Wind Power Energy Research Articles

The effect of pump diameter and penstock pipe on the electric power of a hybrid generator

Ocean Wave Power Plants (WEC) are divided into 6 types, namely (1) Point Absorber, (2) Oscillating Water Column, (3) Pressure Differential Submerger, (4) Oscillating Wave Surge Converter, (5) Attenuator & Terminator, and ( 6) Removable Devices. The AquabuOY type is a type of Point Absorber type wave power generator. This type uses a long pump connected to a Pelton turbine and was developed by Finavera (Aquaenergy) Company of Canada. The AquabuOY system has a weakness in that the turbine rotation depends on the wave period that occurs. The slower the wave period occurs, the weaker the resulting turbine rotation, therefore it needs to be improved by adding a reservoir unit to obtain pressure. stability and puffiness of the unit so that the rotation produced in the turbine is much greater. With this addition, the generator will spin more quickly and stably. In addition, the addition of wind energy installed at the top of the unit means that the generator to be built will produce more energy, is more flexible, can be placed in shallow, medium or deep seas, does not require complicated foundations, is relatively cheap, is not affected by extreme weather. and can be used in all sea conditions just by attaching it to a ballast. This study examines the effect of pump diameter and outlet pipe diameter on the electrical power generated at a hybrid power plant. pump diameter variations of 8 inches, 10 inches, 12 inches and 14 inches. Variation of outlet pipe diameter 1 inch, 2 inch, 3 inch and 4 inch. In this paper, we will present a simulation of the calculation of electrical energy from wave power with variations in pontoon volume, pump diameter, and outlet pipe diameter to obtain the most optimal system size. while wind energy power generation is presented in a different pape. Calculation simulation results to get the most optimal pump diameter and outlet pipe diameter in the hybrid power plant system built.

Negative Ecological Impacts of Wind Power, Hydropower and Geothermal Energy

With the rapid development of the global economy and increasing population, the demand for energy is growing. Clean energy technology has received a lot of attention in recent years, and it has solved the traditional energy sources such as coal and oil to a great extent, but it still has some negative effects on the environment. This paper obtains data on ecosystems from authoritative websites and published papers in various countries. Use these data to show the changes in the ecological environment before and after the development of clean energy. It has been found that wind power could reduce environmental pollution and water consumption. However, it causes visual interference, noise pollution and negative impacts on wildlife. Hydropower stations generally have comprehensive economic benefits such as flood control, navigation, aquaculture, landscaping and tourism. However, large reservoirs cause extensive inundation upstream of the dam and also affect plant-side aquatic ecosystems. The main environmental problems in the development of geothermal energy are the emission of toxic gases, the overuse of water resources, the negative impact of heavy metals on agriculture and the inefficient use of geothermal energy. In order to minimize the environmental problems associated with the development of various energy sources, it is hoped that the government will support the development of scientific and technological innovations through policies that regulate the development of energy sources.

Scour effects on the bearing capacity of monopile-wheel composite foundations under lateral and torsional loads

With the development of offshore wind power energy, the monopile-wheel composite foundation has attracted wide attentions from scholars as an innovative foundation for offshore wind turbines (OWTs). And in offshore engineering, the local scouring usually tends to weaken the bearing capacity by moving surrounding soil till even become a non-negligible reason for some engineering disasters. To explore this effect of local scour qualitatively and quantitatively, the scouring morphology of the monopile-friction wheel composite foundations under unidirectional flow are obtained by means of CFD. Then, a 3D finite element model is developed to estimate the bearing behaviors and deformation characteristics with the consideration of various scouring conditions. Both internal forces and failure envelopes under H-T combined loads are also obtained through numerical analysis. The results reveal that key scouring parameters significantly affect the bearing capacity and envelopes shrinkage of the composite foundation. In particular, the scouring depth has the greatest effect on lateral and torsional bearing behaviors of 15%–32% and 24%–58%, respectively, followed successively by the scouring angle and extent. And the loading point height has a noticeable impact on the lateral resistance of the composite foundation. The findings provide valuable insights into understanding the load bearing behaviors of composite foundations and their practical application in engineering.

