William County Research Articles

Saving Firefighters: Inova Schar Cancer Institute Partners with the Prince William County Fire Department

Saving Firefighters: Inova Schar Cancer Institute Partners with the Prince William County Fire Department

Vaccine Attitudes and Uptake Among Latino Residents of a Former COVID-19 Hotspot

Abstract: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified Prince William County (PWC), Va. as a hotspot with a high disease rate among Latinos. This study uses spatial, survey, and qualitative data to understand attitudes towards vaccine uptake among PWC Latinos. A quantitative analysis (n=266) estimates the association for vaccine acceptance among Latinos. Next, qualitative interviews with Latinos (n=37) examine vaccine attitudes. Finally, a spatial analysis identifies clusters of social vulnerability and low vaccine uptake in PWC and adjacent counties. Our findings show that a substantial proportion of PWC Latinos had low vaccination rates as of December 2022, two years after the vaccine's release. Side effects and safety and approval concerns were cited in both the quantitative and qualitative studies. Persistent vaccine disparities are concerning given the high hospitalization and mortality rates that prevailed among Latinos early in the pandemic.

Fracking Evictions: Housing Instability in a Fossil Fuel Boomtown

In 2019, North Dakota accounted for 11% of American oil production. Rural counties like Williams County, ND experienced rapid in-migration of oilfield workers and, consequently, acute housing shortages. Williams County provides an excellent opportunity to study the relationship between commodity booms and housing instability because its housing market is tied so tightly to the production of a single commodity. While fracking is often presented as an economic boon to these communities, we show that Williams County has experienced “rural gentrification,” in which long-term residents are displaced by higher-income workers linked to the oilfields. To explore housing instability in an oil boomtown, this project links oil production statistics with evictions data and individual-level address histories. By showing how housing instability increased during the oil boom, this study contributes to our understanding of how rural communities are affected by extractive industry and how housing markets respond to rapid economic changes.

Seasonality of Mosquitoes in North Dakota, 2003-2006, with Four New State Records.

Thirty-seven species and subspecies of mosquitoes were identified from 3,580,610 specimens collected in eastern (Cass, Nelson, and Richland counties) and western (Williams County) North Dakota in 2003-2006. Four species were new state records (Aedes schizopinax, Psorophora ciliata, Ps. ferox, and Ps. horrida). Aedes vexans was dominant (82.9%). Other relatively abundant species were Ae. trivittatus (7.7%), Ae. melanimon (2.7%), Culex tarsalis (2.6%), Ae. dorsalis (1.6%), Ae. sticticus (1.0), and Culiseta inornata (0.9%). The seasonality of the species is presented.

Randersonia Chamorro, a new genus with two new species of North American Cryptorhynchinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

A new North American genus Randersonia Chamorro with two new species, Randersonia cartwrighti Chamorro & Presnall sp. n. from Prince William County, Virginia, USA and Randersonia schwarzi Chamorro & Presnall sp. n. from Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico are described. The unique specimen of R. cartwrighti was collected under deer droppings in 1965 and the only known specimens of R. schwarzi were collected more than 109 years ago in 1912. An updated couplet is provided for use in the key to genera in American Beetles as well as a key to the species of Randersonia. A short discussion is included regarding veracity of collections. Habitus photographs are included.

First Report of Beech Leaf Disease, Caused by Litylenchus crenatae mccannii, on American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) in Virginia.

