Willingness Of Respondents Research Articles

Ranking of ecosystem services on the basis of willingness to pay: Monetary assessment of a subset of ecosystem services in the Heihe River basin

The identification of public preferences and the welfares of river system evaluation are consequential for effective renovation of river system as well as viable river management. For this reason, the focus of current study was emphasized on respondent's willingness to pay through implementation of Random Parameter Logit model using data collected through choice experiment technique, in which the preferences of sampled respondent's in urban, rural and pooled data was evaluated for different abiotic and biotic ecosystem services across the entire Heihe River Basin. The estimated results revealed that average urban households are willing to pay more for the restoration of ecosystem services compared to rural residents. In abiotic ecosystem services, the maximum willingness to pay in all three geographical splitted regions was recorded for river water quality, while lowest was recorded for Lake Area in urban and pooled data and for Leisure and entertainment in rural area. Similarly, for biotic ecosystem services, the maximum willingness to pay was recorded for Greenhouse gases effect in urban and for Agricultural product quality in rural and pooled data while lowest was recorded for Oasis in all three regions. The study also recommends that the government of China should act appropriately to make improvements in level of water quality and restoration of ecosystem services. Similarly, water should be made available to the consumers in its best possible state. Furthermore, in case of any disorder in water quality in some regions, inhabitants need to be informed on time. Moreover, to fulfil the requirements for water, water programs and policies should be planned on the basis of demand. While making any policy there should be diverse actions, keeping in view the residents of urban and rural areas as the results approved the heterogeneity in their preferences.

Muslims' experiences of equality recognition in Germany: Effects on identification with the larger society and on equality recognition of other societal subgroups.

Fostering the identification of societal minorities with the larger society is an essential political aim. In this article, we analyze whether minority members' perception of being recognized by society leads to a stronger identification with society, and whether this identification fosters more willingness to recognize other societal subgroups' members as equal members of society. Our analysis is based on both a cross-sectional (N = 1,059, 49% female, mean age = 31 years, 78% with migration background, i.e., first- to third-generation) and a longitudinal (N = 159, 57% female, mean age = 30 years, 76% with migration background) sample of Muslims living in Germany. Structural equation modeling and path analyses suggested that the perception to be recognized by society as equals yielded stronger identification with Germany. In contrast, the perception that one's needs are recognized had no effect on the identification with Germany, while the perception of achievement recognition even tended to decrease identification with Germany. Identification with Germany, in turn, led to an increased willingness of respondents to extend equality recognition to subgroups' members whose beliefs and/or practices our respondents (on average) disapproved. When the societal majority imparts to minorities a sense of being recognized as equals, this equality recognition colors the broader societal framework within which intergroup relations take shape. We further suggest that-if it is desired that subgroups identify with society-the most viable option is a multicultural model of society, which enables minorities to simultaneously retain their subgroup identity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Willingness to Pay as an Index of Direct Taxation for Restoration of Seaside Environment

Thermaic, Pagasetic and Saronic gulfs which surround the regional units of Thessaloniki, Magnesia and Attica respectively, do suffer from heavy pollution. In order to examine to what extend citizens of Thessaloniki, Volos and Piraeus were willing to pay (WTP) for restoration operations in their cities, questionnaires were given out. 240 individuals were interviewed, 80 people from each city were chosen to serve as a random sample and provide. The answers to various questions statistics show that volunteers in Volos are willing to pay more for the environmental recovery of the gulf, while respondents in Thessaloniki are willing to pay the least amount for the environmental restoration. Considering the results of this empirical analysis, it is safe to conclude that the respondents of the regional area of Thessaloniki would pay more money for the restoration of the gulf. At the same time they believe the protection of the sea is a significant issue. Respondents in close proximity to the sea declare that they would pay higher to restore it. It is also important to note that there are different parameters that affect the willingness of respondents to pay in each case. The above study, which has been conducted in three different areas of Greece aims to be part of a larger environmental protection plan and will hopefully be supported by every citizen, the Public Administration and Local Authorities.

