Wind Movement Research Articles

A Novel Methodology for Detecting and Quantifying Transformer Winding Deformation Using Frequency Response Analysis

A transformer has windings and its structural integrity depends on several factors such as system short circuits,mechanical shocks during transporting,reduction of pressure of winding clamping etc.A transformer can experience severe electromagnetic forces on its winding structure during short circuits. These electromagnetic stresses can lead to winding deformation in both the radial and axial directions.Obviously it will lead to transformer failure. Historicallythe winding deformation and movement in transformer winding is detected by the measurement of leakage inductance. However immediate radial deformation results in a significant change in the leakage inductance. But axial deformation has less change in leakage inductance. Thus leakage inductance measurement method has less sensitivity.Another method was introduce in 1978 based on the frequency response analysis(FRA). In FRA testing method a signal is injected in to one terminal at the same time the response at the other terminal is measured. The commonly used methods for signal injection are swept frequency method(SFRA) and Impulse method(IFRA). This topic proposes a methodology for locating and quan tifying winding deformation in transformers.It is based on the fitting of a Gray Box transformer model to FRA measurements. Here the FRA measurements were recorded both before and after the fault. The refined variations in the key parameters of the model can be then used to quantify winding deformation with in power transformers. Key words: Frequency response analysis, Swept frequency response analysis (SFRA), Impulse response analysis (IFRA), Gray box transformer model. Winding deformation. Keywords: Frequency response analysis, Swept frequency response analysis (SFRA), Impulse response analysis (IFRA), Gray box transformer model. Winding deforma tion,Buckling

Analysis and Experimental Study on the Influence of Louver Separation Device on the Sand Collection Efficiency of Wind Erosion Instrument

A wind erosion instrument is a core instrument for collecting sand particles in wind and sand flows and studying the laws of wind and sand movement. To study the influence of the internal structure of the wind erosion instrument on its sand collection efficiency, a built-in louver separation device was designed. Based on CFD and Fluent 2022 software, numerical analysis was conducted using an RNG k-ε model, and the discrete phase model (DPM) method was used to calculate the sand collection efficiency. The flow field analysis of the new wind–sand separator was carried out. The influence of blade inclination angle, blade thickness, and blade number on sand collection efficiency was studied using single-factor and response surface analysis methods. The optimal parameter combination was obtained as blade inclination angle of 30°, blade thickness of 1.25 mm, and blade number of 10. A simulation model was established based on the optimal combination parameters, and the performance of the wind erosion instrument before and after the addition of the louver separation device was compared. The simulation results show that adding a louver separation device can increase static pressure, alleviate short-circuit flow and back-mixing phenomena, and stabilize the flow field; increasing tangential velocity leads to an increase in particle centrifugal force; reduce axial velocity, prolong particle stagnation time, and minimize particle escape. The particle trajectory pattern is mostly a continuous spiral path, which is conducive to capturing particles and improving sand collection efficiency. Compared with the original structure, for particles with diameters ranging from 0.001–0.05 mm, 0.005–0.01 mm, 0.01–0.05 mm, 0.05–0.1 mm, and 0.1–0.5 mm, the addition of a louver separation device increased the sand collection efficiency by 32.74%, 22.55%, 33.17%, 11.45%, and 0.13%, respectively. When the wind speed is 13.8 m/s and the diameter range is 0.001–0.5 mm, the average sand collection efficiency obtained from simulation tests and wind tunnel tests is 86.18% and 84.32%, respectively, with an error of 2.2%. The simulation results are reliable. The research results show that adding a louver separation device can improve the sand collection efficiency of the wind erosion instrument, and has better overall performance compared to the original wind–sand separator. This study provides a basis for further research on the structure of wind erosion gauges and the environmental protection of farmland. Strengthening land management can effectively protect soil resources, reduce wind erosion, ensure the stability of the ecosystem, and lay the foundation for promoting the sustainable use of land.

Dielectric Elastomer Generators: Recent Advances in Materials, Electronic Circuits, and Prototype Developments

The ongoing climate crisis requires innovative methods to maximize renewable and sustainable energy resources. There have been advancements in harvesting energy from ambient motions such as wind, ocean waves, and human movements. Dielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) are a promising option for energy harvesting due to their high energy density and compatibility with low‐frequency oscillations. This review provides an in‐depth overview of DEGs, including electroactive materials, electromechanical characterization, electronics for harvesting, interfacing circuits, prototypes, and challenges. DEGs have the potential to play a significant role in decarbonizing energy for both small‐ and large‐scale applications using ambient energy sources.

