Willingness Of Respondents Research Articles

Grower assessment of profitability impact from Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), the value of management information sources, and use of potential management practices

AbstractAn online survey was conducted from June 2018 to March 2021 to elicit information from commercial farmers and growers on the economic impact of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB) (Halyomorpha halys (Stål)) on agriculture and their attitudes towards adopting various alternative management practices, including use of Trissolcus japonicus as a biocontrol agent. Most respondents reported that BMSB reduced the profitability of their operation, with the largest impacts coming from reduced quality and increased spray cost. Improved monitoring techniques and natural enemies have the greatest probability to be used to manage BMSB, while tactics like attract and kill, border sprays, repellents, trap crops and netting were less likely to be adopted. Further analysis using ordered logistic and tobit regression models shows that the factors that influence potential adoption vary significantly for each management practice. This suggests that adoption efforts for alternate management practices should focus on the attributes of specific commodity groups and targeted educational programmes may be required to overcome the resistance of growers using conventional growing practices. Several variables have a consistent impact on the respondent's willingness to pay for a T. japonicus‐based biocontrol including being a commercial producer (positive impact), use of conventional growing practices (negative) and increased concern about the impact of BMSB (positive).

2007 Willingness of older adults and their informal caregivers to deprescribe medication: UK survey study

Abstract Introduction Reducing inappropriate polypharmacy is a major public health goal and deprescribing is considered one potential solution. Although patient attitudes towards deprescribing have been well studied, little consideration has been given to the informal caregiver perspective, how this differs from the views of patients and how that might influence care. Method A survey including demographic questions and the revised Patients’ Attitude Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire was undertaken. The primary outcome was to identify the willingness of respondents to deprescribe. This survey was distributed as online, telephone or paper versions, via social media, community centres, day care centres, local organisations, and personal networks. It had two sections composed of equivalent questions: one for the ‘patient’ (age 65+, based in England, taking 1 prescription medication) and one for their ‘informal caregiver’ (age 18+). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and binomial logistic regression. Results After exclusion of ineligible respondents, a total of 1,307 survey responses were received (861 patients and 446 caregivers). The average patient was 76±9 years, female (526; 61.6%), white (831; 97%), and educated to degree level (482; 56.9%). The average informal caregiver was 73±14 years, female (278; 62.9%), white (426; 96.4%) and educated to degree level (258; 58.2%). A total of 77.1% patients agreed that they were willing to deprescribe medications if their doctor said it was possible. In contrast, significantly fewer informal caregivers were happy for their patient to have medications deprescribed (59.7%; p-value for difference <0.001). Trust in physician, concerns about stopping medication and belief in the appropriateness of withdrawal were all associated with respondent willingness to deprescribe. Conclusion This large study suggests patients are more willing to deprescribe than their informal caregivers. Better understanding of these attitudes and how they differ between patients and informal caregivers, will help inform interventions to improve involvement in medication-related decisions.

Does Providing an Example Social Network Map Increase Referrals or Affect Types of Ties Reported in an Online Survey?

Social network research often depends on the willingness of respondents to provide personal information about themselves and alters. Survey design strategies that increase willingness to share this information are necessary for social network research to be feasible, especially when name generators are used for sampling because rosters are unavailable. We conducted an experiment in which one group of respondents ( n = 94) received an online survey that included an example network map and the other group ( n = 100) received one that did not. Results show the map did not increase or decrease provision of network contacts nor influence the types of ties reported. Furthermore, respondents were reluctant to provide names and contact information of alters. Our study demonstrates the difficulty of collecting network information without a previously defined roster and an attempt to improve data collection through strategic survey design.