317 Survey of veterinary student attitudes toward animal welfare and pain

Abstract Discrepancies in the background and training of veterinarians regarding the painfulness of procedures across species may impact their decision to use analgesia. The objective of this study was to investigate veterinary student attitudes toward pain and animal welfare. An electronic survey instrument was developed to assess demographic information, perceptions of animal welfare, concern with specific animal welfare issues, and estimation of pain scores on a scale of 1–10 for certain procedures and conditions. A subset of 131 responses from veterinary students were analyzed from an ongoing study involving 14 colleges of veterinary medicine in the United States and Canada. Results suggest that females believed more strongly that an animal welfare and ethics course should be part of the veterinary curriculum than males (P = 0.03). Respondent preparedness to discuss certain welfare topics differed based on background (farm/ranch, rural or urban community) (P ≤ 0.03) and year of veterinary school (P ≤ 0.02). Respondent willingness to administer pain management also differed by background (P = 0.04). Whether respondents had observed a veterinarian in practice properly administer pain medication to a food animal also differed by area of interest, background, and year in veterinary school (P ≤ 0.03). Assigned pain scores for bovine dystocia, bovine acute metritis, canine tail docking and porcine castration also differed by background (P ≤ 0.03). These data show that gender, background and the year of veterinary school should be considered when developing and standardizing the delivery of animal welfare topics across the veterinary curriculum.

Dental professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and practice behaviors related to human papillomavirus vaccination.

In Arizona, human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers are declining, with the exception of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). HPV-related OPC is largely caused by persistent infection with oncogenic HPV strains, many of which the 9-valent HPV vaccine offers protection. Little is known about dental professionals' willingness to promote the HPV vaccine to prevent OPC. The current study assessed Arizona dental professionals' knowledge, attitudes, willingness, and current practice behaviors related to HPV vaccine promotion. Responses between dentists and hygienists were also compared. A convenience sample of 711 dentists and hygienists attending a regional conference were recruited and asked to complete a 34-item survey assessing knowledge and attitudes about HPV, the HPV vaccine, HPV-related OPC, and their willingness to promote and administer the HPV vaccine. Fisher's exact tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for data analysis. Most respondents answered HPV knowledge questions correctly but did not know HPV-related OPC has a more favorable prognosis than other head and neck cancers. Dentists were more confident discussing and recommending the HPV vaccine. Both dentists and hygienists were willing to refer patients to their non-dental primary care providers for vaccination; however, they were less confident in administering the vaccine if it fell within their scope of practice. They reported willingness to receive training to recommend the vaccine. Given the willingness of respondents to receive training related to HPV vaccine communication, future research should develop and test talking points and communication training to aid dentists and hygienists in their promotion of the HPV vaccine.

When Evolution Works Against the Future: Disgust's Contributions to the Acceptance of New Food Technologies.

New food technologies have a high potential to transform the current resource‐consuming food system to a more efficient and sustainable one, but public acceptance of new food technologies is rather low. Such an avoidance might be maintained by a deeply preserved risk avoidance system called disgust. In an online survey, participants (N = 313) received information about a variety of new food technology applications (i.e., genetically modified meat/fish, edible nanotechnology coating film, nanotechnology food box, artificial meat/milk, and a synthetic food additive). Every new food technology application was rated according to the respondent's willingness to eat (WTE) it (i.e., acceptance), risk, benefit, and disgust perceptions. Furthermore, food disgust sensitivity was measured using the Food Disgust Scale. Overall, the WTE both gene‐technology applications and meat coated with an edible nanotechnology film were low and disgust responses toward all three applications were high. In full mediation models, food disgust sensitivity predicted the disgust response toward each new food technology application, which in turn influenced WTE them. Effects of disgust responses on the WTE a synthetic food additive were highest for and lowest for the edible nanotechnology coating film compared to the other technologies. Results indicate that direct disgust responses influence acceptance and risk and benefit perceptions of new food technologies. Beyond the discussion of this study, implications for future research and strategies to increase acceptance of new food technologies are discussed.