Low‐carbon economic optimal operation strategy of rural multi‐microgrids based on asymmetric Nash bargaining

AbstractThe multi‐microgrids operation can greatly improve the proportion of renewable energy integration and power reliability of rural microgrids through energy trading between adjacent microgrids. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimization method for the low‐carbon economic operation of rural microgrids which contain wind power, photovoltaic, biogas, and other common rural renewable energy sources. Using the asymmetric Nash bargaining model which can form the non‐linear energy mapping function to quantify the bargaining power of each microgrid to establish the multi‐microgrids energy trading model, and the non‐convex trading optimization problem is equivalently transformed into two convex optimization subproblems, subproblem 1 is microgrids alliance costs containing the emission costs, and subproblem 2 is cooperative benefits distribution. Then, the accelerated Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) method is used to solve subproblem 1 and subproblem 2, respectively, and the privacy of transaction information is also protected. The results show that: compared with the single‐microgrid operation, the combined operation of rural multi‐microgrids with biogas can greatly improve the renewable energy consumption rate, reduce carbon emission, and improve the profit income of the alliance and each microgrid. Meanwhile, the accelerated ADMM algorithm used can greatly improve the solution speed.

Solving the Green Economic Load Dispatch by Applying the Novel Meta-heuristic Algorithm

This study focuses on solving the green economic load dispatch problem by considering the presence of green energy sources, including wind energy and solar power plants. The main objective function of the whole study is to minimize the total fuel cost (TFC) of all the thermal generating sources (TGSs) in the system. Moreover, the multiple selection of all TGSs is also evaluated. Fire hawk optimization (FHO) and the Zebra optimization algorithm (ZOA) are applied to solve the problem of achieving the best TFC value and satisfying all the constraints involved. The results indicated that ZOA can achieve a better optimal solution compared to FHO. Particularly, the results obtained by ZOA are completely superior to FHO in all comparison criteria at two load demand levels, such as Best TFC value (Best.Cost), Average TFC value (Aver.Cost), and Maximum TFC value (Max.Cost). On top of that, ZOA is the only algorithm of two applied ones providing the fast convergence capability to the optimal value of the main objective functions in two cases of load demand levels. Therefore, ZOA is an efficient search method to deal with such GELD problems.

Primary-Frequency-Regulation Coordination Control of Wind Power Inertia and Energy Storage Based on Compound Fuzzy Logic

Primary-Frequency-Regulation Coordination Control of Wind Power Inertia and Energy Storage Based on Compound Fuzzy Logic

A Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Planning and Design of Self-Sufficient Wind Power Energy Systems at Ports

This study proposes a scientific method to assess the rationality of planning and design of self-sufficient wind power systems (SS-WPSs) at ports. The evaluation method proposed is based on the concept of integrated development of water transportation and a clean energy system, taking into account the demand of the former and the availability of the latter. First, the factors representing the property of the system from the perspectives of economy, environment, energy efficiency, self-sufficiency, and reliability are calculated. The evaluation method is developed by using a combined Analytical Hierarchy Process and Entropy Weight Method (AHP-EWM) to calculate the subjective and objective weights of these factors. Subsequently, a combined weighting method based on game theory is employed with the aim of minimizing deviations between the subjective and objective weights and the combination weights, thereby determining the optimal combination of weights of the evaluation factors. These weights will be used to calculate evaluation results under different planning schemes. To validate the effectiveness of the method, a case study is developed based on a wind power energy demonstration project at a dock of a container port. Study results reveal that Option C, considered in this study, outperforms other options with the highest evaluation score of 0.737. Sensitivity analysis further underscores the reliability of Option C, showing a robust 96.15% probability of achieving the maximum final score within a 20% variation range. This indicates that the case study demonstrates that intuitive and realistic evaluation results can be obtained from the proposed method. These results affirm the practicality of our approach, providing invaluable insights for planners, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in sustainable energy initiatives.

