Wind Power Electricity Research Articles

A combined modeling approach for wind power feed-in and electricity spot prices

Abstract Wind power generation and its impacts on electricity prices has strongly increased in the EU. Therefore, appropriate mark-to-market evaluation of new investments in wind power and energy storage plants should consider the fluctuant generation of wind power and uncertain electricity prices, which are affected by wind power feed-in (WPF). To gain the input data for WPF and electricity prices, simulation models, such as econometric models, can serve as a data basis. This paper describes a combined modeling approach for the simulation of WPF series and electricity prices considering the impacts of WPF on prices based on an autoregressive approach. Thereby WPF series are firstly simulated for each hour of the year and integrated in the electricity price model to generate an hourly resolved price series for a year. The model results demonstrate that the WPF model delivers satisfying WPF series and that the extended electricity price model considering WPF leads to a significant improvement of the electricity price simulation compared to a model version without WPF effects. As the simulated series of WPF and electricity prices also contain the correlation between both series, market evaluation of wind power technologies can be accurately done based on these series.

From LCAs to Simplified Models: A Generic Methodology Applied to Wind Power Electricity

This study presents a generic methodology to produce simplified models able to provide a comprehensive life cycle impact assessment of energy pathways. The methodology relies on the application of global sensitivity analysis to identify key parameters explaining the impact variability of systems over their life cycle. Simplified models are built upon the identification of such key parameters. The methodology is applied to one energy pathway: onshore wind turbines of medium size considering a large sample of possible configurations representative of European conditions. Among several technological, geographical, and methodological parameters, we identified the turbine load factor and the wind turbine lifetime as the most influent parameters. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) performances have been plotted as a function of these key parameters identified. Using these curves, GHG performances of a specific wind turbine can be estimated, thus avoiding the undertaking of an extensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This methodology should be useful for decisions makers, providing them a robust but simple support tool for assessing the environmental performance of energy systems.

Commanding Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) to Decouple Active and Reactive Power for wind energy

Different electric wind power conversion systems structures can be used based on the converters topologies. A Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) differs from a conventional power system. The power output of a conventional power plant can be controlled whereas the power output of a WECS depends on the wind. This nature of WECS makes it difficult for analysis, design and management. Various approaches have been developed to study the behavior of WECS. In this paper, the steady state characteristics of a WECS using doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is analysed using MATLAB. The dynamic steady-state simulation model of the DFIG is developed using MATLAB. Simulation analysis is performed to investigate a variety of DFIG characteristics, including torque- speed, real and reactive-power over speed characteristics. Based on the analysis, the DFIG operating characteristics are studied.

An Intelligent Dynamic Security Assessment Framework for Power Systems With Wind Power

The increasing penetration of wind power can alter the dynamic security characteristic of a power system. To accommodate rapid and volatile wind power variations, dynamic security assessment (DSA) against foreseeable disturbances is required to be carried out online and provide security monitoring results within sufficiently small time frame. Based on soft computing (SC) technologies, this paper develops an intelligent framework for real-time DSA of power systems with large penetration of wind power. It consists of a DSA engine whose role is to perform real-time DSA of the power system, a wind power and load demand (W&LF) forecasting engine for offline and online predicting wind power generation and electricity load demand, a database generation (DBG) engine for generating instances to train the DSA engine, and a model updating (MU) engine for online updating the DSA engine. Case studies are conducted on two benchmark systems where high DSA efficiency and accuracy are obtained. This framework can be an ideal candidate for advanced security monitoring in the future SmartGrid control centres.

