Wind Turbine Power Plant Research Articles

Decarbonizing airport using solar and wind farm: A case of Biratnagar, Nepal

Airports strive for a greener energy transition to minimize their carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions. The installation of solar or wind turbines is gaining significance among stakeholders working in sustainable airports. This study focuses on developing Biratnagar airport as a completely greener airport by identifying suitable sites for installing Solar and wind farms within the premises without compromising on safety aspects, including glare occurrence and environmental and electrical safety. PVSYST V6.8.7 and HOMER V2.81 software are used to simulate the performance of PV and wind turbine power plants. Three sizes of Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) of EOLO 15 kW, Tree tree-shaped wind Turbine (TSWT) 58.5 kW and TSWT 585 kW have been used for the Simulation. A sensitivity analysis of various parameters, including interest rates, wind speed, and wind turbine types, has been carried out to study the cost of energy generation in grid-connected mode. According to the study, a 157 kWp solar PV power plant is sufficient for Biratnagar Airport to become Nepal's first fully green-powered airport. The project's Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) equals 0.141 $/kWh if wind energy is used to supply part of the electricity with the annual wind electricity production of 23,184 kWh. The combined 15 kW wind turbine-grid scenario is superior to the grid scenario for wind speeds of more than nine m/s and interest rates of less than 10 %. These findings increase airport authorities' and stakeholders' confidence in the investment in greener airports.

Optimal energy management system for grid-connected hybrid power plant and battery integrated into multilevel configuration

A novel optimal energy management system (EMS) using a nonlinear constrained multivariable function to optimize the operation of battery energy storages (BESs) used in a hybrid power plant with wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) power plants is proposed in this work. The hybrid power plant uses a configuration based on a battery-stored impedance-based cascaded multilevel inverter to integrate renewable energy sources (PV power plants and WT) and BESs into the grid. The new optimal EMS seeks for satisfying the demanded power while dispatching power between BESs to optimize their efficiency. A grid-connected configuration is implemented to assess the efficiency of the suggested supervisory control under changes in renewable energy (changes in wind speed and irradiation), and in a varying active and reactive powers’ request. The BES efficiency obtained from the suggested EMS is set side by side to the BES efficiency got from a conventional EMS and a model predictive control (MPC), both working based on the state-of-charge (SOC) of the BES and balancing power EMS. The results from MATLAB simulation and the experimental results with the real-time OPAL-RT simulator (OP4510, OPAL-RT) and dSPACE MicroLabBox show the effectiveness of the suggested approach and the improvement in long-term BES efficiency.

EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LOCATION OF WIND PLANTS AND THE EARTHQUAKE RISK: CASE STUDY TÜRKİYE

The significance of renewable energy resources has become increasingly prominent in light of the global population growth and the inadequacy of existing energy sources. Among these resources, wind energy stands out as a highly efficient option for sustainable power generation worldwide. Türkiye, with its capacity to accommodate both onshore and offshore wind turbines, has emerged as an attractive hub in this field. Given Türkiye's favourable geographical location, wind energy holds great potential in the country. Consequently, there has been a steady rise in the number of wind power plants established for electricity generation in Türkiye, along with an increase in their installed power capacity. However, the regions hosting these wind power plants face dynamic challenges, such as the risk of earthquakes, which can jeopardize their continuous operation. This study focuses on providing a comprehensive analysis of the causes of wind turbine damage, offering statistical insights into this subject. Additionally, the study discusses the various factors influencing the selection of suitable locations for wind turbine power plants, while also exploring relevant international laws and regulations. To initiate the research, an initial step involves creating a map illustrating the existing wind turbine plant locations. The study also presents statistical data regarding the distribution of wind turbine plants in earthquake-prone regions. Subsequently, by considering the earthquake map established in Türkiye's 2018 earthquake regulation, an assessment of earthquake risks is conducted based on the existing wind turbine power plant locations. As a result, new locations characterized by low earthquake risk and high wind efficiency are proposed for future wind power plant projects.

