Wind Farm In Order Research Articles

Prospect of offshore wind energy development in Japan

In Japan, the cumulative capacity of wind turbine generation systems on land has increased steadily in recent years. To install a large number of wind turbines has inherent problems such as shortage of suitable land, and inadequate infrastructure such as power cables and roads. The necessity for development of offshore wind turbine generation systems has been recognised based on the above backgrounds. An expert committee to survey the prospect of offshore wind turbine generation in Japan was organised last year. In this paper, the prospect of offshore wind energy development in Japan is reported based on the discussion in the committee. As a result, it was found that there are some undesirable circumstances for offshore wind energy utilisation in Japan. For that reason, we need technological innovation as well as an increase in scale of wind farms in order to achieve an economical profit. The difficulty in realising of offshore wind farms in Japan relates to Japanese inshore conditions, various legal regulations and fishing rights issues.

Lectures on aluminium fishing boats. III: Kaneko, Y. and Takeuchi, K. Kei Kinzoku Yosetsu (Journal of Light Metal Welding and Construction) Nov. 1991 29, (11), 36–46 (in Japanese)

Offshore wind power is one of the fastest growing renewable energies and the Brazilian coastline with nearly 9650 km has a great wind potential. Even though offshore oil and gas regulation is well established, this is still unknown for offshore wind power. This article aims to propose a regulatory framework for development of offshore wind power in Brazil. A literature review and case studies were conducted on offshore wind regulation in Denmark, United Kingdom and Germany and on Brazilian offshore oil and gas. The framework involves three macro phases: Pre-development, Development and Operation and Post-Operation. As Brazil is a new market, the use of two concession regimes is proposed: open door and tender. The framework proposes a feed-in tariff contracted in the tender with readjustments by the General Index of Market Prices. The required licenses, authorized by ANEEL, IBAMA and COMAER are: area concession, simplified license for studies, marine and air collision, cable laying, construction and operation and pre-decommissioning. The research concludes that the legal framework should consider the entire life cycle of wind farm in order to avoid future regulatory problems such as those that occurred with the offshore oil and gas, which did not consider the decommissioning stage.