New discussion on hypertension from traditional Chinese medicine

Hypertension, as the most common and major risk factor in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, has become a major public health issue facing China, bringing a heavy burden of health economics to the society. However, due to the early and comprehensive intervention with antihypertensive drugs, the pathogenesis of hypertension has undergone profound changes compared with that before. The dizziness in traditional medical texts cannot be completely equated with hypertension, and the understanding of this disease is not limited to traditional pathogeneses such as hyperactivity of liver Yang and internal movement of liver wind. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the modern pathogenesis and clinical treatment rules. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment of hypertension has attracted much attention for its ability to steadily and gently lower blood pressure. On the basis of 20 years of clinical practice and the review of classics and progress of modern evidence-based medicine research, our research group proposes that the treatment of hypertension should follow the principle of "one core, two key mechanisms, three pathogeneses, and four prevention and treatment goals". Among them, "one core" refers to blood pressure reduction; "two mechanisms" refer to glucose and lipid metabolism and water and sodium metabolism; "three pathogeneses" refer to fire syndrome, fluid retention syndrome, and deficiency syndrome; "four prevention and treatment goals" refer to stable blood pressure reduction, reversal of risk factors, protection of target organs, and reduction of cardiovascular endpoint events. This treatment principle provides new ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of hypertension with TCM.

Passive Cooling Design Opportunities: Lessons Learned from Traditional Banjar Houses

Abstract Indonesia is an archipelago country that encompasses many different ethnicities across five large islands, one of which is Kalimantan (Borneo) Island. The river has become the lifeline in Borneo, especially for Banjar people. Banjar people have eleven types of traditional houses, each designed for specific social classes, which differ from one another in terms of materials, layout, and roof proportions. In this paper, three different types of Banjar traditional houses are compared to study the passive cooling conditions related to the proportions of the floor plan and cross-section. These three types are: (1) Bubungan Tinggi House, (2) Palimbangan House, and (3) Lanting House. The three types of houses are modelled and simulated using RWIND CFD software, by inputting the maximum and minimum wind speed (3.5 and 17 m/s), to study the potential of imitating vernacular forms that assures effective passive cooling. The result is that the Palimbangan house has the most balanced passive cooling performance through wind movements and direction. The findings could serve as an alternative for application in modern housing architecture that is sustainable and energy-efficient.

Climate Change Impact and Adaptation of Traditional Fishermen in Rangas Village, Majene Regency

Abstract Most of the growth centers in Majene are developing in coastal areas which highly vulnerable to climate change impacts, with the economic sector most affected being capture fisheries. Rangas Village, Banggae District affected by climate change because 80% of the population in the area depends on the capture fisheries sector for their livelihood. Therefore, using qualitative descriptive method, this research aims to examine impact of climate change on traditional fishermen in Rangas Village and adaptation actions taken. Result of the research indicates that climate change impacts felt by fishermen is unpredictable weather, especially large sea waves which often become obstacles to their activities. To overcome this, they have to do fishing activity in area outside Majene Regency. Most fishermen still use traditional methods which is observation of wind movement to determine the right time to sail. Due to these adaptation measures, most fishermen did not experience a decrease in the number of catches. This is in accordance with statistical data which states that fish catches tend to increase from 2021-2023. However, there is a decrease in fish prices compared to previous years, which is due to fish stocks tending to exceed needs, so their income also tends to decrease.

The Impact of Wind Movement on Providing Thermal Comfort in Urban Design

The wind movement is a crucial factor in enhancing thermal comfort, forming an essential part towards friendly and sustainable urban environment. Air movement, as a prominent climatic factor, reduces heat stress with improving ventilation quality. Effective natural ventilation and heat stress mitigation can be achieved by orientation, planning and shaping the urban blocks in urban environments. Air movement represents the most important element in improving environmental adaptation, as the rapid airflow reaching buildings can significantly reduce their temperature. Site planning requires precise knowledge of the main wind directions and speeds. The research utilized the ENVI-met Models program for modeling urban environments and predicting thermal effects in the built environment. This program plays a crucial role in understanding and analyzing environmental conditions and their impact on thermal comfort. The research addressed the knowledge gap and lack of local studies in highlighting the role of wind movement in enhancing thermal comfort in urban environments using ENVI-met Models. The research aimed to provide specific knowledge in measuring wind movement and its role in enhancing thermal comfort in urban environments using the program. The research hypothesized that analyzing and modeling wind movement with ENVI-met Models can effectively contribute to understanding and improving thermal comfort in urban environments. One of the key findings is that studying the impact of wind movement with this program is essential for providing scientific and technical foundations to improve urban design and enhance thermal comfort in urban areas, promoting sustainability and environmental quality in cities