Energy Status in Africa: Challenges, Progress and Sustainable Pathways

Access to modern energy is essential for socioeconomic development, yet Africa faces significant challenges in this regard. For example, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is marked by economic underdevelopment and poverty largely due to the non-environmentally friendly energy used (wood, charcoal) and limited access to modern energy resources. Indeed, this review provides an overview of the African energy landscape; it provides a comprehensive renewables-focused energy pathway for developing a cleaner and more sustainable African energy system. It explores end-use sector electrification in both rural and urban areas in Africa. It emphasizes the rapid expansion of renewable generation, the challenges facing and solutions for the implementation of renewable energy, and the role of emerging technologies. It also presents technological pathways and investment opportunities that will enrich the regional debate and help accelerate the energy transformation across Africa. The analysis demonstrated that the current trends of renewable energy used are hydropower, wind power, biomass, and geothermal energy. The electrification rate in West Africa is less than 58% in urban areas and less than 25% in rural areas. Results show that 65% of the SSA population does not have access to electricity and 81% rely on wood and charcoal. In West Africa, only Ghana (70% or so) and Cape Verde (95.9% or so) have equitable access to electricity between rural and urban areas. The potentiality of solar irradiance in Africa ranges between 3 and 7 KWh/m2/day. The wind speed ranges from 3 m/s to 10 m/s; the wave power can range from 7 to 25 kW/m per site in island regions. Egypt, Morocco, Ethiopia, Tunisia, and South Africa are, respectively, countries leading in wind power technology, and solar energy technology was more advanced in North Africa and South Africa. Finally, geothermal is only developed in Kenya and Tanzania and Kenya is the leader in that field. Although renewable energy in Africa is still growing year to year, it still faces power outages because most renewable energy potentialities are not yet exploited, the technologies used are weak, there is insufficient funding, there is ineffective infrastructure, and there are inadequate or no policies in that field.

Impact analysis of mergers and acquisitions on the performance of China's new energy industries

The development of new energy industries is crucial to a nation's energy transition to carbon neutrality, while photovoltaic, wind power, lithium battery, and new energy vehicles industries have been active in the capital markets. We choose mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activities in such industries in China to investigate how they affect firms' short-run market performance and long-run innovation. Using data gathered from 2012 to 2020, we evaluate the degree of stock price volatility with the Carhart four-factor model combined with event study analysis. Changes in innovation after M&A activity has occurred are evaluated using the PSM-DID model. Empirical analysis shows that M&A could have a positive, short-run impact on stock prices of new energy industries, while the impact of technology M&A on sub-industries is not consistent. The cumulative average abnormal returns (CAAR) of the wind power and photovoltaic industries turn from negative to positive, and the correlative new energy vehicles and lithium battery industries reach the highest returns in a window period with similar trend lines. Furthermore, technology M&A positively affects the innovation performance of new energy firms, and this effect lasts three to four years. In contrast to prior industry-wide and conclusion-inconsistent M&A studies, we concentrate on new energy industries and prove the definite positive effect of technology M&A for the firms.

Influence of seasonal air density fluctuations on wind speed distribution in complex terrains in the context of energy yield

Given the variable nature of wind speed and the importance of accurately determining the energy that can be generated at a given site, understanding the wind speed at different time scales is crucial. In addition to differences within a very short period (i.e., hourly and daily), these changes are also pronounced throughout the seasons. They are affected by the atmospheric conditions and the terrain's complexity. Therefore, this study investigates the seasonal wind speed variability and its impact on the potential energy generation in a representative study case of Koznica, the mountainous region in Kosovo. The wind speed measurements campaign started in May 2019 and ended in April 2020; the measurements were made at a 10 min time scale. Ground measurements show that the wind direction is mainly northwest and southeast. Then, the wind speed and potential energy generation variability analysis were conducted for three different measurement heights. The results show that winter and spring have the highest potential wind energy capacity with an average speed of 6.7 m/s. In comparison, the average wind speed is 6.12 m/s. Potential energy generation for each season (i.e., spring, summer, autumn, and winter is as follows: 64,396.7, 22,040.3, 42,539.3, and 46,417.2 MWh/year, respectively, while the average capacity factor is 25%. Solution-oriented findings from this study might provide valuable insights to policymakers and investors regarding wind power energy exploration in Kosovo and other places with similar geo-climatic conditions.

