Windy Weather Research Articles

Tree failure - A natural phenomenon with forensic implications.

Tree failure, or summer branch drop, refers to situations where large branches or whole trees may unexpectedly drop on unsuspecting victims. On occasion, this involves vehicles impacted by falling overhanging trees or branches. To study this phenomenon further review of the Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, Australia, database and an internet news search were undertaken over a 20 year period from March 2004 to February 2024 for all cases where unexpected accidental deaths in South Australia had been caused by falling branches or trees. There were six cases (age range 12-63 years; average 39 years; M:F 1:2). Three deaths occurred when branches dropped onto vehicles being driven along roads, 2 occurred when entire trees dropped onto the victims (one in windy weather) and 1 was due to a branch drop. Three tree species were identified as a grey box gum tree (Eucalyptus microcarpa), a lemon-scented gum tree (Corymbia citriodora) and a Cottonwood tree (Populus deltoides). The remainder were variants of eucalyptus (gum) trees. Deaths due to tree failures are uncommon and may involve a variety of different tree species with these events not necessarily occurring during high winds or storms. The major findings at autopsy are blunt force injuries.

Torpor use in the wild by one of the world's largest bats.

Torpor is widespread among bats presumably because most species are small, and torpor greatly reduces their high mass-specific resting energy expenditure, especially in the cold. Torpor has not been recorded in any bat species larger than 50 g, yet in theory could be beneficial even in the world's largest bats (flying-foxes; Pteropus spp.) that are exposed to adverse environmental conditions causing energy bottlenecks. We used temperature telemetry to measure body temperature in wild-living adult male grey-headed flying-foxes (P. poliocephalus; 799 g) during winter in southern Australia. We found that all individuals used torpor while day-roosting, with minimum body temperature reaching 27°C. Torpor was recorded following a period of cool, wet and windy weather, and on a day with the coldest maximum air temperature, suggesting it is an adaptation to reduce energy expenditure during periods of increased thermoregulatory costs and depleted body energy stores. A capacity for torpor among flying-foxes has implications for understanding their distribution, behavioural ecology and life history. Furthermore, our discovery increases the body mass of bats known to use torpor by more than tenfold and extends the documented use of this energy-saving strategy under wild conditions to all bat superfamilies, with implications for the evolutionary maintenance of torpor among bats and other mammals.

Artificial Neural Networks for Solar Radiation Prediction: Case Study, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq

For solar energy to develop a clean, renewable alternative to fossil fuels, it is important to be able to correctly predict surface longwave radiation. To improve cost-efficiency and accuracy in surface longwave radiation (SLR) predictions, forecast systems are increasingly utilizing artificial neural networks (ANNs). This study uses two different procedures for predicting solar radiation in great detail. The first model uses weather statistics from a station in Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq. The second model, on the other hand, uses daily statistics from 2022 from NASA's Prediction of Worldwide Energy dataset for the same site. The scaled conjugate gradient technique was used in both models. The goal is to find the best mix of meteorological factors that can be used with an ANN model to achieve accurate predictions. Based on the findings of this study, temperature, relative humidity, and Rainfall all seem to have a big effect on SLR. On the other hand, windy weather doesn't have much of an effect on SLR. ANN models also did very well when trained with data from NASA's Prediction of Worldwide Energy, with an R2-value of 0.823 and an RMSE value of 0.0106. The results show that this mix does better than other models in terms of performance score.

Burden of atopic dermatitis in Europe: A population-centred approach leveraging web search data in 21 European countries.