Total quality management practices and organizational performance in the construction chemicals companies in Jordan

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between total quality management practices and the organizational performance in the Jordanian construction chemicals companies.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, ten constructs were used to measure TQM practices, whereas six constructs were used to measure the organizational performance. A total of 160 questionnaires were distributed to 28 companies. Of these 131 questionnaires were completed and used for the analysis, representing a response rate of 81.9 percent.FindingsAnalysis has shown that TQM practices positively affect the organizational performance, with a significant value for top management commitment, customer focus, supplier management, process control and continuous improvement.Research limitations/implicationsResults were based on perceptual data provided by participants working in different sectors of the organization, which may not provide a clear picture. It would be appropriate to consider collecting information from several stakeholders such as customers and suppliers. Willingness of respondents and delivering data within time were a big challenge though efforts were made to guarantee the confidentiality of the respondents.Practical implicationsResults from this research points out that TQM is considered as a key-contributing factor to firm’s survival. It also provides empirical support that TQM implementation in manufacturing organizations contributes to the performance and survival of such organizations. This research also provides an understanding of the dynamic role of TQM practices that would help managers pay attention to the fundamental practices that have a direct impact on the firms’ performance. This will help the organizations to dedicate efforts and allocate resources to get the best long-term outcomes and to figure out their strengths and weaknesses to develop and implement a new strategy to enhance their competitive position.Originality/valueConstruction sector in Jordan is a competitive sector. Therefore, quality in such industry is vital. Many companies in Jordan have much interest in implementing TQM practices. However, research efforts related to this field are rare. No research papers investigating the relationship between TQM practices and performance in Jordanian construction chemicals companies have been found. This research, therefore, seeks to examine the relationship between TQM practices and the construction chemicals firms’ performance in Jordan.

Beauty ranking of mammalian species kept in the Prague Zoo: does beauty of animals increase the respondents' willingness to protect them?

Aesthetic preferences for animals correspond with the species' presence in the worldwide zoos and influence the conservation priorities. Here, we investigated the relationship between the willingness of respondents to protect mammals and some attributed characteristics such as their aesthetic beauty. Further, several methodological aspects of measuring mammalian beauty were assessed. Animal beauty was associated not only with the respondents' willingness to protect the species but also with its attributed dangerousness and usefulness. We found that the most preferred animals were carnivores and ungulates, whilst smaller species of rodents and afrosoricids were unpopular. The main characteristics determining that an animal will be ranked as beautiful were complex fur pattern and body shape. We demonstrated that the position of mammalian species along the 'beauty' axis is surprisingly stable, no matter the form (illustrations vs photographs), context of stimulus presentation (several number of stimuli per family vs one randomly selected species per family), or the method of beauty evaluation (relative order vs Likert's scale).

Midwest pharmacists' familiarity, experience, and willingness to provide pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV.

IntroductionPharmacist provision of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) through collaborative practice agreements with physicians could expand access to people at risk for HIV. We characterized pharmacists’ familiarity with and willingness to provide PrEP services in Nebraska and Iowa.MethodsAn invitation to complete an 18-question survey was emailed to 1,140 pharmacists in Nebraska and Iowa in June and July of 2016. Descriptive analyses and Pearson chi-square tests were used to determine to what extent demographics, familiarity and experience were associated with respondent willingness to provide PrEP. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests compared ages and years of experience between groups of respondents.ResultsOne hundred forty pharmacists (12.3%) responded. Less than half were familiar with the use of PrEP (42%) or the CDC guidelines for its use (25%). Respondents who were older (p = .015) and in practice longer (p = .005) were less likely to be familiar with PrEP. Overall, 54% indicated they were fairly or very likely to provide PrEP services as part of a collaborative practice agreement and after additional training. While familiarity with PrEP use or guidelines did not affect respondents’ willingness to provide PrEP, respondents were more likely to provide PrEP with prior experience counseling HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (OR 2.43; p = 0.023) or PrEP (OR 4.67; p = 0.013), and with prior HIV-related continuing education (OR 2.77; p = 0.032).ConclusionsPharmacist respondents in Nebraska and Iowa had limited familiarity and experience with PrEP, but most indicated willingness to provide PrEP through collaborative practice agreements after additional training. Provision of PrEP-focused continuing education may lead to increased willingness to participate in PrEP programs.

Perspective and practice of surgical atrial fibrillation ablation: an international survey of cardiac surgeons.