Harnessing solar and wind power for sustainable seawater desalination: A multi-criteria geospatial suitability analysis

Water and energy sustainability are major concerns of the world's nations at present. This research introduces a geographical decision-making model for strategically selecting optimal locations for seawater reverse-osmosis desalination plants (SWRODPs). Furthermore, it assesses the best electrification approach, considering onshore wind turbine (WT) or solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants. A representative case-study of the Egyptian Red Sea Coast Region (ERSCR) is considered to validate the proposed model. The study delineates nineteen assessment criteria for building an informed selection of SWRODPs' potential locations. Seven experts with at least ten years of expertise in desalination and renewable technologies were selected to obtain accurate assessment criteria that imitate the real-life selection process. The group best-worth method (GBWM) was employed to ascertain optimal weights for the geospatial model criteria. The findings indicate that a mere 6.11 % of the total land area is deemed suitable, with the remaining 93.89 % classified as restricted. The suitable area is divided into different suitability classes in which about 65.85 % of the suitable area is found good for establishing the SWRODPs, while about 23.65 % of suitable land is found of moderate suitability. Besides, about 9.21 % and 0.03 % of suitable lands are considered very good and excellent suitability for implementing SWRODPs' projects. Moreover, the analysis pinpointed 8 % of the ERSCR (∼12,810 km2) as a highly suitable area for PV installation, predominantly within Qusir, Ras Sidr, Hurghada, and Ataqa districts. Concurrently, a scant 0.15 % (∼244 km2) is optimal for WT in the Qusir district. Further, the results offer proposals to the authorities and energy investors with about 50,200 km2 and 39,858 km2 of the ERSCR suitable for establishing SWRODPs powered by PV and WT, respectively. Overall, the research findings are anticipated to bolster the UN's sustainable development goals 6 and 7 and align with Egypt's Vision 2030.

Analisis Potensi Energi Angin sebagai PLTB di Pantai Watu Ulo Jember Menggunakan data BMKG

This research aims to analyze the potential of wind energy as a resource for Wind Turbine Power Plants (PLTB) in the coastal area of Watu Ulo Beach, Jember. The research adopts a literature review method, utilizing data provided by the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG). BMKG data serves as the primary source for this analysis, providing a robust foundation to evaluate the potential of PLTB. The study also focuses on the availability of state-of-the-art technology to optimize the utilization of wind energy, assessing its suitability for the region's characteristics. The research findings are expected to provide a comprehensive overview of the PLTB potential in Watu Ulo Beach, Jember, serving as a basis for the development of sustainable energy infrastructure in coastal areas. The conclusions drawn from this literature review are anticipated to serve as a reference for further research and the implementation of sustainable PLTB projects in the region.

Measurement of temperature flow analysis by condition monitoring system for WTG gear box to evaluate the thermal performance associated with plant load factor

This research work is mainly focused on the performance of the wind turbine power plant. The performance of the plant will depends on the working of wind turbine gearbox. Hence the parameters taken like inlet velocity of air, inlet temperatures and inlet pressure of the air entering into the gearbox. For experimentation a three stage gearbox has been considered and the data has been recorded for the period of 5 months. These results has been recorded with the help of SCADA software and the results are imported from SCADA for analyzing the minimum and maximum oil temperatures. Since these parameters effects directly on the thermal performance of the wind turbine power plant. From the analysis it was found that the temperature sensors for monitoring the oil TM1 and TM2 within temperature limits of 250οC and also the TS1 and TS2 Promises the sensing capacity within temperature limits up to 200 οC and response time is 30 minutes, also the coupling temperatures TC1 and TC2 gives very promising results upto 150 οC for 30 minutes response time.

Large-scale green hydrogen production via alkaline water electrolysis using solar and wind energy

The study provided a precise technique for comparing wind and solar solutions for large-scale production of green hydrogen. A one-year experimental dataset depicting the wind speed and solar irradiance with a precision of 1 min. The carbon footprint study was conducted, and indicators were applied and evaluated for the purpose of standardising the performance assessment technique for renewable-based hydrogen production systems, such as the electrolyser capacity fulfilled by wind turbines and solar photovoltaic power plants. On the basis of the considered capacities of 2.5 for wind turbines and solar photovoltaics for cost estimating findings, the obtained optimum electrolyser capacity can match the energy produced by the wind turbine power plant, which is 1.5 MW, which can produce hydrogen at a rate of about 11,963 kg/year at 8.87$/kg, and the obtained optimum electrolyser capacity can match the energy produced by the solar photovoltaics power plant, which is 2.0 MW, which can produce hydrogen at a rate of about 94,432 kg/year at 6.33 $/kg. Further, the polynomial relation between hydrogen production and electrolyser capacity has been destroyed. The method used is easily adaptable for testing large-scale applications such as industrial plants, as well as any hydrogen requirements and environmental conditions.