The complexity, high prevalence, and substantial personal and socioeconomic burden collectively render atopic dermatitis (AD) a major public health concern. Using crowdsourced Internet data has the potential to provide unique insights into this concern, as demonstrated by several previous studies. However, a comprehensive comparison across European countries remains lacking. The study aimed to investigate AD-related web searches across Europe to assess spatiotemporal variations and associations between disease-related and external factors. AD-related web search data were extracted for 21 European countries between February 2019 and January 2023. Descriptive analysis and autocorrelation functions were performed to examine spatiotemporal patterns. Correlations (r) were used to evaluate the associations between web searches and disease-related, socioeconomic and meteorological data. Over 241 million AD-related web searches were identified, with search volume varying substantially among European countries (p < 0.001) and correlating with AD prevalence and disease burden (both r = 0.51, p = 0.019). Search volume increased between 2019 and 2023 in all countries and seasonally peaked in January and March. Negative correlations with median population age (r = -0.46, p = 0.039), number of general practitioners (r = -0.29, p = 0.226) and specialists (r = -0.27, p = 0.270) were observed. Moderate to strong correlations were found between search volume and cold, humid and windy weather with fewer sunshine hours, while higher online interest typically occurred 1-3 months after such weather conditions. The study highlights the great potential of online crowdsourced data analysis, for example, to investigate the impact of climate change or to identify unmet needs at a population level. Furthermore, the growing online interest in AD and the corresponding seasonal peaks emphasize the necessity of adapting treatment plans, intensifying public health campaigns, and disseminating reliable online information by governments and healthcare providers, especially during these periods.

Mooring Safety Analysis of Cable Breaking Accident of a Very Large Ore Carrier under Extreme Windy Weather Based on Numerical Simulation

Mooring forces and their uniformity are important indexes used to ensure the safety of mooring systems. In this study, a process analysis for ship cable breaking accidents is conducted through numerical simulation based on OPTIMOOR to analyze the mooring conditions of a 300,000-ton very large ore carrier (VLOC) cable breaking accident under extreme windy weather. Numerical simulation of the cable force of the vessel mooring accident is performed by using the proposed method, which basically restores the cable breaking accident under the windy weather. On the basis of the accident analysis of the VLOC and the comparative test under the assumption, a reasonable conclusion is obtained by discussing mooring safety under two modes, namely, ‘preadjusting the cable’ and ‘not adjusting the cable’. The numerical simulation research methods and conclusions presented in this paper can provide reliable reference for ship engineering and Marine investigation.

Patterns of the relationship between the Secchi disk depth and the optical characteristics of water in the Neva Estuary (Baltic Sea): the influence of environmental variables

The Secchi disc depth (Dsd) measurement is widely used to monitor eutrophication and the quality of the aquatic environment. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Dsd and various factors, including the coefficient of attenuation of photosynthetically active radiation [Kd (PAR)], the depth of the euphotic zone (Deu), PAR at the Secchi disk depth (Esd) and the absorption coefficient of PAR (F) in the Neva Estuary, one of largest estuaries of the Baltic Sea. Environmental variables impacting these indices were identified using data collected from midsummer 2012 to 2020. The Dsd values in the estuary ranged from 0.3 to 4.0 m, with an average value of 1.8 m, while the Deu/Dsd ratio ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 with an average value of 2.8. These values were significantly lower than those observed in the open waters of the Baltic Sea. The highest Deu/Dsd ratio was observed in turbid waters characterized by high Kd(PAR) and low Dsd. Contrary to expectations, Dsd did not exhibit a significant relationship with the concentration of chlorophyll a, raising doubts about the utility of historical Dsd data for reconstructing phytoplankton development in the estuary. Principal component analysis did not identify the primary environmental variables strongly affecting the optical characteristics of water. However, recursive partitioning of the dataset using analysis of variance (CART approach) revealed that the concentration of suspended mineral matter (SMM) was the primary predictor of Deu/Dsd, Kd(PAR), and F. This SMM was associated with the frequent resuspension of bottom sediments during windy weather and construction activities in the estuary. Concentrations of suspended organic matter and the depth of the water area were found to be less significant as environmental variables. Furthermore, the CART approach demonstrated that different combinations of environmental variables in estuarine waters could result in similar optical indicator values. To reliably interpret the data and determine the optical characteristics of water in estuaries from Dsd, more complex models incorporating machine learning and neural connections are required. Additionally, reference determinations of Esd in various regions with specific sets of environmental variables would be valuable for comparative analyses and better understanding of estuarine systems.