Reading and Listening Ability Relative to Students’ Level of Performance

The study aimed to determine the second language reading and listening abilities of Grade 11 students and their relationship to grammatical morphemes and lexico-grammatical knowledge by proposing engagement exercises to enhance students’ language performance in public secondary schools. The study used the descriptive research method to determine students’ performance levels in reading, and listening abilities. The respondents were grade 11 students enrolled in the selected secondary schools in the Division of Capiz. Purposive sampling method was used as this study is based upon various criteria, including the capacity and willingness of respondents to participate. The data-gathering instruments utilized in the study were documentary analysis and teacher-made tests. For a meaningful interpretation and analysis of the study, the data were subjected to statistical treatment such as frequency, percentage, ranking, mean, Pearson r product-moment correlation, and T-test. The study’s findings revealed that Grade 11 students’ performance levels are average in grammatical morphemes and lexico-grammatical knowledge, while the levels of students’ reading and listening abilities are generally average. Further, there are relationships between the reading and listening abilities and their socio-demographic attributes. The study recommends language engagement exercises that includes activities that could enhance the listening and reading abilities of Grade 11 students based on the areas needing enhancement.

STUDY OF THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF SMALL TOURISM BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN THE CITY OF ALMATY

This study is based on an understanding of the state of development of small tourism businesses in Almaty, one of the oldest settlements located along the Great Silk Road. The aim of the study was to obtain accurate data on the current state of development of small tourism businesses in Almaty and to identify problems and prospects. In the course of the research, 655 questionnaire responses from business owners and managers meeting the selection criteria were selected and rigorously monitored over a period of 3 months. As a result of the study, the most important problems of small tourism businesses in Almaty were identified, which include: 75.7% of respondents lacked knowledge about tourism activities; 53.6% of entrepreneurs do not conclude contracts with employees; 82% of business representatives do not have marketing plans; and, as a consequence, inability to obtain loans from banks; and the consequences of the war in Ukraine. However, we also saw some positive trends in the survey: the willingness of respondents to overcome the consequences and the crisis of the covid pandemic-19; motivation to develop their own business; 28.7% of young entrepreneurs; 74.7% of individual entrepreneurs invest in small tourism businesses. Thus, this study is an auxiliary tool for solving the problem of sustainable development of tourism infrastructure of Almaty, service activities, problems arising in small tourism business.

Factors affecting willingness and future intention to eat insects in students of an edible insect course

Interest in insects as food has increased globally over the last decade. Factors affecting willingness to eat insects in countries without traditions of edible insects have been studied predominantly in Europe, and with a predominant focus on consumer attributes such as levels of food neophobia or disgust. This study examined attitudes in Taiwan, where edible insects are not commonly consumed, and included attributes of edible insects as a food innovation, using Diffusion of Innovations Theory as the framework to model explanatory variables affecting consumer choice. These choices not only included willingness to eat insect products in varying levels of disguise, but also the desire, intention, and probability of actually eating insects within the next month, in order to identify factors affecting passive rejection from lack of supply instead of active rejection. Taiwanese students of an edible insect course were surveyed on their willingness and intention to eat insects, and their views towards novel foods, insects in general, and insects as food. Food neophobia and levels of disgust or fear of insects had the strongest effects on respondent willingness and intent to eat insects. Processed insect products were seen as more acceptable, yet also riskier and less acceptable to less innovative consumers. Concern over the environmental footprint of one’s diet correlated with a willingness to replace traditional meat with insects, but otherwise was not a significant predictor of likelihood to eat insects. Variables related to insect product supply such as trialability and observability were not significant, but perceived approval or disapproval from peers and family strongly correlated with willingness to eat insects. Strongly neophobic and entomophobic consumers may remain unwilling to add insects to their diets even if they are educated on the rationale for doing so.

The Effect of Income Level on the Financial Behavior of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Lubuklinggau City