An open source Modelica implementation of the IEC 61400-27-1 type 4 wind turbine model for power system stability assessment

This paper presents a Modelica open-source implementation of the IEC 61400-27-1:2020 wind turbine and wind power plant models and proposes a modified version in which the high level control remains unchanged while an inner current loop is added together with a more detailed representation of the phase-locked loop. Accordingly, the dynamics of the output filter are also introduced within the generator system, which is now modeled as a current-controlled voltage source instead of a current injector inspired by recent work on grid forming controls. The original wind turbine model has been successfully validated, using both OpenModelica and Dyna ω o, a hybrid Modelica/C++ suite of simulation tools, with respect to Eurostag results considering the 2015 Neplan test case. In addition, satisfying performances of the modified generator and control systems were obtained. Finally, the wind power plant models were integrated into the IEEE 14 bus system by replacing one of the synchronous generators. • A Modelica implementation of IEC 61400-27-1:2020 wind turbine and power plant has been proposed. • A version with a current loop and a more detailed phase-locked loop is proposed. • The dynamics of the output filter are also introduced within the generator system. • The models have been successfully validated, using both OpenModelica and Dyna ω o. • Satisfying performances of the modified generator and control systems were obtained.

Analysis of the potential of renewable energy in fulfilling home electrical loads and charging systems for electric motorcycles in Yogyakarta

The implementation of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) is widely applied. Indonesia is a country located in the tropics, with the potential for renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. The number of potential sources of renewable energy has an impact on the amount of energy that can be produced using PV and WT. Data on potential renewable energy sources is obtained from the NASA Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) database and is used for analysis of electrical energy that can be produced. The PV and WT power plants used in this analysis use a power range of 600 - 1200 Wp for PV and 1 - 3 kW for WT. The electrical energy that has been produced will be stored in energy storage in the form of a battery with a capacity of 1 kWh. The test analysis uses 6 scenarios of the number of PV, WT and batteries using a house load and charging an electric motorcycle.

Fault Ride-Through Techniques for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Wind Turbines (PMSG-WTGs): A Systematic Literature Review

Global warming and rising energy demands have increased renewable energy (RE) usage globally. Wind energy has become the most technologically advanced renewable energy source. Wind turbines (WTs) must ride through faults to ensure power system stability. On the flip side, permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG)-based wind turbine power plants (WTPPs) are susceptible to grid voltage fluctuations and require extra regulations to maintain regular operations. Due to recent changes in grid code standards, it has become vital to explore alternate fault ride-through (FRT) methods to ensure their capabilities. This research will ensure that FRT solutions available via the Web of Science (WoS) database are vetted and compared in hardware retrofitting, internal software control changes, and hybrid techniques. In addition, a bibliometric analysis is provided, which reveals an ever-increasing volume of works dedicated to the topic. After that, a literature study of FRT techniques for PMSG WTs is carried out, demonstrating the evolution of these techniques over time. This paper concludes that additional research is required to enhance FRT capabilities in PMSG wind turbines and that further attention to topics, such as machine learning tools and the combination of FRT and wind power smoothing approaches, should arise in the following years.