Despite recommendations stating that surgical atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is reasonable for patients with AF undergoing cardiac surgery for other indications, the clinical impact of this procedure remains unclear. We aimed to describe surgeons' practices and perceptions of this procedure. We built a self-administered survey in collaboration with content and methodology experts. We surveyed 268 cardiac surgeons from 80 centres in 18 countries. The response rate was 76% (n = 204/276), 49% from North America, 39% Europe, and 12% other regions. Respondents performed a median 10 [interquartile range (IQR) 4-30] AF ablation procedures/year, with marked variation in proportions of patients with AF considered for ablation (median 25%, IQR 10-61). 94% and 80% of surgeons respectively, thought symptomatic and asymptomatic patients benefit from ablation. Surgeons estimated the added major complication rate of concomitant AF ablation at 16% [median (IQR) 7-25]. Of participating surgeons, 61% believed that evidence supported surgical AF ablation reducing the incidence of thrombo-embolic complications, and 46% modified anticoagulation decision-making based on whether they performed AF ablation. During coronary artery bypass grafting, isolated pulmonary vein isolation was the most commonly performed lesion set (70%), whereas complete left atrial ablation (46%) and biatrial ablation (44%) were favoured with valve surgery. In a multinational group of academic surgeons, surgical AF ablation utilization appears variable, and average case volumes are low. Despite no evidence to that effect, the majority believe that ablation reduces AF-related thrombo-embolic risk of patients. Reported practice patterns suggest clinical equipoise; a definitive trial appears feasible based on respondent willingness to participate.

Assessing polypharmacy in the general older population: Comparison of findings from a health survey and health insurance data

Introduction Polypharmacy (i.e. the use of multiple drugs administered to the same patient) is common in the older population and an important public health problem. Usually polypharmacy measures are based on billing data, and only reimbursed medicines are considered. In Belgium, however, polypharmacy is also assessed through a systematic recording of all medicines used in the past 24 hours among respondents of the national Health Interview Survey (HIS). This method has two major advantages. First, it is based on actual use of medicines, not on the prescription of medicines. Moreover, it also takes into account non-reimbursed medicines, such as e.g. benzodiazepines. The method also has disadvantages. It is based on a population sample, hence a selection bias is possible. Furthermore, the completeness of the information depends on the willingness of respondents to show to the interviewer all medicines that were used in the past 24 hours. Finally, the method does not allow taking into account the chronicity and the volume of the use of medicines. In this study a HIS based polypharmacy indicator was compared with a similar indicator based on health insurance data. Methods Data from the Belgian HIS 2008 were linked with data from the Belgian mandatory health insurance. Only the population of 65 years and older was considered (n = 2722). From both data sources an indicator was created with 3 categories: no polypharmacy (0–4 medicines), polypharmacy (5–8 medicines) and excessive polypharmacy (9+ medicines). Information on the date of dispensary of the medicine, the number of packages supplied, the quantity per package and the daily defined dose were used to define an active medicine in the health insurance database on the date of the interview. To assess the selection bias an indicator was created from a completely random sample of the health insurance (n = 46,376). For each individual in this sample, polypharmacy was calculated at a random date in 2008 in the same way as in the linked HIS sample. Determinants of polypharmacy were explored through a generalized ordered logit model. Agreement between the HIS and the insurance-based indicator was assessed with kappa statistics and a conditional logistic regression model. Results The insurance-based estimates for polypharmacy and excessive polypharmacy were, respectively, 25% and 4.4% in the HIS sample, and 23% and 4.2% in the random health insurance sample. The HIS based method yielded estimates of respectively 25% and 8.4%. Age, suffering from a chronic disease, region, number of contacts with a general practitioner and a hospitalisation in the past year were significantly associated with polypharmacy, regardless of the measurement method. Educational attainment was only a significant determinant of the HIS based polypharmacy indicator. The weighted kappa, assessing the agreement between the indicators calculated by both methods, was 0.369 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.363–0.397). The odds of classifying excessive polypharmacy and polypharmacy versus no polypharmacy was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.08–1.76) times higher for the HIS than for the insurance-based indicator. For excessive polypharmacy versus polypharmacy and no polypharmacy this was 2.56 (95% CI: 1.55–4.23) times. Conclusions The HIS based method yielded higher rates of polypharmacy in the general older population than an indicator based on billing data. This higher rate was not the result of a selection bias but could have been due to the fact that the HIS based method also takes into account non-reimbursed medicines. As a HIS based indicator considers medicines that are actually consumed, rather than those that are prescribed, it is a more relevant indicator from a public health perspective. Although the systematic collection of information on medicines that are taken during a national health survey increases the burden of the fieldwork, it is an added value for the assessment of polypharmacy in the general population.