This research was conducted to see The Effect of Income Level on the Financial Behavior Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah di Kota Lubuklinggau. Sampling, using a purposive side. The number of samples was 98 respondents. The analysis tool used was SEM which was run with SmatPLS3.0 software. The results of this study are related to the theme of Influence of Income Level on the The Effect of Income Level on the Financial Behavior Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah di Kota Lubuklinggau.The number of samples in this study used 98 respondents of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Lubuklinggau with the willingness of respondents to fill out questionnaires with valid data totaling 89 respondents. After testing, it can be concluded that: This study found that income levels had a positive effect on financial behavior. This was due to the results of testing the hypothesis which shows that the income level with financial behavior shows the path coefficient value of the original sample estimate of 0.451 with a significance below 5% which is indicated by the t-statistic value of 5.625 which is greater than the t-table value of 1.984. the P-Value is 0.000. P-value (0.000) < α = 5 This study found that the level of income has a positive effect on financial behavior. This means that the higher the level of income, the better the financial behavior will be and this will have an impact on better financial management. This study made modifications to the data testing because there were several indicator results that did not meet the requirements so dropping or elimination had to be carried out on each variable indicator that did not meet the discriminant validity requirements. This research was useful for the academic environment and MSME managers in Lubuklinggau

The role of the international Tour De Banyuwangi Ijen event in increasing the number of tourists for Banyuwangi Ijen crater destinations

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of the International Tour de Banyuwangi Ijen (ITdBI) championship in increasing tourist visits to the Banyuwangi Ijen Crater destination. Respondents amounted to 100 tourists, including 80 domestic tourists and 20 foreign tourists. This study uses quota sampling. The data was processed using crosstabulation analysis and chi-square test, then continued with logistic regression. The research instrument is a questionnaire. The limitations of the research are the number of respondents and the willingness of respondents to fill out the questionnaire. The results showed that the role of sports championships analyzed on indicators of information, level of satisfaction, visiting enthusiasm, and recommendations contributed 75.9% to the increase in the number of tourists. Thus, the role of these major sporting events for tourists is as a medium of information, travel satisfaction, enthusiasm for repeated visits, and the willingness of tourists to recommend potential visitors. Future research is expected to include other factors involved in increasing tourist visits, especially tourists with sports motivation. The implementation of the next model and strategy is how to develop sustainable sports tourism in the Ijen crater tourist destination adapted to the concept of sustainable tourism development by considering environmental, socio-cultural and economic aspects.

An Approach to Model the Willingness to Use of E-Scooter Sharing Services in Different Urban Road Environments

E-scooter sharing services been grown exponentially within the last five years. They are based on the flexibility of accessing dense urban areas without specialized infrastructure. In modern cities, there are diverse road environments that impact the comfort, and therefore the attractiveness, of micro-mobility services. This study aims to investigate the willingness to use e-scooter sharing services, while considering the road environment. To formulate area-specific pricing policies, a stated preferences experiment with 243 respondents, who can be considered as potential users, is conducted in Athens, Greece and a binary logistic regression model with random beta parameters is developed. The analysis of the model marginal effects indicates that the integration of bonus points into micro-mobility services, combined with the option of transferring these points to parking services, can compensate a non-friendly road environment, thus increasing the service demand. The existence of roads with good pavement conditions and wide sidewalks significantly increased the willingness of respondents to use e-scooter sharing services. Unexpectedly, pedestrianized zones in a buffer area of 2 km radius from the trip origin reinforce the attractiveness of shared e-scooters, while the contribution of bike lanes and traffic calming streets (or shared space) were proven to be insignificant.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on palliative care practice: A survey of clinical oncologists.

Palliative care is an essential intervention to improve the quality of life for patients with cancer, whereas the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to supportive and palliative care providers. This survey aims to explore the current status of palliative care practice for cancer and the influence of COVID-19, from the perspective of oncologists. The semi-structure electronic questionnaire was designed. Mixed-mode surveys including electronic questionnaires, face-to-face interactions, and telephone interviews were adopted according to the willingness of respondents. Face-to-face and telephone interviews were based on same questions in the online questionnaire. Participants working in cancer-related departments with frontline palliative care experience during the COVID-19 outbreak were included. Surveys covered experiences and perspectives regarding the impact of COVID-19 on clinical work, personal lives, and palliative care practice. Suggestions on coping strategies were further proposed and qualitatively analyzed. Thirty-seven oncologists participated in this study from September 2021 to January 2022. The majority of them believed COVID-19 significantly and negatively affected their clinical work routines (75.7%), personal daily lives (67.6%), and palliative care practice (64.9%). Most specialists considered that currently the palliative care system remained underdeveloped (73.0%), and other factors besides COVID-19 were associated with this situation (78.4%). Seventeen participants further made suggestions on how to promote palliative care during COVID-19, and three themes emerged through the qualitative analysis: (1) Remote or online service (88.2%); (2) Publicity, education, or shared decision-making for patients (29.4%); (3) Guidelines, training, or programs for care providers (23.6%). Oncologists consider that COVID-19 has an adverse impact on their palliative care practice and daily routine. In addition to COVID-19, other factors affecting palliative care should not be neglected. Corresponding measures are warranted to encourage palliative care practice during COVID-19.