Design of an Innovative Point Array Offshore Floating Wind Turbine System and Analysis of Hydrodynamic Coupling Response Law

The new lattice floating wind turbine integrated system (also known as dot matrix floating wind turbine, and hereinafter referred to as DMF) is proposed as a new concept. More far reaching, it has obvious advantages over the traditional floating wind turbine scheme in terms of structural cost and motion stability, which provides a new idea for the development of offshore wind power energy. First, the structural parameters and mechanical model of DMF are analyzed to determine the feasibility and superiority of the overall scheme of the new lattice foundation. It is concluded that the stability of DMF in pitching motion is 70% higher than that of the traditional OC4 system. In order to further verify the feasibility of the DMF system and the accuracy of the theoretical model, based on the similarity theory, the research carried out the small‐scale prototype processing of DMF and the simulation experiment of wind wave flume. The test results are in good agreement with the simulation data. This study provides a reference and theoretical basis for the research and development of offshore multi wind turbine combined equipment and hydrodynamic stability optimization. It has certain theoretical guiding significance and economic development value.

Optimal Dispatch of Concentrating Solar Thermal Power (CSP)-Wind Combined Power Generation System

The random nature of renewable energy leads to the instability of the balance state of the power grid, and the frequency and voltage of the grid also fluctuate. Considering that wind energy and solar thermal power generation can complement each other in terms of temporal output power, the heat storage system of the solar thermal power station is used to regulate the joint operation of the solar thermal power station and wind power generation, and an optimal scheduling method for promoting new energy consumption of solar thermal power station is proposed. Based on the solar thermal-wind combined power generation system, the method considers the operating characteristics and constraints of each unit and uses the MATLAB optimization toolbox to simulate and verify the IEEE-14 node system. The results show that the participation of wind power grid-connected time thermal power stations can alleviate the pressure of rapid output adjustment of traditional units and can ensure the economy of the system, and the operating cost is reduced by 51.5%. The curtailment air volume was reduced from the original 2.5015 MW to 0.83015 MW, maximizing new energy consumption.

Power investment and transmission network expansion in China and its neighbouring countries towards carbon neutrality

Transnational power cooperation contributes to promoting the large-scale use of renewable energies in Asia, but how to develop the structure of power transmission network deserves careful investigation. This paper thoroughly investigates the structure of power investment and transmission network in China and neighbouring countries, aiming to promote the large-scale use of renewable energies around Asia. Various power-generation and power-transmission technologies are considered in detail, and transnational power interconnection risk cost and carbon emission cost are embedded into a bottom-up optimization model. The future power-generation structures and networks installed under various policy scenarios are analysed in detail, and the corresponding economic, carbon emission reduction and renewable energy consumption benefits are evaluated. The results show that power transmission between China's internal regions and neighbouring countries can save $56.7 billion for the entire power system through the large-scale grid integration of renewable energy. The installed capacities of wind power, solar power, and hydropower renewable energy power generation could be increased by 141 GW, 163 GW, and 58 GW, respectively. The construction of transnational transmission lines from Central Asia to Northwest China, Mongolia to North China, the Russian Far East to Northeast China, and Northeast China to South Korea could effectively promote the utilization of renewable energy in the Russian Far East, Mongolia and Central Asia and further reduce carbon emissions in China, Japan and South Korea.