Meteorological Data Acquisition System Based on Wind Power Prediction Methods and Research

Wind energy as a clean and can continue to use the new energy is widely used in central and western regions of China. Wind power has a strong volatility, when the large capacity of wind power connected to the grid, this volatility has many negative effects on the safe and stable operation of the grid. Therefore, the wind power prediction system has become the most wind farm necessary security early warning systems. There is an important part of the system that is called the wind power meteorological data acquisition system and its function is to provide for the system the original meteorological data, meteorological data will become an important basis for the prediction function. This article will describe the developed by the Changchun Meteorological Instrument Research Institute, "AMS-II-E wind electric power meteorological data acquisition system", the composition and the core processing algorithms. The system has been equipped with 15 wind power plants in four provinces in China (Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning, Jiangsu).

Wind Energy: Past, Present and Future

The wind energy is a strong candidate for supplying the escalating world energy requirements. The wind energy enjoys: environmental compatibility, economical feasibility and sustainability. Although the commercial production of electricity from wind is commenced worldwide; however, the capability of Arabic nations to cope with the global move into replacing fossil fuels with the renewable energy sources is still under investigation. Therefore, this paper addresses the technical/ economical challenges of utilizing wind energy in Arabic world. Two study cases for Egypt and Yemen are considered for thoroughly investigation. These countries represent the major of the Arabic world in terms of shortage of fossil fuels and the increased demand on energy. The paper also presents a brief introduction into wind-based electricity. The main elements of wind-electrical power generation system are highlighted. A number of suggestions are proposed for increasing the share of wind energy in energy balance in Arabic world and in the countries under investigation.

Wind Power Electricity: The Bigger the Turbine, The Greener the Electricity?

Wind energy is a fast-growing and promising renewable energy source. The investment costs of wind turbines have decreased over the years, making wind energy economically competitive to conventionally produced electricity. Size scaling in the form of a power law, experience curves and progress rates are used to estimate the cost development of ever-larger turbines. In life cycle assessment, scaling and progress rates are seldom applied to estimate the environmental impacts of wind energy. This study quantifies whether the trend toward larger turbines affects the environmental profile of the generated electricity. Previously published life cycle inventories were combined with an engineering-based scaling approach as well as European wind power statistics. The results showed that the larger the turbine is, the greener the electricity becomes. This effect was caused by pure size effects of the turbine (micro level) as well as learning and experience with the technology over time (macro level). The environmental progress rate was 86%, indicating that for every cumulative production doubling, the global warming potential per kWh was reduced by 14%. The parameters, hub height and rotor diameter were identified as Environmental Key Performance Indicators that can be used to estimate the environmental impacts for a generic turbine.

Possibilistic programming approach for mid-term electric power planning in deregulated markets

The mid-term electric power planning problem under uncertainty for a generation company (GenCo) in a deregulated market having some thermal, hydro and wind power plants is addressed. We propose a novel possibilistic price-based mixed integer linear programming approach to solve the considered problem. Because the uncertainties especially those are related to market could not usually be based upon probabilities, the possibilistic distribution functions are used to simulate some key imprecise/ambiguous parameters: GenCo’s electricity market share; electricity, fuel and emission market prices; possible wind electric power; availability of generating units; available water reservoir for hydro units. To solve the proposed model, we develop an interactive possibilistic solution method based upon two recent solution approaches. Finally, we use a real-world case study to show the ability and appropriateness of our model and report computational results. Notably, the proposed approach can be easily applied for a regulated environment.

Wind-Electric Power Potential Assessment for Three Locations in East Java-Indonesia