The Effect of CPR Multimedia Learning to Willingness of Nursing Students On Conducting CPR

Introduction: Incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) varies worldwide as does the survival rate. The willingness of bystander on performing CPR on OHCA victims is an important factor in improving survival rate. Objective: To analyze the effect of CPR multimedia learning to willingness of nursing students on conducting CPR. Methods: This research was a quasy experimental study with randomized subject, pretest-posttest without control group design. The number of respondents were 36 students of 6th semester of nursing student using purposive sampling technique. The data was collected using a willingness questionnaire. Location of this study was in STIKES dr. Soebandi Jember. Ethical approval has been obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee at STIKES dr. Soebandi Jember. Results: The results showed that there were score differences of nursing students' willingness to perform CPR between before and after CPR multimedia learning (p=0.000). In the early stages before the CPR multimedia learning (pretest), the average respondent's willingness to reach 9.68 (4-5 questions answered yes) with the lowest score 8 and the highest score 14. After the CPR multimedia learning (posttest), the average respondent's willingness reached 14.13 (7-8 questions answered yes) with the lowest score of 12 and the highest score of 16. Conclusion: This study shows that CPR multimedia learning can increase the willingness of nursing students on conducting CPR.

Deliverable of Youtube Platform as a Commercial Health Awareness Communication to Malaysian Traveler

YouTube video search is the number one source of views in aggregation, the related video recommendation is the main source of views for most of the videos on YouTube. Health awareness also significant to economic progress, as healthy population live longer and will be increasingly productivity. Positive mental and physical health is a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and can contribute to his or her community. In addition, our results reveal that there is a strong correlation between the view count of a video and the average view count of its top referrer videos. The aim of this study are to know the impacts of YouTube as a health awareness video to traveler from Malaysia, and also to find out factors of usage of YouTube rather than other medium applications . Besides that, the factors and the impact of usage is influencing the YouTube as a main website popular and the most websites trending in the worldwide. Health awareness is very crucial information that each person needs to know to ensure that they can maintain a better and healthier life. This study conducted out of 68 respondents where is 35 of female and 33 of male. Most of respondents are in range 15 to 45 years old that are users of new media platforms especially YouTube and interact frequently on these platforms. The questionnaire is made up of three major sections which collect data on the respondents’ demographic profile, their exposure to YouTube, and their knowledge about health awareness video. As the result, this study showed that YouTube as a main platform to find any precautions about health awareness video or materials. In the meanwhile, the researcher agrees personally that YouTube is the best place to look for any videos or materials on health awareness precautions. With this study, it is made evident that YouTube's effects as a health awareness film for travelers from Malaysia altered a respondent's willingness to agree with the study's objectives.

Development of a Patient Preference Survey for Wearable Kidney Replacement Therapy Devices.