FEASIBILITY OF CARPOOLING SCHEME DEVELOPMENT IN BANDUNG CITY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TRAVELERS PREFERENCE

The imbalance between supply and demand in Bandung City transport system has been the cause of the declining of this city transport performance. Supply approach by increasing road network capacity is considered as no longer effective due to limited developable road space. Demand approach seems to be a prospective solution to the problem. Among others, carpooling is considered as a promising scheme to reduce traffic volume by increasing average vehicle occupancy rate. The scheme is developed by attracting some travelers whose trip destination are in one corridor to join the same vehicle. This research figures out the feasibility of the implementation of carpooling scheme from the traveler preferences point of view. Based on Arcamanik Residential Area, Bandung City, the result of the research shows that this scheme is potential to be implemented with the percentage of respondent willingness to change mode in the beginning is 93%. However, after ride matching was introduced, respondents willing to join this scheme decline to 71% on leaving and 79% on the way back home. This research furthermore identifies some constraints in fulfilling traveler preference on carpooling scheme. The constraints are on the point to point pick-up system and walking distance preference that cannot totally be fulfilled.

Determining training and education needs pertaining to highly infectious disease preparedness and response: A gap analysis survey of US emergency medical services practitioners

The Ebola virus disease outbreak highlighted the lack of consistent guidelines and training for workers outside of hospital settings. Specifically, emergency medical services (EMS) workers, who are frequently the first professionals to evaluate patients, often do not have advanced notice of patient diagnosis, and have limited time in their national curricula devoted to highly infectious disease (HID) identification and containment. All of these can place them at increased risk. To explore the depth of US EMS practitioners' HID training and education, a pilot gap analysis survey was distributed to determine where the aforementioned can be bolstered to increase occupational safety. Electronic surveys were distributed to EMS organization members. The survey collected respondent willingness to encounter HID scenarios; current policies and procedures; and levels of knowledge, training, and available resources to address HIDs. A total of 2,165 surveys were initiated and collected. Eighty percent of frontline personnel were aware that their agency had an HID standard operating guideline. Almost 85% of respondents correctly marked routes of exposure for select HIDs. More than half of respondents indicated no maximum shift times in personal protective equipment. This research suggests EMS practitioners could benefit from enhanced industry-specific education, training, and planning on HID mitigation and management. Strengthening EMS preparedness in response to suspected or confirmed HID cases may not only improve patient outcomes, but also worker and community safety.

GAYA HIDUP REMAJA PENGGUNA SMARTPHONE DI KOTA MALANG

The purpose of this study had identify and analyze the youth lifestyle Smartphone users in Malang. The usefulness of this research can be used as the basis for the company's consideration in developing Smartphone products produced and tailored to the consumer'lifestyle. Population in this study is that consumers Smartphone users in Malang, with characteristics that respondents who have entered in the category of age and adolescents, using judgmental sampling techniques can then be determined as many as 100 sample. Data analysis techniques used in this research is the analysis of the cluster. From the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded that the cluster I have a characteristic that is the willingness of respondents to support the work ruitn performed, work or routine activities are carried out, the development of information media, the activities undertaken by a person as a source of income, neighborhood closest to a person , always had a desire to buy the latest products, more priority to the purchase of goods after the wants rather than needs, support penampilandan add relationships / peer. Cluster III has the characteristic that the respondent wishes to keep up with technology, where it makes the respondent is always working to get information lengkao by utilizing technological developments.

Development and application of performance improvement verification model: a case study of an e-learning system

Many researchers have employed fuzzy linguistic scales to measure customer fuzzy perceptions and increase the reliability of their research. However, complex response methods may affect the precision of responses and the willingness of respondents. Thus, based on the concepts of distance and probability, we propose a simple response method for fuzzy linguistic scales to address these issues. In addition to a performance evaluation matrix to quickly identify items in need of improvement, we included order statistics and nonparametric statistics in a performance improvement verification model that solves the problems posed by sample size differences in pre- and post-improvement. This model is also applicable when the population does not follow a normal distribution. Finally, we used a case study with a CALL system to demonstrate the application of the proposed model, which fulfils the spirit of continuing improvement in total quality management.