This paper reports our effort to asses wind energy potentials for three locations in East Java. We used wind speed data over a period of almost 3 years, i.e. in period of June 2006 – August 2008. Data were taken from direct measurement in locations in East Java Province, i.e. Sampang (Madura), Juanda (Surabaya), and Sawahan (Nganjuk). The short-term of wind speed mean in monthly signifies to wind-speed value ”which parallels to the wind turbine power curve value” were used to estimate the annual energy output for a 1 MW installed capacity wind farm on the each site 100 of 10kW rated wind turbines were used in the analysis. The short term of wind speed mean at Surabaya and Nganjuk were 2.34, 3.03 and 1.97 m/s at 2 m Above Ground Level (AGL), respectively. In both locations, wind speeds were observed during the day time between 04.00 and 18.00 and relatively smaller ones between 19.00 and 03.00 period. Meanwhile, in Sampang (Madura) the higher wind speeds were observed between 20.00 and 06.00, and relatively smaller between 07.00 and 19.00 period. The 1 MW windfarm at Sampang, Surabaya and Nganjuk can produce 1.284; 1.199 and 1.008 MWh of electricity yearly, taking into consideration of the temperature adjustment coefficien of about 6 %. The plant capacity factor at Sampang, Surabaya and Nganjuk were found to be 30.02 %, 30.00 % and 30.01 % respectively. Additionally, it is noticed that these site can contribute to the avoidance of 0.904; 0.846 and 0.709 tons/year of CO2 equivalent Green House Gases (GHG) from entering into the local atmosphere, thus creating a clean and healthy athmosphere for local inhabitants.

최소자승몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 이용한 풍력발전설비 투자계획

The economic value of a wind farm project is influenced by various risk factors such as wind power output and electricity market price. In particular, there is uncertainty in the economic evaluation of a wind farm project due to uncertain wind power outputs, which are fluctuated by weather factors such as wind speed, and volatile electricity market prices. This paper presents a systematic method to assess the economic value and payback period of a wind farm project using Least Square Monte-Carlo (LSMC) simulation. Numerical example is presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed economic assessment method for a wind farm project.

Integrating Laboratory Activity Into a Junior High School Classroom

This paper presents a wind power system laboratory activity and an outline for evaluating student performance in this activity. The work described here was to design and implement the laboratory to assist teachers in achieving the teaching objective of this activity. The laboratory teaching activities introduce energy sources, wind energy technology, electricity storage, and wind power system testing. The wind power system testing activity includes eight topics: setting up the experimental module, operating instruments, wind velocity measurement, rotor diameter activity, wind speed activity, blade angle activity, blade number activity, and data summary. These laboratory activities were first introduced in a Taiwanese junior high school in 2007. This laboratory activity effectively introduced students to wind energy technology through activity participation. The objective of this activity is for the students to gain not only an understanding of the concept of wind power electricity generation, but a greater confidence in investigating, questioning, and experimenting with renewable energy ideas. The students are able to relate the experiments to electronic and computer engineering.

Constructing transmitting interface of running parameters of small-scaled wind-power electricity generator with WSN modules

The main purpose of this paper was to explore strategies of how to design the interface with brand-new techniques for collecting running parameters of small-scaled wind-power electricity generators as well as its monitoring and controlling Graphic Interface System software. Affected by shortage of oil energy, the whole world was positively developing renewable energy such as solar, wind-power, biologic, tide etc. For Taiwan, the renewable energy policy was actively pushed by government and civic organizations, and how to encourage industrial manufacturers to invest the related technologies of renewable energy; furthermore, to research and develop advanced techniques in this field so that those techniques could create another prosperous business for Taiwan after 3C business. In this study, WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) and its related modules such as ZigBee and Bluetooth would be combined together to construct transmitting interface of running parameters of small-scaled wind-power electricity generator. The study content included building ZigBee wireless network, communication interfaces of ZigBee and Bluetooth with microprocessor, coding and decoding techniques of ZigBee and Bluetooth, and software programming of graphic interface system (GIS). This study was sponsored by Taiwan Education Ministry under Teaching Superiority Project, and the system implemented in real wind-power electricity generator system and the research outcomes has been proved to be very successful and stable.