Improving the flight endurance of multi-rotor drones in windy days

Most recently, the technology of unmanned vehicles/systems (UVs/USs) has experienced substantial growth. These vehicles can operate on land, in water as well as and even through the air. They have become increasingly important in various civil applications, incorporating surveillance, precise farming, imagery collection, and search and rescue operations, surpassing manned systems in many aspects. Increased mission safety and cheaper operating expenses are provided by unmanned vehicles. UAVs, often known as unmanned aerial vehicles, are one of them that are widely utilized in construction projects because of its benefits including low costs for upkeep, simple deployment, the capacity to hover, and outstanding mobility. The most significant challenge facing the application of drones is their endurance, especially in harsh and windy weather conditions where drones consume power at a faster rate. In this paper, this work explores improvements in drone endurance through lightweight material design, battery enhancements, and path planning by studying and organizing relevant literature from various authors. These advancements aim to effectively extend the flight time of drones, thereby enabling them to successfully complete missions.

Unusual outbreaks of curly top disease in processing tomato fields in northern California in 2021 and 2022 were caused by a rare strain of beet curly top virus and facilitated by extreme weather events

In the western United States, curly top disease (CTD) is caused by beet curly top virus (BCTV). In California, CTD causes economic loss to processing tomato production in central and southern areas but, historically, not in the north. Here, we document unusual CTD outbreaks in processing tomato fields in the northern production area in 2021 and 2022, and show that these were caused by the rare spinach curly top strain (BCTV-SpCT). These outbreaks were associated with proximity of fields to foothills and unusually hot, dry, and windy spring weather conditions, possibly by altering migrations of the beet leafhopper (BLH) vector from locations with BCTV-SpCT reservoirs. Support for this hypothesis came from the failure to observe CTD outbreaks and BLH migrations in 2023, when spring weather conditions were cool and wet. Our results show the climate-induced emergence of a rare plant virus strain to cause an economically important disease in a new crop and location.

A new reference-quality precipitation gauge wind shield

Abstract. Gauge-based precipitation measurements suffer from undercatch due to the effects of wind, with solid-precipitation measurements especially susceptible to such errors. When it is snowing and windy, unshielded precipitation gauges can catch less than half of the amount of precipitation of a gauge that is protected from the wind. For this reason, the US Climate Reference Network (USCRN) developed a large, double-layer, wooden wind shield called the Small Double Fence Intercomparison Reference (SDFIR). In past studies, the SDFIR has been demonstrated to be the most effective wind shield in use in any weather or climate network, reducing solid-precipitation undercatch to less than 10 % in wind speeds up to 8 m s−1. However, the wooden SDFIRs are subject to decay, they are difficult to replace and maintain, and they hinder access to maintaining the gauge. For these reasons, a new precipitation gauge wind shield called the Low Porosity Double Fence (LPDF) has been developed for use in the USCRN. Tested at three separate sites chosen for prevalent windy and snowy weather, the precipitation measurements recorded within the LPDF compared well to the SDFIR. After more than 2 years of measurements, the total precipitation recorded by the LPDF at each individual site differed by ±1.2 %, and the total LPDF accumulation from all sites was 0.03 % greater than the SDFIR accumulation. For the measurement of solid precipitation, the LPDF-shielded measurements were statistically indistinguishable from those in the SDFIR shield, and the time series of accumulation from precipitation gauges shielded by the SDFIR and the LPDF were almost identical. This new wind shield is much smaller and easier to install and maintain than any other reference-quality wind shield for the measurement of solid precipitation and may be of use within other meteorological, hydrological, and climate networks. It could also serve as a secondary reference precipitation measurement for precipitation intercomparisons held in remote locations where the construction of a full-sized Double Fence Intercomparison Reference (DFIR) shield is not feasible.

Effect of the use of retardant chemical additive in concrete on rebar corrosion

Reinforced concrete (RC) is one of the most widely used building materials. However, RC, especially in coastal seaside or humid environments, can suffer reinforcement corrosion with the result that the reinforcement fails to perform its function over time. The effect of a retarder additive used to eliminate loss of consistency in hot, windy and humid weather on the corrosion of RC elements was investigated in this work. Four different concrete types were assessed, with 0%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% additions of the chemical additive. Along with accelerated corrosion and pressure tests, physical properties such as electrical resistivity, water absorption, porosity, unit weight and capillary water absorption were also determined. The results of this work indicate that the use of up to 2% of the setting retarder did not pose a problem in terms of the physical and mechanical properties of the concrete. However, in terms of the frequently encountered corrosion problem, the use of 1.5% is more appropriate. Many chemical additives are used for different purposes in concrete and it is suggested that, alongside physical and mechanical properties, durability characteristics should also be examined when determining the suitable ratios of these additives.