Beech leaf disease (BLD) was first reported in 2012 in Lake County, Ohio on American beech trees (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). Since then, it spread across the Northeastern United States and has been reported from Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Maine, West Virginia, and Ontario, Canada (Carta et al. 2020; Mara and LaMondia 2020, Reid et al. 2020). The symptoms of BLD are characterized by dark interveinal banding of leaves appearing soon after spring flush that become chlorotic and necrotic through autumn, resulting in canopy thinning in advanced stages, followed in some young trees by death. Litylenchus crenatae mccannii has similar morphological characteristics with Litylenchus crenatae (Kanzaki et al. 2019) reported on Fagus crenata from Japan. However that beech species has not shown BLD symptoms or yielded any L. crenatae mccannii in North America. There are several morphological differences between the two. The North American subspecies have shorter post-uterine sac, narrower body width in mature females, shorter tail in immature females, longer tail in mature females, and longer stylet in males when compared to the Japanese subspecies (Carta et al. 2020). BLD symptoms were found on American beech trees in Prince William Forest Park, Prince William County, Virginia in June, 2021. The affected leaves contained females, males, and juveniles with morphometrics consistent with L. crenatae mccannii (Carta et al. 2020). The crude genomic DNA from a live single Litylenchus was prepared with freeze-thaw lysis (Carta and Li, 2019). The ITS PCR were performed by using the procedures and primer set, ITS-CL-F2 and 28S-CL-R described in the previous study (Carta and Li, 2020). The visualization, the cleanup and the direct DNA sequencing of the PCR products were performed by using the procedures described in the previous studies (Carta and Li, 2018 and 2019). Sequences were submitted to GenBank as accessions MZ611855 and MZ611856. This represents the first report of BLD in Virginia. It is also approximately 300 miles south of the 2020 detection of BLD from New Cumberland, WV, and represents the southernmost detection of the disease and nematode in North America. The author(s) declare no conflict of interest. References Carta, L.K., Li, S. 2018. Improved 18S small subunit rDNA primers for problematic nematode amplification. Journal of Nematology. 50, 533-542. Carta, L.K., Li, S. 2019. PCR amplification of a long rDNA segment with one primer pair in agriculturally important nematodes. Journal of Nematology. 51, e2019-26. Carta, L.K., Li, S. 2020. Improvement of long segment ribosomal PCR amplification for the molecular taxonomic identification of Litylenchus crenatae mccannii in beech trees with beech leaf disease. Journal of Nematology. 52, e2020-016. Kanzaki, N., Ichihara, Y., Aikawa, T., Ekino, T., Masuya, H. 2019. Litylenchus crenatae n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Anguinidae), a leaf gall nematode parasitising Fagus crenata Blume Nematology 21 (1), 5-22. http://www.brill.com/nematology doi: 10.1163/15685411-00003190 Marra, R.E., LaMondia, J. 2020. First report of beech leaf disease, caused by the foliar nematode, Litylenchus crenatae mccannii, on American beech (Fagus grandifolia) in Connecticut. Plant Disease (early view). https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-20-0442-PDN Reed, S. E., Greifenhagen, S., Yu, Q., Hoke A., Burke D. J., Carta L. K., Handoo Z.A., Kantor, M.R., Koch, J. 2020. Foliar nematode, Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii, population dynamics in leaves and buds of beech leaf disease-affected trees in Canada and the US. Forest Pathology 50 (3), e12599.

The Powhatan Landscape: An Archaeological History of the Algonquian Chesapeake

The Powhatan Landscape: An Archaeological History of the Algonquian Chesapeake

Thrice Condemned: Enslaved Women, Violence, and the Practice of Leniency in Antebellum Virginia Courts

Thrice Condemned: Enslaved Women, Violence, and the Practice of Leniency in Antebellum Virginia Courts Tamika Y. Nunley (bio) During the Christmas holidays of 1856, Prince William County local G. A. Hutchison stumbled upon a fire that was consuming the home of George E. Green. As Hutchison approached the burning house, he discovered to his horror what was described as the “charred spine & pelvis of an adult.” Hutchison proceeded down the path from the house to the barn, where he found traces of blood smeared along the road and on the slats that lined the gate. Evidence of blood, broken gates, and a split latch gave indication that a struggle had occurred before the fire. A blood-stained hatchet that survived the fire confirmed suspicions of a “scuffle.” An enslaved woman named Nelly, along with her children, Betsy and James, and her grandchildren, Elias and Ellen, were jailed and charged with the murder of their owner, George E. Green. The court identified Nelly as the ringleader.1 This article examines the homicides of white Virginians and the enslaved women held responsible for their deaths. The cases included in this study focus on murder and attempted murder as a primary form of enslaved women’s resistance. From the perspective of the enslaved, the legal and personal meanings of resistance served as moments of retribution that contested the years of wrongs inflicted on their lives, minds, and [End Page 5] bodies—their own articulations of justice, even as the law categorized these actions as crimes. In some instances, enslaved women accused of murder avoided the death penalty and, instead, received a commuted sentence. Deemed the most egregious of crimes, murder cases reveal the gendered contours of leniency in cases involving enslaved women. The cases highlight what nineteenth-century jurists referred to as acts of “leniency” or “mercy” in their deliberations over sentencing. Historian Philip J. Schwarz has definitively characterized the experiences of enslaved people accused of crimes as “twice condemned” by southern law and slavery, but here, I show how in criminal cases enslaved women were thrice condemned when gender is taken into consideration, even with the prospect of clemency.2 More specifically, trial records, governors’ papers, and local newspapers reveal the multilayered contexts in which courts, locals, and the news accounted for the gendered contexts of enslaved women’s lives and applied racialized gender stereotypes either to strengthen or to undermine the case for condemnation. Murder trials involving enslaved women and white Virginians illuminate competing ideas about the relationship of gender, paternalism, and leniency and, more specifically, about the contradictions built into the meaning and the administration of justice in antebellum Virginia. Indeed, these cases underscore that enslaved women employed their own understandings of justice after years of gendered exploitation and violence. Before the emergence of scholarship about slave resistance, enslaved women were largely regarded as the least likely to engage in the most visible forms of resistance, despite the general knowledge of these incidents among antebellum Virginians. The cases analyzed in this article show not only that gender did not presuppose violent responses toward white southerners but also that ideas about gender, race, age, and sex influenced local opinion and the possibilities for a commuted sentence. Reports of bondpeople on trial for murder fortified white fears of alleged and actual violent retaliation. As Schwarz argues, slave laws, local customs, and the grievances of slaveholders changed over time as a result of the actions of the enslaved. Furthermore, he demonstrates that resistance not only exposed the volatility of slavery but also inspired initiatives to reorient and adjust laws to counteract the actions of the enslaved.3 In instances that led to trial, Ariela J. Gross observes, the [End Page 6] paradox of “double character” or slaves’ “double identity” as human and “property” became increasingly apparent, causing southerners to contend with the contradictions of slave law.4 Malick W. Ghachem refers to this contradiction as “the slave’s two bodies,” or the tension between the legal fiction of human property and personhood that pervades the liberal themes of southern law.5 In the cases that are the focus of this article, however, the racial, gendered, and sexual conditions of...