Recent innovations have the potential to disrupt the current paradigm for kidney failure treatment. The US Food and Drug Administration is committed to incorporating valid scientific evidence about how patients weigh the benefits and risks of new devices into their decision making, but to date, premarket submission of patient preference information (PPI) has been limited for kidney devices. With input from stakeholders, we developed a survey intended to yield valid PPI, capturing how patients trade off the potential benefits and risks of wearable dialysis devices and in-center hemodialysis. We conducted concept elicitation interviews with individuals receiving dialysis to inform instrument content. After instrument drafting, we conducted two rounds of pretest interviews to evaluate survey face validity, comprehensibility, and perceived relevance. We pilot tested the survey with in-center hemodialysis patients to assess comprehensibility and usability further. Throughout, we used participant input to guide survey refinements. Thirty-six individuals receiving in-center or home dialysis participated in concept elicitation (N=20) and pretest (N=16) interviews. Participants identified reduced fatigue, lower treatment burden, and enhanced freedom as important benefits of a wearable device, and many expressed concerns about risks related to device disconnection-specifically bleeding and infection. We drafted a survey that included descriptions of the risks of serious bleeding and serious infection and an assessment of respondent willingness to wait for a safer device. Input from pretest interviewees led to various instrument modifications, including treatment descriptions, item wording, and risk-level explanations. Pilot testing of the updated survey among 24 in-center hemodialysis patients demonstrated acceptable survey comprehensibility and usability, although 50% of patients required some assistance. The final survey is a 54-item web-based instrument that will yield estimates of the maximal acceptable risk for the described wearable device and willingness to wait for wearable devices with lower risk.

Factors affecting acceptance of palliative care in mainland China: a national cross-sectional study

China ranks 53rd in the list of 81 countries included in the Quality of Death and Dying Index 2021. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in China. Although the country is highly burdened with cancer, with 4·5 million new diagnoses and more than 3 million cancer deaths in 2020 alone, palliative care services in mainland China are extremely scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of people towards palliative and hospice care, and to analyse the associations between attitudes and potential explanatory variables. A survey was done between July 10, 2021, and Sept 15, 2021. We used a multistage sampling strategy to recruit participants from 120 cities across mainland China. The questionnaire aimed to assess the willingness of respondents to receive palliative care. Survey data were analysed by multiple stepwise linear regression to establish the factors associated with willingness to receive palliative care. Sex, education level, possession of a house, perceived anxiety on the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment scale, perceived pressure, social support (evaluated through the Perceived Social Support Scale), family health (evaluated through the Short-Form Family Health Scale), health literacy (evaluated through the Short-Form Health Literacy Questionnaire), personal sense of health (evaluated through the EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale), self-reported quality of life and sense of health (evaluated trough the EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire), and access to medical insurance were analysed as potential explanatory variables affecting acceptance of palliative care. Standardised regression coefficients (β) were used in multiple stepwise linear regression to reflect the effect of variables on the results. 11 031 respondents completed the survey. The average willingness to accept palliative care was scored at 65·02 points in a visual analogue scale of 0-100 points. Men (β=-0·02) were more likely than women to decline having palliative care. Respondents holding a bachelor's degree or higher (β=0·04), owning more residential properties (two: β=0·02; three or more houses: β=0·01), self-reporting mild perceived anxiety (β=0·03), higher perceived pressure (moderate pressure: β=0·05; severe pressure: β=0·06), or higher scores on the Perceived Social Support Scale (β=0·10), the Short-Form Family Health Scale (β=0·12), the Short-Form Health Literacy Questionnaire (β=0·16), the EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (β=0·21), the EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire (β=0·05), or with access to medical insurance providing higher reimbursement (employee health insurance and commercial health insurance: β=0·03; government insurance: β=0·04) were more willing to accept palliative care. Sex, house ownership, perceived anxiety, perceived pressure, social support on the Perceived Social Support Scale, and health literacy were the main affecting factors on Chinese residents' acceptance level and attitudes towards palliative care identified by this study, in which we discuss the public acceptance of palliative care on the basis of a nationwide sample from China. Despite some substantial reported outcomes in palliative care, the study is limited by reporting bias and selection bias. The scientific research project of Shaanxi Provincial Education Department, 2021 (grant 21JZ017), and Youth Project of Key Research Bases of Philosophy and Social Sciences in the Sichuan Province (grant YF22-Q13).

Household Pharmaceutical Waste Management Practices in the Johannesburg Area, South Africa.