Traffic flow prediction under multiple adverse weather based on self-attention mechanism and deep learning models

To improve the accuracy of traffic flow prediction under adverse weather, a deep hybrid attention (DHA) model including the traffic and weather blocks is proposed. The traffic block introduces the convolutional neural network (CNN) and the gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network to capture the spatio-temporal rules of the traffic flow data. To consider the impacts of adverse weather on traffic flow, the weather block is introduced. The weather block utilizes the convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) neural network to extract the relationship between the weather and traffic flow data. The self-attention mechanism is embedded in the two blocks. Four cases involving rainy, foggy and windy weather are used to verify the DHA model. The experiments reveal that: the DHA model shows the excellent performance under multiple adverse weather; different adverse weather has various impacts on the rules of traffic volume and speed; the prediction accuracy of each model reduces with the increase of the severe degree of each type of adverse weather.

Chlorophyll Content and Photosynthetic Activity of Phytoplankton in Reservoirs of the Volga River (Russia)

Using the fluorescent method in the modification of Krasnoyarsk State University, we studied the development (as chlorophyll content, ∑CHL) and photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton in seven large flat reservoirs of the Volga River cascade (Russia) in August 2015–2017. In the period of the maximal warming of water, average ∑CHL varied in limits of 19.4–33.7 μg L−1 in the Upper Volga, 8.5–27.8 μg L−1 in the Middle Volga, and 5.2–11.3 μg L−1 in the Lower Volga. The photosynthetic activity coefficient (PhAC) varied mostly in limits of 0.12–0.59, with an average of 0.22–0.38 and only in 2017 decreased to minimal &lt; 0.10 and average &lt; 0.20. The average PhAC values show the normal physiological state of the phytoplankton of the Upper Volga during all periods of observation, with an occasional decrease in PhAC in the Middle Volga and low photosynthetic activity in the Lower Volga. A decrease in the average ∑Chl and PhAC in 2017 was under cyclonic windy weather with a large amount of precipitation, low solar radiation, and large volume of flow. A trend towards a decrease in ∑CHL, like a decrease in PhAC from the Upper Volga to the Lower Volga, is explained by an increase in the flow rate and volume of runoff downstream of the Volga River.

Wind of change: selective summer fish kill in an oxbow lake associated with windy weather

Wind of change: selective summer fish kill in an oxbow lake associated with windy weather

Experimental Study on Wind Noise Distribution Law of Transmission Lines

Aiming at the problem of wind noise generated by transmission lines under windy weather conditions, this paper selects three groups of transmission lines in Shandong Province, China. Through the fixed-point measurement of the wind noise pressure of the conductor at the ground projection point of the side, phase conductor sags as the starting point, and the outward extension of 50 m as the endpoint, the frequency spectrum curve characteristics of the wind noise of the transmission line, the predominant frequency, the cut-off frequency, and the overall A sound level are analyzed. The results show that the transmission line conductor wind noise is mainly concentrated in the range of 500 - 2000 Hz, and its predominant frequency is around 650 Hz, which belongs to low-frequency noise. The wire wind noise attenuates with the increase of the distance from the projection point, and the attenuation is completed at 50m, and the wind noise fixed-point measurement decreases by 8 dB.

Vertical Coupling of Gusts in the Lower Boundary Layer During Super Typhoons and Squall Lines

AbstractIdentifying the coupling relationships between gusts at different altitudes of weather systems over land is essential to recognize the inherent energy transfer patterns of different types of windy weather systems and design civil structures and infrastructures. Using the time‐lagged convergent cross‐mapping (LCCM) and data obtained from the 356‐m‐high Shenzhen Meteorological Gradient Tower, we present an observational study of the gusts and momentum flux of two super typhoons (STs) and two squall lines (SLs). Compared to STs, the gusts in SLs are characterized by high amplitude bursts and first occur near the surface. Bivariate toy models and observational data showed that LCCM reliably identifies coupling relationships in the nonlinear system. Subsequently, we systematically demonstrated that LCCM can identify long‐distance interactions of multilevel gusts in different types of gale weather systems. Finally, the downward transportation of energy in ST was verified from the perspective of wind structure and turbulent vertical flux. The upper‐level STs gusts varied ahead of the lower‐level gusts, whereas the SLs showed the opposite result, which is consistent with the coupling relationship obtained by the LCCM method. The results of the study are expected to enhance the understanding of the characteristics of multilevel energy transfer of TC and SL boundary layers over land, provide useful information for validating numerical weather prediction models of damaging weather systems, and facilitate gale hazard prevention in coastal regions.