Check List of Identified Lepidoptera Collected at Mud Lake State Nature Preserve, Williams County, Ohio

Check List of Identified Lepidoptera Collected at Mud Lake State Nature Preserve, Williams County, Ohio

Concussion Rates in U.S. Middle School Athletes, 2015–2016 School Year

Concussion incidence estimates in middle school sports settings are limited. This study examines concussion incidence in nine U.S. middle schools during the 2015-2016 school year. Concussion data originated from nine public middle schools in Prince William County, Virginia, during the 2015-2016 school year. Certified athletic trainers collected concussion and athlete exposure (AE) data in school-sanctioned games and practices in boys' baseball, basketball, football, soccer, track, and wrestling; and girls' basketball, cheerleading, soccer, softball, track, and volleyball. Athletic trainers also acquired data on non-school sanctioned sport concussions. In 2017, concussion rates were calculated per 1,000 AEs. Injury rate ratios with 95% CIs compared rates between games and practices and by sex. Overall, 73 concussions were reported, of which 21.9% were from non-school sanctioned sport settings. The 57 remaining game and practice concussions were reported during 76,384 AEs, for a concussion rate of 0.75/1,000 AEs. Football had the highest concussion rate (2.61/1,000 AEs). Concussion rates were higher in games versus practices (injury rate ratio=1.83, 95% CI=1.06, 3.15), and in girls versus boys in sex-comparable sports, i.e., baseball/softball, basketball, soccer, and track (injury rate ratio=3.73, 95% CI=1.24, 11.23). Current findings parallel those found in high school and college sports settings in that higher concussion rates were reported in girls and competitions. However, concussion rates exceeded those recently reported in high school and youth league settings, highlighting the need for continued research in the middle school sports setting. Given that one in five concussions were from non-school sanctioned sport settings, prevention efforts in middle school sports settings should consider sport and non-sport at-risk exposure.

Black Immigrants, Perceptions of Difference, and the Abiding Sting of Blackness

Research Article| October 01 2016 Black Immigrants, Perceptions of Difference, and the Abiding Sting of Blackness Milton Vickerman Milton Vickerman Milton Vickerman is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Virginia. He is the author of Crosscurrents: West Indian Immigrants and Race (Oxford University Press, 1999), The Problem of Post-Racialism (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), and co-editor, with Hephzibah Strmic-Pawl, of “Race and Ethnic Relations: Continuity and Change” (Cognella, forthcoming). He was also co-researcher on a large-scale project that investigated one of the earliest efforts by a local government to pass anti-Latino immigration legislation. This research is summarized in Evaluation Study of Prince William County’s Illegal Immigration Enforcement Policy: Final Report 2010 (Prince William County Police Department and the University of Virginia Center for Survey Research, 2010), which he co-authored with Thomas M. Guterbock, Christopher S. Koper, Bruce Taylor, Karen E. Walker, and Timothy Carter. In other ongoing research on Latinos, Vickerman is investigating employer-Latino relations in new gateways. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of American Ethnic History (2016) 36 (1): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.5406/jamerethnhist.36.1.0071 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Milton Vickerman; Black Immigrants, Perceptions of Difference, and the Abiding Sting of Blackness. Journal of American Ethnic History 1 January 2016; 36 (1): 71–81. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/jamerethnhist.36.1.0071 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of American Ethnic History Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2016 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2016 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: African and Afro-Caribbean Migration: A Forum on Violet Showers Johnson’s “When Blackness Stings: African and Afro-Caribbean Immigrants, Race, and Racism in Late Twentieth-Century America” You do not currently have access to this content.