Ventography and the spatial politics of wind

This article explores the co-production of wind energy resources and UK maritime territories in the North Sea. It shows how endeavors to map wind for energy are shaped by specific spatial imaginations, which are in turn making it possible for the UK to advance sovereign claims over volumetric spaces offshore. This follows a long history of efforts to study and map wind movements alongside significant chapters of colonialism, imperialism, and territorial dispossession. The practices involved in the transformation of atmospheric circulations into territorial claims center on what I call ventography: the systematic study and cartographic representation of wind in relation to political boundaries, a project which is shaped by, and subsequently enrolled in, territorialization, sovereign performances, and border regimes. In this vein, the intangible nature of wind, often thought to be beyond the grasp of spatial politics, is being transformed into a resource that is coming to play a role in the production and reconfiguration of space in altogether new ways. Through a focus on the UK’s attempts to transmute wind power into territorial power, this article traces how ventography is reshaping the scales and configurations of contemporary political geographies.

Investigation of microbiological quality of indoor air in university campus due to students returning after COVID-19 restriction

Abstract COVID-19 has opened the world’s eyes to microbiological indoor air quality, which is essential to know the disease’s behaviour and spread. COVID-19 has caused several campuses to restrict campus activities to minimize the virus’s transmission among students. As students return to campus, microbiological indoor air quality can deteriorate. Therefore, understanding related to this matter needs to be improved. This study aims to give a glimpse to investigate the impact of a student returning to microbiological indoor air quality and determine the main contributing factors influencing it. This study measured two microbial air pollutants, total bacteria, and fungi, in a different indoor environment at the Sumatra Institute of Technology in Lampung, Indonesia. Simultaneously, the main factor, (the number of occupants/students) and several environmental factors that could potentially influence microbial air pollutants such as room temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, ventilation area, and the direction of wind movement were also measured. Compared to measurements taken during the pandemic, the intensified number of averaged total bacteria and total fungi reached 248% and 63%, respectively. The total bacteria measured at the sampling locations were higher than the total fungi of 799.27 CFU/m3 compared to 552.99 CFU/m3. The number of bacteria also exceeds the Indonesian Bacteria Indoor Air Quality parameters standard. Based on the regression linier analysis, different significant variables influence each parameter. In general, the return of students after COVID-19 restrictions has significantly affected indoor microbiological air quality. In addition, the environmental factors that affect the parameters of bacteria and fungi are different, so further attention shall be addressed by the campus.

Monitoring the change in annual drought conditions in Iraq for the period (1981-2022), using statistical methods and modern technologies

Climate change is a natural phenomenon that occurs every several thousand years, but with the increase in human activities, climate change has accelerated. Since climate is the average of successive weather conditions in a place over a long period, it may be a month, a season, a year, or several years. Therefore, we find that climatology is concerned with showing the average or median weather conditions prevailing in a region rather than showing daily changes in weather conditions in the region. Therefore, climate change had a significant impact on drought conditions in the location of the study area during the period (1081-2022). The reason for this is that Iraq is characterized by its equatoriality and flat surface in the central and southern regions, which makes it enjoy fast wind movement that raises dust storms that reduce the level of humidity. Stations in southern and central Iraq recorded the highest frequency, represented by the dominance of (south-easterly) winds in the summer season, while stations in the northern region recorded the lowest frequency of this type of wind in the (winter) season. The reason is due to the high temperatures, the variation in humidity, and the frequency of winds in the summer and spring seasons, where air highs prevail and the frequency of air lows decreases, and since climate change causes the retention of rain in the winter with the phenomenon of global warming or the intensity of rain in the spring, summer and fall seasons due to... The phenomenon of convection, which becomes more active due to the heating of the Earth, as well as an increase in the pressure gradient as a result of the deepening of the depression. Seasonal thermal, while the reason for the decrease in wind speed in the fall and winter is due to the lack of thermal activity, the decline of the seasonal low, and the increase in the influence of the Siberian High. Since the drought trend and rising global temperatures have negatively affected drought conditions in Iraq, causing scarcity of rainfall throughout Iraq. Due to the decrease in the frequency of air depressions in the winter, as well as the dominance of air highs, which causes a decline in rain and a lack of humidity or its variation from one region to another, and using statistical methods and the SPSS program, it became clear that Iraq is going through varying periods of drought, which affected the climate conditions over a period of 41 years and during three cycles. Micro-climate cycle and macro-climate cycle.