Analysis of Sound Fluctuations in Shallow Water in High Sea States

Sound intensity fluctuation plays a significant role in underwater acoustic studies. In this article, an experiment was conducted in the South China Sea using a buoy system that autonomously emitted and received sound signals to obtain data on sound fluctuations under different wind conditions (in windy weather) for about 179 h. Results showed that the fluctuation of the transmission loss in a fixed position reached up to 15–20 dB. Different potential reasons for this transmission loss fluctuation are analyzed. Using the wind speed data provided by the Earth system, the sea surface wave spectrum model, and the bubble layer model, the fluctuation of the transmission loss was simulated based on the modified Ramsurf sound propagation model. The simulation and experimental results were in good agreement with each other. Therefore, the fluctuation of the transmission loss due to wind-generated waves in high sea states should be considered while studying underwater communication, particularly in shallow water with a positive gradient sound velocity profile.

A Velocity Measurement Method Based on Charge Induction.

In this paper, based on the principle of charge induction, a new velocity measurement method is proposed. A moving target generates a low-frequency electric field, which can be induced with an electrode and detection frontend. Velocity measurements are achieved by placing two electrodes at a fixed distance to detect the characteristic times. Firstly, the electric field generated by the moving target is modeled, and the theoretical output of the detection frontend is obtained via a simulation of the target passing by a single electrode. Then, according to the theoretical output, the velocity measurement simulation results of double electrodes are given for various driving conditions, such as a single vehicle driving in a single lane, a single vehicle changing lanes, two vehicles driving close together, and a multiple-vehicle situation. Finally, the above driving conditions are experimentally verified in sunny weather, windy and rainy weather, and a night environment.

The Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Dust Emissions in East Asia (2000–2021)

The climate effect and environmental pollution caused by dust discharged into the atmosphere have attracted much attention. However, the driving factors of dust emissions have not been studied thoroughly. Here, spatiotemporal variations in dust emissions and the relationship between dust emissions and large-scale atmospheric circulation in East Asia from 2000 to 2021 were investigated using Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2, Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Pathfinder Satellite Observations, ERA5 reanalysis data, and climate indices. Results showed that the Taklimakan Desert in the Tarim Basin, the Gurbantonggut Desert in the Junggar Basin, the Turpan Basin, and the Gobi Desert in western Inner Mongolia and southern Mongolia are the main sources of dust emissions in East Asia. The period of strong dust emissions is from March to May, and emissions to the atmosphere were mainly distributed at 0–4 km in the troposphere. In the eastern and southwestern Tarim Basin, northern Junggar Basin, and parts of the Gobi Desert in southern Mongolia, dust emissions have significantly increased over the past 22 years, whereas in the southwestern Tibetan Plateau, southwestern Inner Mongolia, and a small part of the northern Mongolian Gobi Desert there was a significant decreasing trend. The winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO) were significantly negatively correlated with East Asian dust emissions the following spring. The various phases of the AO/NAO coupling have clear different effects on East Asian dust emissions in the spring. When the AO/NAO coupling was negative (positive), the East Asian trough and Siberian High were strengthened (weakened), the frequency of cold air activity increased (weakened), 800 hPa wind speed strengthened (weakened), and East Asian emissions increased (decreased). In AO−/NAO+ years, the Asian polar vortex was stronger to the south and the East Asian trough was stronger to the west. The Lake Baikal trough was in the deepening phase, which caused more polar cold air to move into East Asia, aggravating the intensity of dust activity. In the AO+/NAO− years, the Siberian High and East Asian trough weakened, which was unfavorable to the southward movement of cold air from Siberia. Therefore, the frequency of windy weather in East Asia decreased, partly weakening dust emissions. However, a positive geopotential anomaly in northeast China and a negative geopotential anomaly in South Asia triggered an anomalous enhancement in easterly wind in the tropospheric area over northwest China. Strengthening of the Balkhash trough provides favorable conditions for gale weather in northwest China. The frequency of gale weather increased, and dust emissions were enhanced in northwest China.