Sharing the Educational Wealth: A Nursing and Health Informatics Program Collaboration.

Sharing the Educational Wealth:A Nursing and Health Informatics Program Collaboration Robin Brewster, DNP, RN, AGNP-BC (bio), Cathleen Scully, DNP, RN, AGNP-BC (bio), Anam Saeed, BS (bio), Shreyi Rimal Chhetri, BS (bio), and Laura Irigoyen, BS (bio) With the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010, health information technology became identified as a strategic focus for improving patient care and lowering health care costs.1 Health care needs are projected to require significant expansion of the informatics workforce.2 A CompTIA workforce study of 1,061 global information technology (IT) managers found that the majority of organizations felt that gaps in IT skill sets significantly affected their business operations.3 Educational programs must provide the training to meet those workforce needs, covering the full range of IT expertise and skill sets required to fill those identified gaps. These programs must be able to provide hands-on training in functioning health care sites to be effective3, and must include components of data quality management, confidentiality and security, and secondary uses of clinical data and information.4 Securing appropriate clinical sites is a challenge for every educational program, but becomes especially difficult when the targeted clinical expertise involves access to protected health information (PHI). George Mason University’s College of Health and Human Services has developed a unique and effective approach to providing clinical experiences for health care informatics technology (HIT) students by forming a collaboration between the School of Nursing and the Health Informatics program. This collaboration was piloted in the summer of 2015, and involved three undergraduate Health Informatics students working with the data manager of the Mason and Partner (MAP) clinics. The pilot placement of informatics interns into primary care clinics is an example of [End Page xiv] the transdisciplinary model of care that the Association of Clinicians for the Underserved advocates for optimal care to the underserved (ACU, clinicians.org). Not only were the interns taught the daily operations of a clinic system supported by federal, state, and private grant funds, they were also able to see the realities and challenges of using the data generated. They also profited when they transmitted what they had learned to others: There is no better “real world” experience for an intern than observing and teaching the other clinical students how to use an EHR system. Mason and Partner Clinics Since October 2013, the George Mason University School of Nursing, located in Fairfax County, Virginia, has successfully launched three academic nurse-managed health clinics in partnership with Fairfax County, Prince William County (Virginia), the local school systems, community centers, the local health department in Prince William County, and the Medical Reserve Corps in these two counties. The purpose of the MAP clinics is to provide a network of weekly health care clinics managed by nursing faculty with collaborative care provided by Mason nursing students and students from various other health-related disciplines. The clinics provide community-based health care to low-income, uninsured, immigrant, and other vulnerable populations using an interprofessional treatment team approach. The clinics have two main goals: To provide interprofessional practice sites in community-based settings for student clinical/field experiences, and to increase access to low-cost primary health care with an emphasis on education and referral to improve health care measures. These clinics are staffed by Mason nurse practitioner (NP) faculty (primary care and behavioral health), other faculty acting in support roles (pharmacy and education), and students (graduate and undergraduate) in clinical practicums for a variety of programs, including nursing, psychology, nutrition, and social work. Each MAP clinic provides care to approximately 25 patients each day. Over the course of the 200+ days the clinics have operated, they have provided health care services to over 3,800 unique patients, ranging from newborn to age 96 years, speaking 32 languages, and encompassing all race categories. This academic-community clinic requires unique IT setup and support. The IT setup and data management are performed by a single data manager and are designed to provide a mobile, self-contained IT solution (i.e., the computers and Internet access are transported to the site each clinic day and configured/scaled securely to support the specific services...

Ordinary: King William County, VA, October 15, 2011, and: The Measure of Loss

Ordinary: King William County, VA, October 15, 2011, and: The Measure of Loss

Disaster Preparedness Pays Dividends

One utility's years‐long effort toward resiliency and enhanced utility management paid off in a crisis situation last fall. Now, with an established, proactive approach in place, the Prince William County (Va.) Service Authority is well prepared for water and wastewater emergencies.

Proactive Measures Stem Tide of Water Loss

The Prince William County (Va.) Service Authority continually strives to optimize revenue, reduce costs, and improve environmental stewardship. Minimizing water loss is an important part of that effort.