Energy and exergy analysis of wind power plant: A case study of Gharo, Pakistan

Sustainable, inexhaustible, economical, and clean energy has become a vital prerequisite to replace fossil fuel sources for power production. In such a context, countries like Pakistan, which are heavily skewed towards fossil fuel-fired plants, are diverting attention to install more and more indigenous renewable energy sources projects such as solar-photovoltaic and wind turbine power plants. In order to harness the maximum energy of wind turbines, it is crucial to factually and precisely assess system performance, which is traditionally inferred by energy analysis (first law analysis). Nevertheless, this analysis only computes the nominal power generation output and ignores the effect of meteorological variables that can lead to some serious errors during the energy planning phase. Consequently, this case study presents both the energy and exergy analysis of a wind farm located in Gharo town of Thatta District along the coastline of the Indus Delta. Energy analysis is carried out to quantify energy efficiency, while exergy analysis computes exergy efficiency by taking into account the effect of pressure, temperature, and wind speed. Comparisons of both efficiencies are provided, and the result substantiates that exergy efficiency turns out to be lower than energy efficiency. However, exergy is a more viable index due to the inclusion of exergy destruction, and in comparison to the energy indicator, it presents the actual performance of a thermodynamic system. The monthly energy and exergy efficiency of the general electric wind turbines are maximum in July having values of 0.5 and 0.41, respectively.

Cooperative Operation Model of Wind Turbine and Carbon Capture Power Plant Considering Benefit Distribution

Increasing systematic carbon sinks and clean energy generation proportion are the main ways to reduce the carbon emission of power system. In order to promote wind power accommodation and reduce system carbon emissions, a cooperative operation model of wind turbine and carbon capture power plant (CCPP) is constructed. Then, the model is equivalently transformed into two sub-problems. One is the operation optimization sub-problem of cooperative alliance with the goal of maximizing the alliance benefit. The other is the benefit distribution sub-problem with the goal of fair distributing cooperative benefit. To protect participants’ privacy, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is used to realize the distributed solution of the two sub-problems. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by an example, and the sensitivity analysis of the alliance benefit and system carbon emission is carried out with carbon price and carbon capture cost as the sensitivity factors. The example results show that: (1) By providing up and down regulation services to wind turbines, CCPP can obtain ancillary service income and help to reduce the declaration deviation of wind turbines, which can realize multi-win-win situation. (2) Carbon price affects both thermal power units and carbon capture equipment. So, compared with carbon costs, the carbon emissions and the alliance benefit are both more sensitive to carbon price. The model of the paper is constructed under the deviation punishment mechanism, and subsequent research can be expanded in combination with a more detailed imbalance settlement mechanism.

Geospatial-assisted multi-criterion analysis of solar and wind power geographical-technical-economic potential assessment

Amid the increasing electricity demand, energy crisis and pollution, the transition to renewable energy (RE) is becoming a preoccupation and major global challenge due to the multidimensional and intricate problem of RE planning. In Egypt, about 90% of gross power generation comes from carbon-intensive power plants (natural gas and coal). Here, we propose a novel geospatial-decision-making model aimed at geographical-technical–economic potential mapping and assessment of solar photovoltaic (PV) and onshore wind turbine (WT) power plants at a high level of resolution (1 km2) in Egypt. We identify the locations suitable for PV and WT development considering sixteen restrictive and contradictory evaluation criteria. These locations have been further analyzed to estimate how much energy generation is available and at what energy cost.The analysis identifies Middle-Upper Egypt and Suez Canal as hosting the majority of highly suitable locations for PV and WT power plants, respectively. Our finding reveals that the proper planning on RE projects at the proposed optimum locations could support the country's energy mix with a sizable 32% share of the projected country’s electricity consumption from PV and 50% share from WT, by 2030. Furthermore, we show that the investment opportunities of PV and WT generation are potentially attractive with affordable competitive prices estimated at 57.84 $/MWh and 32.36 $/MWh, respectively, against conventional generation for today and the future.We anticipate that our results will provide valuable support in realizing Egypt’s vision for sustainable electricity generation and in keeping abreast of the global transformation in power systems being witnessed. Ultimately, the method’s relevance extends beyond the geographical boundaries of the present territory; it features a strategic, clear and reproducible approach that may be applied to a larger area or continent, provided the necessary input data and criteria are introduced.