Severity Differences and Mechanisms of Algal Blooms Among Sections in Pengxi River of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Since the impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam, 50% of the first-order tributaries in the reservoir area have had frequent algal blooms but with variations regarding the geographical locations of the seriously bloomed sections and the scope of the latter being influenced by the mainstream. This study took the Pengxi River, a first-order tributary of the reservoir area, as an example in order to explore the difference in eutrophication among the river sections and the influence of the Yangtze River on its tributaries. During the spring bloom season of 2019, sampling was carried out in one-week intervals for a total duration of one month. Seven sampling sections (PX1-PX7) were set up from the confluence to upstream. According to the profiles of vertical water temperature and conductivity of each section, the influence scope and form of the backwater of the Yangtze River were inferred; in addition, severity differences and mechanisms of algal blooms among sections were explored through the comparison of the hydrology, water quality, and sediment nutrients among Gaoyang Lake (PX5), which has had serious algal blooms, and the upstream (PX6) and downstream (PX4) sections of PX5, which are both 4 km away from PX5. The results showed that during the sampling month, the average ρ(Chl-a) in the confluence area of the Pengxi River (PX1-PX4) and in the upstream (PX5-PX7) were in the range of 14.55-44.00 μg·L-1 and 42.66-175.40 μg·L-1, respectively. The ρ(Chl-a) of PX5 was up to 413.00 μg·L-1, which was significantly higher than that of other sections (P<0.05). Temperature and conductivity results showed that the backwater from Yangtze River flowed into the Pengxi River from the middle and bottom layers during the period from April to May. The confluence (PX1-PX4) sections were in the intersection area of the backwater from Yangtze River and the upstream of the Pengxi River; thus, the waterbody was unstable, which was not conducive to the formation of algal blooms. However, the upstream (PX5-PX7) sections were not directly affected by the backwater from Yangtze River, leading the nutrient exchange mainly vertically. Most averages of n(TN)/n(TP) and n(DTN)/n(DTP) of PX4-PX6 were all greater than 16, indicating a phosphorus-limited state. During sampling, the average sediment total phosphorus of PX5 was 91% of that in upstream PX6, which was only 4 km away, whereas the surface water total phosphorus of PX5 was 180% of that in PX6. The important reason for this phenomenon is that the water surface width of PX5 was 3.6-4.7 times that of PX6, indicating longer wind fetch in the former section. Owing to the mountainous landscape in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) region where windy weather is rare, the disturbance effect of wind and waves on PX5 was stronger than that of PX6, and the nutrients released from the sediment at the PX5 section caused by wind and waves resupplied the surface water more easily, causing more serious algal blooms at PX5 than those at the remaining sections in the Pengxi River. The main causes of the algal blooms in the tributaries of the TGR area lied in the stability of water stratification and the supply of internal phosphorus. The stability of water stratification was mainly affected by the backwater from Yangtze River, and the supply of internal phosphorus in the algal bloom season was affected by the special water stratification phenomenon of the tributaries of TGR-the "surface density layers." The duration and degree of weather disturbance to the surface density layers can be used to predict the time and scale of algal blooms.

Summary of the impact of aeolian sand environment on key parts of wind turbine

<p indent="0mm">With the global implementation of the double carbon plan, the wind turbine industry has developed rapidly recently. The wind and sand environments significantly impact the operation of wind turbines. Wind farms are typically located in an area with large reserves of wind resources and can coexist harmoniously with the local environment. Although the desert area has substantial wind energy reserves, it is frequently affected by windy and dusty weather. First, this paper summarizes the distribution of deserts and the corresponding usage of wind energy globally; then, it briefly describes the core factors of the dusty weather, namely, sand source, dust movement form, and dust weather characteristics; finally, the research on the influence of wind and sand on the key components of wind turbines in the wind-sand environment is reviewed, and the research prospect is discussed. The purpose is to provide a reference for the technicians engaged in relevant research, hoping to support the collaborative improvement of wind energy usage and the desertification environment.