Numerical and experimental investigation of geometric parameters influence on power generation of INVELOX wind turbine

Wind energy is a key contributor to current transitional trends toward green energy resources. Wind turbines, therefore, act as the main of the wind energy power generation hierarchy, which converts the kinetic energy of wind into electric power. However, low wind velocity is a limiting factor that significantly diminishes the power generation capacity of wind turbines. Alternatively, ducted wind turbines provide a sustainable solution for application in areas with low wind velocity. In the present work, a numerical investigation has been performed to investigate the variation in the power generation capacity of INVELOX with varying geometric parameters. Initially, a numerical investigation of the original INVELOX model was performed to validate the numerical framework and establish the obtained results as a reference. Afterwards, the shape of the funnel, fins/supporting structure, and venturi parameters were varied to analyze their influence on the maximum velocity achieved at the throat. Subsequently, a novel semi-dome concept is added to the model based on numerical results. The results showed that the maximum velocity ratio has been improved from 2.125 to 3.13. Furthermore, power generation capacity was also increased by 3.2 times compared with the original INVELOX design by applying optimized geometric parameters and the semi-dome concept.

Impact of Carbon Capture (Storage) and Carbon Tax on Economic Dispatch of an Integrated Energy System

Finding the balance between economy and low emission of an integrated energy system (IES) has become one of the current research hotspots. This article introduces the carbon tax and carbon capture (storage) technology within the framework of the IES model. The IES comprises of components such as combined heat and power units equipped with carbon capture facilities, wind power generators, photovoltaic panels, and energy storage systems. The objective function of the model is the minimization of operational costs. Low-carbon economic operation dispatching problem under the constraints of energy conversion, energy balance, and operation cost is studied based on a mix-integer linear programming model. Through sensitivity analysis, this study explores the impact of varying carbon tax levels on the operational costs and emissions of an IES while considering peak and valley price differences. The emission reduction potential of the IES under different policy and technology scenarios is also estimated.

Forecast of clean energy generation in China based on new information priority nonlinear grey Bernoulli model.

The forecast of clean energy power generation is of major prominence to energy structure adjustment and the realization of sustainable economic development in China. In order to scientifically predict clean energy power generation data, a structure-adaptive nonlinear grey Bernoulli model submitted to the new information priority criterion (abbreviated as IANGBM) is established. Firstly, an improved conformable fractional accumulation operator that conforms to the priority of new information is proposed, which can effectively extract the information from small samples. Then, IANGBM is derived from the Bernoulli differential equation, and the perturbation bound theory proves that this model is suitable for the analysis of small sample data. In addition, the grey wolf optimization algorithm is utilized to optimize the model parameters to make the model more adaptable and generalized. To verify the superiority of the model, two cases consisting of wind and nuclear power generation prediction are implemented by comparing eight benchmark models involving IANGBM, GM, FGM, FANGBM, LR, SVM, BPNN, and LSTM. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves higher prediction accuracy compared to the other seven competing models. Finally, the future nuclear and wind power generation from 2023 to 2030 are predicted by adopting the IANGBM(1,1) model. For the next 8 years, nuclear power generation will maintain stable development, while wind energy power generation will grow rapidly.

Analysis of energy control system in wind farm

This article first introduces the structure and principle of two mainstream wind turbine models, analyses the different power generation principles and energy transfer structures of these two different wind turbines, and briefly introduces the network topology structure of wind power stations, as well as the direction of command data from the control end to the controlled end. Then, it introduces and analyses several widely used maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control algorithms and frequency control methods, summarizes and predicts these algorithms for single wind turbines, and lays the foundation for future research. Large-scale wind power and other new energy grid connection is one of the most effective solutions to address the world energy crisis. With continuous development of technology, more and more power electronic control components are being closely integrated with traditional power systems, and we are facing problems different from those in the past. We must change our thinking and work hard to address these issues.

