow-up time of 11.5 years, a total of 8 344 incident bradyarrhythmia events occurred. Increasing total alcohol consumption was not associated with an increased risk of bradyarrhythmias. Beer and cider intake were associated with increased bradyarrhythmia risk up to 12 drinks/week; however, no significant associations were observed with red wine, white wine, or spirit intake. When bradyarrhythmia outcomes were analysed separately, a negative curvilinear was observed for total alcohol consumption and risk of SND, but no clear association with AVB was observed.Conclusion In this predominantly White British cohort, increasing total alcohol consumption was not associated with an increased risk of bradyarrhythmias. Associations appeared to vary according to the type of alcoholic beverage and between different types of bradyarrhythmias. Further epidemiological and experimental studies are required to clarify these findings.

Exposome and Skin. Part 2. The Influential Role of the Exposome, Beyond UVR, in Actinic Keratosis, Bowen's Disease and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Proposal.

Actinic keratosis (AK) is the main risk factor for the development of cutaneous invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It represents the first sign of severe chronic ultraviolet radiation exposure, which has a clear significant effect. Nevertheless, the skin is exposed to many other exposome factors which should be thoroughly considered. Our aim was to assess the impact of exposome factors other than ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the etiopathology of AK and Bowen’s disease (BD) and progression of AK to SCC and to design tailored prevention strategies. We performed an exhaustive literature search in September 2021 through PubMed on the impact of exposome factors other than UVR on AK, BD and SCC. We conducted several parallel searches combining terms of the following topics: AK, BD, SCC and microbiome, hormones, nutrition, alcohol, tobacco, viral infections, chemical contaminants and air pollution. Notably, skin microbiome studies have shown how Staphylococcus aureus infections are associated with AK and AK-to-SCC progression by the production of chronic inflammation. Nutritional studies have demonstrated how a caloric restriction in fat intake, oral nicotinamide and moderate consumption of wine significantly reduce the number of premalignant keratoses and SCC. Regarding lifestyle factors, both alcohol and smoking are associated with the development of SCC in a dose-dependent manner. Relevant environmental factors are viral infections and chemical contaminants. Human papillomavirus infections induce deregulation of cellular proliferation and are associated with AK, BD and SCC. In addition to outdoor jobs, occupations such as industrial processing and farming also increase the risk of developing keratoses and SCC. The exposome of AK will undoubtedly help the understanding of its etiopathology and possible progression to SCC and will serve as a basis to design tailored prevention strategies.

Alcohol consumption and risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death: An observational study of 408,712 individuals.

Although previous studies have demonstrated a U-shaped relationship between alcohol and sudden cardiac death (SCD), there is a paucity of evidence on the role of alcohol specifically on incident ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). The purpose of this study was to characterize associations of total and beverage-specific alcohol consumption with incident VA and SCD using data from the UK Biobank. Alcohol consumption reported at baseline was calculated as UK standard drinks (8 g of alcohol) per week. Outcomes were assessed through hospitalization and death records. Alcohol consumption was modeled as restricted cubic splines in multivariate Cox regression models and corrected for regression dilution bias. We studied 408,712 middle-aged individuals (52.1% female) over a median follow-up time of 11.5 years. A total of 1733 incident VA events and 2044 SCDs occurred. For incident VA, no clear association was seen with total alcohol consumption. Although consumption of greater amounts of spirits was associated with increased VA risk, no other significant beverage-specific associations were observed. For SCD, a U-shaped association was seen for total alcohol consumption, such that consumption of <26 drinks per week was associated with lowest risk. Consumption of greater amounts of beer, cider, and spirits was potentially associated with increasing SCD risk, whereas increasing red and white wine intake was associated with reduced risk. In this predominantly white cohort, no association of total alcohol consumption was observed with VA, whereas a U-shaped association was present for SCD. Additional studies utilizing accurately defined VA and SCD events are required to provide further insights into these contrasting findings.

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet of Pregnant Women in Central South Africa: The NuEMI Study.

Introduction:The Mediterranean diet (MeD) has been shown to have significant health benefits for adults and children. A mother’s diet during pregnancy directly impacts the health of her offspring. This study aimed to investigate the adherence to the MeD of pregnant women attending antenatal care at a Regional Hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa (SA).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on a consecutive sample of 681 pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic of a Regional Hospital in Bloemfontein. Socio-demographics included: age, highest level of education, household income, employment status, and income stability. Food group intake was assessed with a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The adapted Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MeDAS) consisted of 13 of the original 14 questions that measured intake of key food groups (score of ⩽7 poor, 8-9 moderate, ⩾10 good) (wine intake was excluded for pregnant women).Results:A total of 681 pregnant women with a median age of 31.8 years (IQR: 26.8-36.5 years) and a median gestational age of 32.0 weeks at the time of the interview participated in the study. The vast majority showed poor adherence to the MeD (99.6%), with only 0.4% (n = 3) having moderate adherence and 0% good adherence. The median adherence score was 5 points and the maximum 8 points. Of those with poor adherence, only 11.5% had tertiary education, 43.2% earned less than R 3000 (<201 USD) per month, 52.5% were unemployed, and 42.0% did not have a stable income in the past 6 months. Of the 3 participants with moderate adherence, all had grade 11 to 12 education, 2 out of the 3 earned more than R3000 (201 USD), one was unemployed, and 2 had a stable income over the past 6 months. Compared to those with an income ⩽ R3000 (⩽201 USD), those with an income above R3000 were significantly more likely to eat nuts (including peanuts) (2.0% vs 4.6%, P = .05), and adhere to sofrito (similar to tomato and onion relish) intake (9.2% vs 15.6%, P = .02). Compared to those who only had a primary education level up to grade 10 (n = 229), those who had a secondary education level or more (grade 11 and higher, n = 452) were significantly more likely to consume enough olive oil per day (1.3% vs 5.0%, P = .01), and to consume sofrito (6.6% vs 18.0%, P = .02).Conclusion:Pregnant participants showed poor adherence to the MeD. Although almost all women fell in the poor adherence group, secondary education contributed to consuming recommended amounts of olive oil and sofrito and higher income was associated with an adequate intake of nuts and sofrito. Based on the findings, we recommend the development of a contextualized MeDAS tool that includes foods that are typically eaten by most South Africans for similar MeD benefits.