Socijalna distanca većinske populacije prema slepim osobama pre tri decenije i danas

Social distance is operationalized as the willingness of respondents to accept or reject a particular social relationship with members of the target group. Comparison of available empirical findings on the social distance towards the blind at several points of time did not lead to unambiguous conclusions. Therefore, we fully repeated the research from 1983. The aim was to determine the changes in the order of questions in the scale and the differences in social distance toward the blind for the complete scale and each of the items in the studies conducted in 1983 and 2016. In both studies the same modified Bogardus scale was used in a quota sample of adults. The results show that the closest social relationships (marriage and intimate relationships) are still at the top of the scale. Several items in the scale have changed ranking significantly (superiors at work, sharing hotel rooms, killing blind-born children). Values of the Chi-square test showed that there are significant differences in the complete scale and in the following relations: sharing hotel rooms (significantly increased distance), child marriage, child education, help in the street, municipality councilor, superiors at work, living in special institutions (significant reduction in distance). Qualitative analysis showed that the motivational basis for accepting and rejecting relationships with blind persons is less irrational today than three decades ago. Although smaller social distance in the recent study can partly be attributed to a lower degree of aggressiveness of respondents compared to that from the previous study, the fact that the explanations of answers today are far more rational than three decades ago shows that positive changes have actually occurred.

State-of-the-art of incentive strategies – Implications for longitudinal travel surveys

There is a slow but steady decline in the willingness of respondents to participate in surveys. The provision of incentives is a possible strategy to motivate respondents and thus reduce non-response. Overall, incentives are found to increase response rates effectively, but the extent of the impact of incentives varies with the characteristics of the survey. By performing a literature review, we contribute to the general understanding of how incentive strategies can best be used in longitudinal household surveys. We complement our state-of-the-art review with lessons learned in the Netherlands Mobility Panel (household panel that was set-up to study the short-run and long-run dynamics in the travel behaviour of Dutch individuals and households) with respect to respondents’ knowledge of the type of incentives, combination of different types of incentives, and the impact of changes in incentive strategies.

Economic evaluation of recreational use of forests roads on the example of Pisek City Forests Ltd.

Abstract An additional objective of the research, which was a part of the project “Quantification of the Effect of the Selected Forest Enterprise on the Local Economy of the Region” of the Internal Grant Agency (IGA) of Mendel University in Brno conducted in 2016 was a large case study of the property of Pisek City Forests Ltd. This article is focused on surveying the willingness of area visitors to pay for usage of the recreational function of forests and evaluation of the used method. The evaluated part of the questionnaire survey was based on the method of contingent valuation founded on the willingness of respondents to pay for recreational function. It was found in the results of the questionnaire survey that visitors are not very willing to pay for recreational function, and it is especially because forests in the area of Pisek City Forests Ltd. are perceived as public assets and thus access to them should be without fee. Furthermore, there were problems found with the method. Thus it is necessary to find a new way of evaluation of the recreational potential of the area.

Awareness of and Attitudes toward Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Adults in Korea: 9-Year Changes in Nationwide Surveys.

PurposeHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been included in the National Immunization Program in Korea since 2016. We aimed to evaluate changes in the awareness of and attitudes toward HPV vaccination, among adults in Korea since the first introduction of the vaccines in 2007.Materials and MethodsA nationwide population-based survey was conducted in 2016 for 1,200 nationally representative Korean men and women; the data obtained were compared with the data from the nationwide survey conducted in 2007.ResultsA significant increase in the awareness of HPV infection (35.8%) and vaccination (36.9%) was observed in 2016 from 13.3% and 8.6% in 2007, respectively. Willingness to be vaccinated against HPV decreased from 55.0% in 2007 to 25.8% in 2016, and the proportion of respondents expressing uncertainty increased from 28.3% in 2007 to 43.3% in 2016. Only 12.1% of men and 22.0% of women knew about the free national HPV vaccination program for girls, launched in June 2016. Younger women, with higher income level, awareness of the HPV vaccine, and perception of the seriousness of infections had a higher willingness to be vaccinated. A high education level, awareness of HPV infection and vaccination, and perception of the seriousness of infection were positively associated with the willingness of respondents to vaccinate their daughters.ConclusionRaising the awareness of HPV infection and vaccination with appropriate knowledge is necessary for the successful implementation of the national HPV vaccination program.