Optimized energy management for photovoltaic/wind hybrid micro-grid using energy storage solution

ABSTRACT One of the key strategies for reducing the rate of environmental pollution is decarbonizing the power industry. In this work, we investigate the effects of energy storage systems (ESS) and fluctuations in renewable energy on climate change mitigation in a grid-connected microgrid. This analysis has been carried out by utilizing an improved energy management system (EMS) and optimal economic dispatch using computational models of mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). In addition to battery deterioration analysis, long short-term memory (LSTM) is developed to estimate photovoltaic and wind power renewable production, energy price, and load requirement. A sensitivity assessment is also performed to evaluate the influence of different input constraints on the model. The output results demonstrated that the EMS could schedule power effectively while considering electricity pricing. By up to 1636.96 $/hr. in day-ahead revenue with the degradation effect and 1811.96 $/hr. without the degradation effect, the analysis confirmed the usefulness of the proposed framework. Through the case studies explained, the new objective function observed minimum power costs with battery degradation by up to 1.10% less as compared to without battery degradation effect. Furthermore, the second case analysis indicates the significance of considering forecasted electrical parameters for realistic microgrid power dispatch.

Research on Two-Stage Regulation Method for Source–Load Flexibility Transformation in Power Systems

Under the premise of continuously increasing the grid-connected capacity of new energy, the fluctuation and anti-peak shaving characteristics of wind power have always constrained the development of green power systems. Considering the characteristics of power system flexibility resources, this paper introduces a two-stage regulation approach for power systems with enhanced source–load flexibility. In the day-ahead stage, an advanced peak regulation transformation is employed, leveraging the combined heat storage device of conventional thermal power units to enhance their peak regulation capability. Additionally, the Energy Intensive Load (EIL) is integrated into the regulation system. A two-level coordinated optimization model is developed, incorporating wind power integration and dispatching power allocation, with the aim of optimizing wind power integration and achieving the optimal allocation of dispatching power. In the intra-day stage, the connection of wind plants and energy storage devices is utilized to minimize the wind power fluctuations and improve the control ability over wind power variations. Compared with traditional methods, the wind power consumption in Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 increases by 2741.1 MW/h and 2478.5 MW/h respectively. Furthermore, the inclusion of an energy storage device in the intra-day stage significantly reduces the wind power fluctuations, maintaining a stable fluctuation rate within ±1%. Therefore, this method can effectively improve the level of wind power consumption and reduce the impact of real-time fluctuations on the power system.

Green hydrogen production and liquefaction using offshore wind power, liquid air, and LNG cold energy

Coastal regions have abundant off-shore wind energy resources, and surrounding areas have large-scale liquefied natural gas (LNG) receiving stations. From the engineering perspectives, there are limitations in unstable off-shore wind energy and fluctuating LNG loads. This article offers a new energy scheme to combine these 2 energy units, which uses surplus wind energy to produce hydrogen, and use LNG cold energy to liquefy and store hydrogen. In addition, in order to improve the efficiency of utilizing LNG cold energy, and reduce electricity consumption for liquid hydrogen (LH2) production at coastal regions, this article introduces the liquid air energy storage (LAES) technology as the intermediate stage, which can stably store the cold energy from LNG gasification. A new scheme for LNG-LAES-LH2 hybrid LH2 production is built. The case study is based on a real LNG receiving station at Hainan province, China, and this article presents the design of hydrogen production/liquefaction process, and carries out the optimizations at key nodes, and proves the feasibility using specific energy consumption and exergy analysis. In a 100 MW system, the liquid air storage round-trip efficiency is 71.0% and the specific energy consumption is 0.189 kWh/kg, and the liquid hydrogen specific energy consumption is 7.87 kWh/kg and the exergy efficiency is 46.44%. Meanwhile, the corresponding techno-economic model is built, and for a LNG-LAES-LH2 system with LH2 daily production 140.4 tons, the shortest dynamic payback period is 9.56 years. Overall, this novel hybrid energy scheme can produce green hydrogen using a more efficient and economical method, and also can make full use of surplus off-shore wind energy and coastal LNG cold energy.