Impact of optimal sized pump storage unit on microgrid operating cost and bidding in electricity market

The distributed energy sources (DESs) based microgrid (MG) systems are growing worldwide as they integrate these sources reliably and efficiently. As the concept of the electricity market is picking up, these highly intermittent solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) power plants are being connected to the grid in the form of MG which has the option of storage as well. The PV and WT power generations may vary from the forecasted generations, which leads to unreliable bidding offers in the electricity market through the bidding process. Further, leads to revenue loss due to penalties imposed for violating the agreements. They can participate in the electricity markets reliably if the MG has a properly sized storage system, which takes care of the deviations in generation for optimal, efficient, and reliable bidding. In this paper, a mathematical model for an optimal bidding strategy of power producers is proposed for a low voltage grid-connected microgrid (GCMG) system operating in a day-ahead electricity market having a pump storage (PS) unit as risk managing storage device. The uncertainties of PV and WT power plants are modeled through Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) based Monte Carlo simulations (MCS). The system performance has been investigated for three-generation scenarios of the renewable power generations. A penalty has been imposed on utilities for violating the committed power schedule in the day-ahead market based on the forecasted power generation. The optimal size of the storage system will help in avoiding the penalties imposed for deviations from the commitments. The optimum size of the PS unit has been obtained for the optimal bidding and minimizing the operational cost of the system. The results show that an appropriately sized PS unit is the best energy storage system to deal with the uncertainties of the DESs and reduce the operation cost up to 11.33–13.68% depending upon the operational constraints.

A Unique Control Strategy and Power Management in Wind/Solar Renewable Energy Power System to Improve the Power Quality of Grid System

Hybrid energy generation which includes both wind and solar energy has grown exponentially in latest years, and this will continue. Power quality problems such as voltage-swells, voltage-sags, harmonic components, power factor, and inadequate voltage control are caused by intermittent various exposures and the incorporation of wind-turbine and Photo-voltaic power generating systems with the grid. A Static Compensator (STATCOM) is employed to enhance power-quality. The power quality enhancement method for grid-connected wind-turbine and photo voltaic power plants employing STATCOM is introduced in this paper. The framework of the proposed methodology describes in order to improve the transient voltage stability of the large-scale wind / solar hybrid system, the STATCOM reactive power compensation device is connected to the grid. The compensator is offered to further improve output parameters such as voltage THD, current THD and active power.

Signature reliability evaluation of renewable energy system

In this paper, a real-life renewable energy-based system is considered and the reliability function of this system is evaluated with the help of Universal Generating Function technique.The renewable energy-based system is considered from the project in Germany where the wind turbine and hydro power plant are combined. In this project the wind turbines are the world?s tallest wind turbines of about 584 feet and one reservoir have the capacity of 1.6 million gallons of water. The wind turbines are set at the top of the hills and the reservoirs are allowed to be filled with river water. This paper presents a renewable energy-based system where the wind turbine and hydro power plant are combined together to produce electricity in bulk. Universal generating function technique is used to obtain the reliability function of the proposed system. Also tail signature, signature, expected cost rate, expected lifetime, and Barlow-Proschan Index are estimated.

Fault Diagnosis of Gearbox based on ITD-Tunable Q-Factor Wavelet Transform

Gearboxes are an important part of the mechanical drives element that provides the several applications like automotive industry, wind turbine industry and power plant industry, etc. The condition monitoring of the gearbox reduces its operational cost, maintenance cost and avoid hazardous losses. The features selected forthe health status of the gearbox has important parameter to calculate classification accuracy. In the current study the intrinsic time-scale decomposition (ITD) and tunable Q-factor wavelet transform (TQWT) are used to diagnose the faults in the gear. The ITD method decomposed the input signal into the baseline signal with instantaneous parameters of signal and sequence of the proper rotation components (PRCs). The PRC of higher kurtosis value is the input signal for TQWT. The TQWT is a discrete wavelet transform and decomposed the vibration signals of the gearbox into sub-bands. The feature vector is calculated for each sub-band of the TQWT. The proposed approach is analyzed by the classification accuracy of the feature vector. The recommended method is evaluated using experimental data of 2009 PHM Data of gearbox under various health conditions. The SVM and KNN methods are investigated that the improved classification accuracy with ITD-TQWT model are 97.9% and 96.9% respectively.