MECHANISTIC ANALYSIS OF EARLY PAVEMENT DETERIORATION: APPLICATION TO THE GASSI - DOURBALI SECTION

This work deals with the empirical mechanistic analysis of pavement behaviour: application to the Gassi - Dourbali axis in Chad. It consists of carrying out a study to determine the probable causes of the deterioration observed on the section in question, and of recording the deterioration. Test pits on the asphalt section, distributed according to the severity of the deterioration, will be used to determine the thickness of the various layers of pavement and their geotechnical characteristics. Deflection measurements will be carried out over a distance of two thousand (2000) metres and on particularly deteriorated areas in order to determine the residual capacity of the pavement. The traffic study included a 3-day vehicle weighing campaign and a counting campaign at at least three (03) stations for a period of seven (7) days. Based on the information available, we reviewed the project from its conception to its completion, and even its termination. The main reason for the work being halted was the early deterioration of the first 54 kilometres of asphalt. What went wrong?The Deming wheel is a tool for analysing and diagnosing projects. Plan Do Check Act is a question and answer method. It has enabled us to plan our actions, namely: surveys of deterioration, the organisation of traffic counts, the axle weighing campaign, and then the launch of geotechnical tests. Following an analysis of the rutting mechanism, recommendations are proposed to reduce the risk of rutting and to repair the pavement. Cracks appearing on the surface as a result of the combined causes we have listed are accentuated by rain, wind and vehicle movements, which crumple the earthenware and cause it to break up into debris or masses.

Perencanaan Rumah Minimalis Ramah Lingkungan di Kelurahan Poris Plawad Utara, Cipondoh, Tangerang, Banten

Poris Plawad Utara, Cipondoh, Tangerang, Banten is a densely populated area, this is due to the large number of incomers who live or reside there. Due to those conditions, there is a must to educate the residents to have plan in designing the healthy and environmentally friendly home. It needs to pay an attention for aspects of the surrounding environmental conditions in planning a healthy and environmentally friendly residence, such as circulation of the sun, wind movement, availability of open areas and other environmental aspects to meet residential needs for thermal comfort. To achieve these ideal conditions, it is a necessary to pay an attention to the natural ventilation circulation system and natural lighting. From the results of the research carried out, it can be concluded that the ideal building orientation is facing east-west, in this direction, the sunlight shines throughout the day. If the light intensity is high, vegetation can be planted in the area around the building with shady and cooling tree species, it can also provide alternatives to the building structure such as making wooden slats in the direction of the sun to reduce glare and maximize openings to circulate air from outside the room. To provide natural coolness to the building, distance is created in between each the building so that the wind can move freely in the room.

Radiative impacts of cloud hydrometeors on the radial movement of the maximum wind of Typhoon Rammasun (2014)

This study aimed to investigate the radiative impacts of cloud hydrometeors on the radial movement of the maximum wind of Typhoon Rammasun (2014), as indicated by the radial shift in the maximum symmetric rotational kinetic energy (Kψsmax). The sensitivity experiments conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model indicated that the radial movement of Kψsmax remains unaffected by the radiative impacts of cloud water, raindrops, snow, and graupel. However, eliminating the radiative impacts of cloud ice produced a 10-h pause in Kψsmax and contraction of its radius, which eventually led to a delay in rapid intensification, resulting in a 13% reduction in intensity peak. The analysis reveals that removal of the radiative impacts of cloud ice induced the instability in the lower troposphere and enhanced the dissipation as well as the conversion from Kψs to asymmetric rotational kinetic energy (Kψa). This significantly reduced the Kψs tendency by offsetting the conversion from symmetric divergent kinetic energy (Kχs) to Kψs and Kψs flux convergence.