Pharmaceutical wastes are expected to increase given the increasing population growth rates and rapidly rising economic burden of human diseases. This challenge calls for appropriate measures for the management of such hazardous wastes. The purpose of this survey was to document and investigate existing practices for the handling, storage, and disposal of household pharmaceutical wastes (HPWs) in the Johannesburg area. Primary data were collected via online surveys with self-administered questionnaires completed by respondents. The research found that 77% (n = 286) of respondents claimed some knowledge about HPWs. Types of medicines that contributed to HPWs included painkillers or analgesics (73%, n = 270) and drugs for treating colds and flu-related illnesses (52%; n = 193). Although there were a few exceptions, the respondents generally exhibited strong disagreements with environmentally unfriendly and health-threatening disposal practices. Moreover, most participants were willing to return expired medicines to pharmacies (40.7%, n = 151), whereas only 8.6% (n = 32) opposed this solution. Awareness levels tended to vary with employment status, educational qualifications, and place of residence. However, place of residence and household size did not correlate with types of pharmaceutical waste. Additionally, the study found that education attainments significantly influenced the willingness of respondents to return pharmaceutical wastes. Finally, there were no significant differences amongst respondents in terms of waste disposal practices. Altogether, the findings suggest the need for targeted efforts to bring about sustainable waste management at a household level.

Patient experiences with patient-reported outcome measures in metastatic breast cancer trials: qualitative interviews

BackgroundPatient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are critical for assessing treatment benefit of anticancer treatments. Although PRO measures have been developed with the intention of capturing patient-centric concepts, a gap exists in understanding the patient experience with these tools. We characterized the experience of patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC) with PRO measures in an oncology clinical trial setting to determine the importance, relevance, barriers, and facilitators for PRO completion.MethodsThe multicenter, qualitative design included semistructured interviews with 18 women with mBC who completed PRO measures in a clinical trial setting within 1 year of screening. Interviews began with concept elicitation to understand symptom characterization, decision to participate in a clinical trial, pre-trial expectations, and thoughts on study-related questionnaires. Cognitive debriefing was conducted to determine if items in a commonly used PRO instrument were relevant to the patient experience. Qualitative data were analyzed using a constant comparative approach.ResultsParticipants described the need for detailed explanation of PRO measures at study start, including information about how the PRO data will likely be used to support drug development. Respondents who felt connected to clinical trial research were more likely to feel as if the measures adequately captured their experiences. Items that were deemed irrelevant or out of date to the patient experience may cause a respondent to feel marginalized and adds to the overall burden of PRO measure completion. Mode of PRO measure administration (electronic/paper) was important to some, but placement of the instrument completion within a study visit appeared to influence respondent willingness to fully engage with the measures. A lack of any type of feedback loop to allow respondents to learn from the captured PRO data was noted as important but missing from the patient experience.ConclusionsPRO measures need to include content that is relevant to the patient experience over the course of the clinical trial period to be considered meaningful to respondents, and administration techniques also impact engagement. Robust communication strategies that socialize the intent, use, and results of PRO data may enrich the patient experience and support greater adherence to PRO completion in future studies.

Potential for informal guardianship in community-based wildlife crime prevention: Insights from Vietnam

The notion that indigenous people and local communities can effectively prevent conservation crime rests upon the assumption that they are informal guardians of natural resources. Although informal guardianship is a concept typically applied to “traditional” crimes, urban contexts, and the global North, it has great potential to be combined with formal guardianship (such as ranger patrols) to better protect wildlife, incentivize community participation in conservation, and address the limitations of formal enforcement in the global South. Proactive crime prevention is especially important for illegal snare hunting, a practice that has led to pernicious defaunation and which has proved difficult to control due to its broad scope. This paper uses interview data with community members in protected areas in Viet Nam where illegal snare hunting is commonplace to 1) analyze the conditions for informal guardianship in the study locations; 2) explore how community members can become more effective informal guardians; and 3) examine how formal and informal guardianship mechanisms can be linked to maximize deterrence and limit displacement of illegal snaring. Results indicate that conditions for informal guardianship exist but that respondent willingness to intervene depends upon the location, offender activity, and type of offender (outsider versus community member). While respondents generated numerous strategies for wildlife crime prevention, they also listed crime displacement mechanism offenders used to avoid detection. We discuss how informal guardianship can be integrated with formal guardianship into an overall model of situational crime prevention to protect wildlife and incentivize community-led deterrence of illegal snaring.