Integration of electric drive vehicles in the Danish electricity network with high wind power penetration

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study carried out to examine the feasibility of integrating electric drive vehicles (EDVs) in the Danish electricity network which is characterised by high wind power penetration. One of the main aims of this study was to examine the effect of EDVs on the Danish electricity network, wind power penetration and electricity market. In particular the study examined the effect of EDVs on the generation capacity constraints, load curve, cross border transmission capacity and the type of generating sources (renewable/conventional) which are likely to fuel these cars. The study was carried out considering the Danish electricity network state around 2025, when the EDV penetration levels would be significant enough to have an impact on the power system. Some of the interesting findings of this study are—EDVs have the potential to assist in integrating more wind power (by adding more market value to wind power and by improving over all power system reliability) and integration of EDV does not require major additional infrastructure (generation/transmission cross border capacities). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Comparison of wind power estimates from the ECMWF reanalyses with direct turbine measurements

Reanalysis data are rarely used for wind power estimates because of the limited spatial and temporal resolution. Here we report on a detailed comparison of wind speed and electric power time series recorded at a continental location in Hungary and estimates provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-40 and Interim databases at nearby grid points. The results show that the temporal behavior is adequately represented in reanalysis records with damped magnitudes, as expected. However, characteristic shape differences in the wind speed histograms for turbine measurements and reanalysis hinder a perfect match of statistics. A satisfying agreement of histograms for measured and modeled output powers is achieved by scaling up surface wind speeds to have the same long time average value as for the turbine records. The presented calibration permits us to provide wind power estimates for large geographic areas, where the wind field is similarly coherent as around the test site.

Ecological and economic cost-benefit analysis of offshore wind energy

Wind energy has experienced dramatic growth over the past decade. A small fraction of this growth has occurred offshore, but as the best wind resources become developed onshore, there is increasing interest in the development of offshore winds. Like any form of power production, offshore wind energy has both positive and negative impacts. The potential negative impacts have stimulated a great deal of opposition to the first offshore wind power proposals in the U.S. and have delayed the development of the first offshore wind farm in the U.S. Here we discuss the costs and benefits of offshore wind relative to onshore wind power and conventional electricity production. We review cost estimates for offshore wind power and compare these to estimates for onshore wind and conventional power. We develop empirical cost functions for offshore wind based on publicly reported projects from 2000 to 2008, and describe the limitations of the analysis. We use this analysis to inform a discussion of the tradeoffs between conventional, onshore and offshore wind energy usage.

Air Emissions Due To Wind And Solar Power

Renewables portfolio standards (RPS) encourage large-scale deployment of wind and solar electric power. Their power output varies rapidly, even when several sites are added together. In many locations, natural gas generators are the lowest cost resource available to compensate for this variability, and must ramp up and down quickly to keep the grid stable, affecting their emissions of NOx and CO2. We model a wind or solar photovoltaic plus gas system using measured 1-min time-resolved emissions and heat rate data from two types of natural gas generators, and power data from four wind plants and one solar plant. Over a wide range of renewable penetration, we find CO2 emissions achieve approximately 80% of the emissions reductions expected if the power fluctuations caused no additional emissions. Using steam injection, gas generators achieve only 30-50% of expected NOx emissions reductions, and with dry control NOx emissions increase substantially. We quantify the interaction between state RPSs and NOx constraints, finding that states with substantial RPSs could see significant upward pressure on NOx permit prices, if the gas turbines we modeled are representative of the plants used to mitigate wind and solar power variability.

The industrial life cycle of wind energy electrical power generation: ARI methodology modeling of life cycle dynamics