Vision-Guided Tracking and Emergency Landing for UAVs on Moving Targets

This paper presents a vision-based adaptive tracking and landing method for multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), designed for safe recovery amid propulsion system failures that reduce maneuverability and responsiveness. The method addresses challenges posed by external disturbances such as wind and agile target movements, specifically, by considering maneuverability and control limitations caused by propulsion system failures. Building on our previous research in actuator fault detection and tolerance, our approach employs a modified adaptive pure pursuit guidance technique with an extra adaptation parameter to account for reduced maneuverability, thus ensuring safe tracking of moving objects. Additionally, we present an adaptive landing strategy that adapts to tracking deviations and minimizes off-target landings caused by lateral tracking errors and delayed responses, using a lateral offset-dependent vertical velocity control. Our system employs vision-based tag detection to ascertain the position of the Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) in relation to the UAV. We implemented this system in a mid-mission emergency landing scenario, which includes actuator health monitoring of emergency landings. Extensive testing and simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, significantly advancing the development of safe tracking and emergency landing methods for UAVs with compromised control authority due to actuator failures.

The Past, Present and Future of Three-Day Sickness with Epidemiological Data

Three-day sickness, also known as Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF), is an arboviral-derived disease of cattle and water buffaloes progressing with acute, rapidly developing polyphasic fever and showing symptoms such as stiffness of muscle tissue and excessive salivation. While clinical findings generally continue between 1-3 days, it has importance due to a sudden and high decrease in milk yield in cows during lactation, infertility, loss of condition, treatment costs and sometimes serious economic losses due to death of sick animals. The possible spread mechanism is reported to be related to the inter-regional wind movement of Culicoides-type sandflies and various insect vectors and host feeding of these blood-fed vectors. The objective of this review is to provide information about the current situation of the three-day sickness in the light of current epidemiological data and to draw a perspective for the future.

Comparative Analysis of Characteristics and Physical Mechanisms for Typical Summer Extreme Precipitation in Pakistan

Abstract The 2022 floods in Pakistan resulted in severe losses and garnered global attention. This study aims to enhance the understanding of extreme precipitation (EP) events in Pakistan by examining the characteristics and mechanisms behind the persistent EP during summer, utilizing daily precipitation data from the Climate Prediction Center (CPC). Results showed that the monsoon precipitation in 2010, 2020 and 2022 are the highest three years on record. Notably, these peak events in 2010 (concentrating in the north) and 2022 (concentrating in the south) spanned from July through August. Conversely, the extreme precipitation in August 2020 was concentrated in northern Pakistan. For the circulation patterns, the intensification of the South Asian High and the western Pacific subtropical high with a strong Indian monsoon is a unifying feature, but the Iranian high and monsoon low-pressure system on the south of Pakistan was different. Additionally, the EP in July 2010 and August 2022 were also influenced by the teleconnection associated with European Blocking. La Niña events and the negative-phase Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) also played a role in affecting summer EP, with the strongest La Niña occurring in 2010 and a notable triple-dip La Niña coinciding with a significant negative IOD phase in 2022. La Niña contributed to the formation of an anomalously strong anticyclone over the northwest Pacific and easterly winds along the southern Himalayas, impacting moisture transport to Pakistan. Conversely, the negative IOD phase amplified EP in Pakistan by enhancing the northward movement of convective systems and westerly winds over the Indian Ocean. Furthermore, reduced snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau in the springs of 2010 and 2022 likely induced a stronger thermal dynamical effect, acting as a heat source in summer and increasing precipitation in Pakistan.

Pengalaman Sense of Smell pada Arsitektur Rumah Adat Suku Osing

Title: Sense of Smell Experience on Osing Traditional House Architecture Nusantara architecture results from identical thinking on cultural background and natural conditions that produce physical comfort and atmosphere resulting from the response of human senses, one of which is the sense of smell. The study focuses on the influences or sense of smell responses associated with buildings, such as building materials used, softscape, and hardscape that produce certain scents, especially in Osing Tribe's Indigenous Houses. In line with that, the study identified smells through sensory mapping and the smell intensity influencing the atmosphere by superimposing a Likert scale with a smells wheel from two objects studied, Homestay Bata Merah and Villa SoLong in Banyuwangi. The results of this study found that building elements such as wood, terraces, natural stones, ceramics, paving blocks, and linen are the primary materials that give characteristic aroma, followed by vegetation such as trees that have flowers or sweet-aromatic fruit also dominate, especially in the Homestay Bata Merah. On the other hand, the typical smells are also formed by the influence of geographical conditions and wind movements as the medium of smells material spread, as in Vila SoLong, which has typical ocean smells. The sense of smell experience of traditional house buildings also shapes Nusantara Architecture's identity and improves the comfort of visitors or people active in it.