Requirements for Validation of Dynamic Wind Turbine Models: An International Grid Code Review

Wind power is positioned as one of the fastest-growing energy sources today, while also being a mature technology with a strong capacity for creating employment and guaranteeing environmental sustainability. However, the stochastic nature of wind may affect the integration of power plants into power systems and the availability of generation capacity. In this sense, as in the case of conventional power plants, wind power installations should be able to help maintain power system stability and reliability. To help achieve this objective, a significant number of countries have developed so-called grid interconnection agreements. These are designed to define the technical and behavioral requirements that wind power installations, as well as other power plants, must comply with when seeking connection to the national network. These documents also detail the tasks that should be conducted to certify such installations, so these can be commercially exploited. These certification processes allow countries to assess wind turbine and wind power plant simulation models. These models can then be used to estimate and simulate wind power performance under a variety of scenarios. Within this framework, and with a particular focus on the new Spanish grid code, the present paper addresses the validation process of dynamic wind turbine models followed in three countries—Spain, Germany and South Africa. In these three countries, and as a novel option, it has been proposed that these models form part of the commissioning and certification processes of wind power plants.

Optimization Electricity Supply for Thousand Island Jakarta Province by Using Hybrid Photovoltaic-Wind Turbine-Diesel Generator-Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Power Plant-Battery System

The Thousand Islands as part of the DKI Jakarta Province which has more than 110 islands with an electrification ratio of 100%. The electricity supply for the inhabitant islands in Thousand Islands region is supplied by State Electricity Company (PLN) with the on-grid interconnecting system on the medium voltage marine line I (SKLTM) along 76.79 km. Meanwhile Sebira Island supplies electricity using the Diesel Power Plant (PLTD) provided by the Regional Government (PEMDA). To increase the reliability of the SKLTM line I system in the Thousand Islands, SKLTM line II will be built along 67.7 km in 2018-2021. Based on the description of the development plan, this paper will redesign the electricity supply system with 100% renewable energy power plants in each of the 11 inhabitant islands in the Thousand Islands, namely the hybrid system of Solar Power Generation (PLTS), Wind Turbine Power Plant (PLTB), Diesel Power Plant (PLTD) and Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Power Plant (PLTBn CPO). The average annual solar radiation in the Thousand Islands region is 5.08 kWh/m2/day and the annual average wind speed at an altitude of 50 m is 3.29 m/s. To optimize the hybrid system modeling, the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) Pro 3.11.2 software version is used based on the lowest Net Production Cost (NPC) and Cost of Electricity (CoE) value. The study showed that 7 inhabitant islands are recommended using Hybrid PV-Wind-Diesel such as Sebira Island with percentage 59.3% (PLTS), 38.5% (PLTB) and 2.2% (PLTD) with CoE 0.178 $/kWh and NPC $1,092,096.Other 4 inhabitant islands are recommended using 100 % PLTBn CPO only such as Tidung Island with CoE 0.274 $/kWh and NPC $15,076,130.

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF A RENEWABLE AUTONOMOUS POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM AT A COASTAL AREA IN INDONESIA

The Indonesian government program in providing solutions for electrical energy distribution problems to get to remote or isolated areas is to optimize the potential of renewable energy in an area. The combination of conventional power plants (diesel generators) with renewable energy (photovoltaic and wind turbine) power plants is expected to solve the problem of electricity service in isolated areas in southern Tulungagung regency, namely residential area in Brumbun Beach. The existence of government assistance in the form of solar panels distributed to each family head still can not optimize the utilization of electrical energy for 24 hours in a day, this is because the generation of diesel generators and solar panels are done separately. This research focuses on the design and analysis of a renewable autonomous power supply system which consists of a centralized solar-powered diesel generator (solar panel – a wind turbine – diesel generator) systems using HOMER software. This software is in addition to being used to create designs, is also capable of performing the most optimal system design evaluation by sorting based on overall cost, basic electricity tariff, and carbon dioxide gas emissions. The research from the design of four power plant configurations shows that the use of 10 kW diesel generators, 8 kW solar panels, and 6 kW wind turbines is the best solution, from the combination of the three energy sources shows the net present cost (NPC) value of US $ 44,680, Cost of Energy (COE) of 0.268 kWh / $, CO2 emissions of 1,077 kg/year, and diesel generator use only 54 minutes a day.Keywords: Cost of Energy, Hybrid Power Generation, HOMER, Net Present Cost, Renewable EnergyJEL Classifications: C63, C88, Q42DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9066