Environmental Practices of Waste Management in the Small Towns of the European Part in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the negative consequences for the environment from the constant increase in the amount of municipal solid waste. The most vulnerable in this situation are small towns in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The remoteness, inaccessibility, as well as the difficult socio-economic situation of these settlements are serious obstacles to achieving both the effectiveness of the implementation of the reform of production and consumption waste management, and the goals of sustainable development of the region. The purpose of the article is to identify the value foundations prevailing in environmental consciousness and the prevailing types of environmental behavior of the population of small towns in the European part of the Russian Arctic in the field of solid waste management. Materials and Methods. The article presents the results of an empirical study conducted by a questionnaire survey in August-November 2020 in the Arctic territories of the Republic of Karelia and the Murmansk region. The number of respondents is 1303. The questionnaire method is used to carry out a mass representative survey of residents of the Arctic territories on the problem of municipal solid waste. Statistical methods for processing quantitative data makes it possible to identify the main correlations between variables in relation to grassroots practices in the management of municipal solid waste by gender, age and place of residence of the respondents. Results. The paper shows the findings of a sociological study, during which the peculiarities of the perception of the population of small towns in the Republic of Karelia and the Murmansk region of environmental problems were identified and an assessment of the degree of threat to the environment from illegal dumps and household waste was given. The authors studied the direct practices of handling household waste and the willingness of respondents to change the traditional poorly environmentally oriented behavior to environmentally conscious actions. Discussion and Conclusion. The study showed that the problem of the increasing amount of MSW is relevant and causes a high degree of concern among the population. At the same time, the majority of respondents implement behavioral practices that indirectly affect the environment. The decisive problem for the population of remote areas of the Russian Arctic is the poor organization of the waste management process: lack of investment attractiveness for business, low level of infrastructure development, little funding, which determines low motivation and mobilization of the population to master various environmental practices. The results obtained can be used by regional and municipal authorities, regional operators and specialists of environmental nongovernment organizations.

New Degree Tracking Methods in Hungary

According to the Zoltan Magyary Program for the Development of Public Administration in 2012 the institution of civil servants’ training and further training has started, called the National University of Public Service (NUPS). The mid-term vision of the Institutional Development Plan is to make NUPS: a solid training and research base of the development of Hungarian public service and of public service career model It is important for NUPS how develops the feedback of its graduates on the academic years. Within the framework of the Graduate Career Tracking System (GCTS), research is carried out via questionnaires, whose completion is voluntary, among the current students and alumni with a degree no more than 5 years old. One of the purposes of the GCTS is to improve the University’s standards of service and education. The willingness of respondents is low from year to year, so the result of the questionnaire is lower than expected.
 The purpose of the study is to present a method to better track the opinions, experiences and placement parameters of graduate students. This new method helps to evaluate the results of the questionnaire more widely. this will allow the university to develop the institution more effectively.

The impact of social desirability bias on conspiracy belief measurement across cultures

AbstractPolls asking respondents about their beliefs in conspiracy theories have become increasingly commonplace. However, researchers have expressed concern about the willingness of respondents to divulge beliefs in conspiracy theories due to the stigmatization of those ideas. We use an experimental design similar to a list experiment to decipher the effect of social desirability bias on survey responses to eight conspiratorial statements. Our study includes 8290 respondents across seven countries, allowing for the examination of social desirability bias across various political and cultural contexts. While the proportion of individuals expressing belief in each statement varies across countries, we observe identical treatment effects: respondents systematically underreport conspiracy beliefs. These findings suggest that conspiracy beliefs may be more prominent than current estimates suggest.