The Relationship between Vertical Kinematic Eddy Heat Flux, Air Temperature and Turbulent Kinetic Energy in Atmospheric Boundary Layer: Baghdad City

Studying the heat flux in the boundary layer and understanding its relationship to the various atmospheric variables reflects positively on understanding the nature of turbulence in this layer and thus understanding the nature of the spread and movement of pollutants and the transmission and distribution of energy in this layer, also, the vertical heat flux is considered a significant influence on the movement of buoyancy and stability in the boundary layer and its effect on the horizontal wind movement, and therefore it is considered one of the important studies indirectly involved in the estimates of wind energy production, pollutant diffusion, and turbulence. This study involved the calculation of the Eddy Heat Flux and turbulent kinetic energy across Baghdad city. Our investigation revealed a correlation between the Eddy Heat Flux, temperature, and Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE). The observations have been made for wind speed with three components (u, v, w) and temperature by using a fast-response anemometer. As for the atmospheric pressure data, it was obtained from the automatic weather station located in the department of Atmospheric Sciences at Mustansiriyah University. The range of observations extended through the duration of thirty days for 24 hours from 1st July 2016 to 30th July 2016 every second. The maximum Eddy Heat Flux value was 0.092 J/(m2.s) at 10:00 on 23th July 2016, while the minimum Eddy Heat Flux value was -0.013 J/(m2.s) at 21:00 hour on 25th July 2016, the negative sign refer to a change in the direction of heat transfer,. It was also found that there is a positive relationship between the eddy heat flux and temperatures with a correlation coefficient of 0.93, as well as between the eddy heat flux and the turbulent kinetic energy with a correlation coefficient of 0.8.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WIND VELOCITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TURBINES AND GENERATORS

Variations in wind speed at 4,6 and 8 m altitudes were analyzed using a 24-hour dataset. The greatest recorded wind velocity was 3.3 m/s at a height of 8 meters, and the lowest was around 2.4 m/s at a height of 4 meters. The investigation also identified discrepancies in velocity between the generator and turbine while they were operating with and without a load. The turbine's speed increased when there was no weight present. The peak wind velocity reached 3.9 meters per second, accompanied by a similar variation of 5.4 rotations per minute. The average discrepancy in rotational velocity between the turbine and generator during periods of low wind was 3.74 RPM. This discovery establishes a fundamental basis for comprehending the movement of wind and enabling future in-depth explorations in the field of atmospheric sciences. The generator's performance is assessed by the measurement of current and voltage, which serves to highlight its versatility and effectiveness. The correlation between wind velocity and generator rotational speed is crucial for energy conversion, since the turbine's velocity needs to be adjusted to match the heightened load, affecting the generator's speed.

Relationship Between Winds with Surface Roughness and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations Over Iraq

The methodology used in the study is based on hourly and monthly rates (wind speed and direction, CO2, and surface roughness) obtained from the European Center for Numerical Weather Prediction at 30 sites in Iraq in 2020. The results showed that the maximum wind speed was 4 m/s at 12:00 noon, while the prevailing wind direction for all sites in Iraq was towards the northwest (NW) and the minimum wind speed was 2 m/s at 00:00 AM. By analysing the monthly wind speed and direction for some selected stations, it was found that the highest value of (SW), i.e., 64% was recorded at Rutba station, and the lowest value of (SW) at Basra station was 45%, where the prevailing direction was found to be towards the north-northwest (NNW). The spatial analysis concluded that the wind movement is directed from the north and northwest, explaining that the wind reverses its direction from the mountainous heights to flat lands due to the roughness of the surface in the northern regions above the stations of Iraq. Spearman’s test was carried out between wind speed and surface roughness, and between carbon dioxide and surface roughness. It was found that the correlation strength is weak, and the relationship is inverse between surface roughness and wind speed. This analysis is considered the best way to choose the best wind power plants.