基于选择实验的三江平原湿地生态系统服务功能价值评价及偏好异质性研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于选择实验的三江平原湿地生态系统服务功能价值评价及偏好异质性研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201604120669 作者: 作者单位: 东北农业大学 管理科学与工程系,东北农业大学 管理科学与工程系,东北农业大学,东北农业大学,东北农业大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（71171044） Evaluation of preference heterogeneity of ecosystem services in the Sanjiang Plain Wetlands based on choice experiments Author: Affiliation: Department of Management Science and Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Department of Management Science and Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Northeast Agricultural University,Northeast Agricultural University, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:维持与保护生态系统服务功能是实现可持续发展的基础，定量评价湿地生态系统服务功能的经济价值已成为当前生态学领域研究的前沿课题。以三江平原湿地为研究对象，应用选择实验法，选取湿地面积、生物多样性、水源涵养和自然景观等4项湿地属性，运用随机参数Logit模型（RPL）对其进行货币化评价，并结合潜在分类模型（LCM）证实并解释公众对湿地生态系统服务功能的偏好异质性。研究结果显示：湿地生态系统服务功能的价值依次为水源涵养 > 湿地面积 > 生物多样性 > 自然景观。对于维持当前各项湿地生态系统服务功能的总价值为14.61亿元/a，改善价值为98.58亿元/a。此外，研究发现受访者可分为资源偏好型、景观偏好型和价格敏感型等3个潜在类别，不同类型的群体对湿地生态系统服务功能存在不同偏好；女性和更高学历的受访者更偏好于资源保护，高收入和到景区旅游次数多的受访者更偏好于景观保护，而教育和收入水平越低的受访者更倾向于选择价格较低的湿地管理方案。研究有助于湿地可持续管理政策的优化设计，为相关环境政策的制定提供理论依据。 Abstract:Maintenance and protection of ecosystem services are the basis for achieving sustainable development. Quantitative assessment of the economic value of wetland ecosystem services has become one of leading topics in the field of ecology. Choice experiments (CE) comprise an important non-market resource value evaluation technique, which are carried out by eliciting responses from individuals in hypothetical markets. CEs also enable researchers to measure a respondent's Willingness to Accept (WTA) compensation or Willingness to Pay (WTP) a premium for different characteristics of one product, and to analyze the relative value of a combination of different attributes from various alternatives by using econometric models. As CEs are most likely to reveal respondents' preferences for goods or services, such experiments have become a widespread means of ecological valuation. The purpose of this paper is to assist policy makers in formulating efficient and sustainable wetland management policies by providing the results of a valuation study on the Sanjiang Plain Wetlands. A CE was employed to estimate the values that changes to ecosystem service functions of the Sanjiang Plain Wetlands could provide to the public. We estimated partial values for wetland conservation, with a focus on wetland size, biodiversity, water conservation, and natural landscapes, among a myriad of wetland ecosystem services. A random parameter logit (RPL) model was employed to evaluate the ecosystem services in monetary units, and a latent class model (LCM) was employed to confirm and account for heterogeneity in the preferences of the public for various wetland ecosystem service functions. Compensating surplus welfare measures were also estimated for management scenarios representing changes in the quality and quantity of wetland ecosystem services. The results reveal that:(1) the relative wetland ecosystem valuation results of each wetland attribute are as follows:water conservation > wetland area > biodiversity > natural landscape. The relative contribution degree of each wetland attribute to the environment follows the same pattern.(2) The total WTP is RMB 1.461 billion per year in order to maintain the current wetland ecosystem service functions of the Sanjiang Plain Wetlands, and RMB 9.858 billion per year to improve them. (3) There is considerable preference heterogeneity across the public, which derives significant positive values from sustainable wetland management. We were able to divide respondents into three categories:those who preferred protecting resources, those who preferred protecting the landscape, and those who were price-sensitive. Female respondents and highly educated respondents preferred resource conservation, while respondents with higher incomes and those who had travelled more number of times to the Sanjiang Plain Wetlands preferred landscape protection. However, respondents with lower education and income levels were more sensitive to costs, and preferred to choose alternatives with lower cost. These results can aid in the design of socially optimal policies for sustainable management of wetlands and provide a theoretical basis for the development of environment-related policies. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献