This innovation assessment addresses the factors that have influenced the exceptionally lengthy industrial technology life cycle of wind electrical power generation since its inception in the late 19th Century. It then applies the recently developed Accelerated Radical Innovation (ARI) Model to understand the dynamics of this innovation compared to those of other major 18th–20th Century innovations. Despite market pull in the late 19th Century to link small DC electrical generators with hundreds of thousands of existing wind mills used for mechanical water pumping, several factors prevented this from happening. These include the intermittent nature of wind electrical generation requiring low cost battery storage and DC–AC conversion, and the shift in the 1890s from DC to superior AC electrical generation making possible economies of scale for delivering AC electricity long distances over the grid from large hydroelectric and coal fired plants. As a consequence, wind generated electricity remained primarily a technological development until the first energy crisis in the 1970s. Development of an extensive science and technology base for wind turbine dynamics, and deployment since 2000 of commercial scale wind turbines (> 1MW) have elevated wind electrical power generation to commercial practicality, as described in two earlier papers by the authors applying technical cost modeling and experience curve projections of cost of energy (COE) to explore the economic viability of large scale wind electricity generation.. Strongly promoted by wind energy communities of practice in Europe, North America and Asia, normative COE projections suggest that by 2020 wind electrical power will be cost competitive, without tax incentives, with electricity from conventional fossil and nuclear fuel sources. Overcoming technological, business, market, societal, networking and political hurdles to date has required 120years of development to establish wind electricity generation as a breakthrough innovation with the capability to capture 20% of the world electricity market by the mid-to-late 21st Century. Further growth and maturation is expected to continue to 2100, corresponding to a projected ≅ 210year overall industry life cycle at market saturation. This finding has profound implications for innovation theory and practice, since the length of this life cycle exceeds by a factor of ≅ 4 the average life cycle diagnosed for five industrial revolutions and four key 20th Century innovations. The new ARI model provides a holistic approach to understanding the dynamics of the industrial technology life cycle for a wide variety of radical innovations as well as wind electrical power.

US number 1 in wind power electricity production

US number 1 in wind power electricity production

Optimal Hedging of Prediction Errors Using Prediction Errors

Wind power energy has been paid much attention recently for various reasons, and the production of electricity with wind energy has been increasing rapidly for a few decades. One of the most difficult issues for using wind power in practice is that the power output largely depends on the wind condition, and as a result, the future output may be volatile or uncertain. Therefore, the prediction of power output in the future is considered important and is key to electric power generating industries making the wind power electricity market work properly. However, the use of predictions may cause other problems due to “prediction errors.” In this work, we will propose a new type of weather derivatives based on the prediction errors for wind speeds, and estimate their hedge effect on wind power energy businesses. At first, we will investigate the correlation of prediction errors between the power output and the wind speed in a Japanese wind farm, which is a collection of wind turbines that generate electricity in the same location. Then we will develop a methodology that will optimally construct a wind derivative based on the prediction errors using nonparametric regressions. A simultaneous optimization technique of the loss and payoff functions for wind derivatives is demonstrated based on the empirical data.

Wind Energy Electrical Power Generation Industry Life Cycle - Impact of Modern Materials Systems on Economic Viability

This study addresses past, current and future development of the wind electrical power industry, that began prior to 1890 in Cleveland, Ohio and Askov, Denmark. Overcoming technological, business, societal and political hurdles required approximately 120 years of exploration to establish wind electricity generation as a radical innovation entering the acceleration stage of the industrial technology life cycle. Materials and integrated materials systems featuring mechanical, structural, fluid dynamic, electrical, electronic, and telecommunications functionality developed and introduced over that period have contributed uniquely to current commercial viability of wind turbine electrical power generation. Further growth and maturation is expected to continue to ≈ 2100, corresponding to a life cycle of ≅ 210 years. This finding has profound implications for radical innovation theory and practice, since historical analysis attributes a 50-60 year life cycle for 5 industrial revolutions, and emerging theory anticipates acceleration of radical innovation, as discussed in companion papers in this conference. Rapid growth in installed capacity of large scale wind turbines (>1MW) now positions wind electrical power generation in the Acceleration Stage, characterized by market competition between dominant wind turbine designs and societal acceptance by wind energy communities of practice in Europe, North America and Asia. Technical cost model based learning curve projections of Cost of Electricity (COE) suggest that by 2020 COE from wind will be competitive, without tax incentives, with electricity from conventional fossil and nuclear fuel sources. Capture by wind energy of up to 20% of the world electricity market appears likely by the end of the 21st Century.