Restoring Law and (Racial) Order to the Old Dominion

In 2006, cities and counties across the USA began adopting ‘Illegal Immigration Relief Acts’ to relieve themselves of the economic and social burden that undocumented immigrants were allegedly presenting. By restricting the access of undocumented residents to housing, jobs and social services, local ordinances would encourage undocumented residents to ‘self-deport’ from the locality if not from the nation. Highly contentious, politically and juridically, local anti-illegal immigration laws have divided communities. Proponents maintain that such laws merely uphold the ‘rule of law’, while opponents see them as thinly veiled efforts to drive out Latin American residents, with immigration status serving as a proxy for race. A growing body of scholarship examines local anti-immigrant law and offers significant insights into the causes and undeniably racialized effects of these laws. Yet the issue of racism requires more scholarly attention. Critical race theory holds that all racisms are historically particular and must be examined as expressive of particular conjunctures. To that end, this essay develops a theoretically informed and historically grounded analysis of local anti-immigration law. It establishes local and national interests in local anti-immigrant law and explains how these interests converge. Through a case study of Prince William County (PWC), Virginia, I examine local anti-immigrant activism and connect them to larger political shifts in the contemporary USA. I argue that local white propertied interests converge with national conservative and federalist interests in the county's anti-illegal immigrant law. The essay seeks to demonstrate the value of bringing cultural studies methodology to bear on (local) immigration law.

Improved Conductivity and Proppant Applications in the Bakken Formation

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 163849, ’Investigation of Improved Conductivity and Proppant Applications in the Bakken Formation,’ by Bethany Kurz, SPE, Energy and Environmental Research Center, Darren Schmidt, SPE, and Phil Cortese, SPE, Weatherford, prepared for the 2013 SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, 4-6 February. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Production from the Bakken and Three Forks formations within the Williston basin is continuing to climb as a result of applied horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Key to increased oil production is the evolution of reservoir-stimulation techniques, such as fracturing-fluid systems and proppant types. This study evaluated the key factors that may result in conductivity loss within the Bakken and Three Forks reservoirs. The results of this work suggest that certain fluids may affect both rock and proppant strength and, therefore, require consideration. Introduction This work was conducted in an effort to answer questions regarding reservoir stimulation in the Bakken petroleum system, specifically with respect to conductivity loss in hydraulic fractures over time. The key questions that were evaluated include Can conductivity loss be attributed to proppant degradation, rock strength, or both? What role do fluids have in affecting propped-fracture conductivity? To what extent does fluid exposure affect the degradation of rock strength and proppant performance? How do various proppants perform relative to one another under stress using actual core samples from the Bakken petroleum system? Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of Bakken and Three Forks formation cores to various fluids; to evaluate the strength of Ottawa sand, an unspecified premium precured resin-coated sand (RCS), and a lightweight ceramic proppant (Econoprop) with respect to various fluids; and to measure the relative laboratory conductivity performance of propped fractures using actual rock core. Fluids used in experiments to examine potential strength degradation for both rock and proppant included the following: Slickwater—a mixture of polyacrylamide and fresh water Crosslinked gel—guar-polymer thickening agent, borate crosslinker, and fresh water Gelled diesel—diesel fuel and phosphate ester Bakken-formation crude—crude oil Bakken-formation brine—highly concentrated saltwater The fluids were selected on the basis of the most common fluids expected to be encountered in the Bakken formation. Embedment Brinell-hardness-index testing is a measure of rock strength that is determined by embedding a metal ball into formation rock at a given applied load. This type of index testing was used to gauge the relative strength of Bakken and Three Forks samples before and after exposure to formation and hydraulic-fracturing fluids. Core samples used to study rock strength originated from the North Dakota Industrial Commission (NDIC) #16771 well, located in the Manitou field of Mountrail County. Rock strength was measured with a Brinell-hardness-test apparatus. Publicly available hardness data were available from two wells in proximity, including NDIC #15986, Robinson Lake field, Mountrail County, approximately 10 miles to the southeast NDIC #16083, Capa field, Williams County, approximately 10 miles to the southwest

The Impacts of Promotions/Marketing, Scheduling, and Economic Factors on Total Gross Revenues for Minor League Baseball Teams

The purpose of this empirical study is to identify the key marketing and scheduling determinants of game attendance at minor league baseball games. Identification of such marketing and scheduling factors can provide the management of minor league teams in similar environments with information to more efficiently pursue the goal of game attendance maximization. To ensure greater comparability of data between teams and hence relevance of results, this study focuses upon a single grouping of teams, the Carolina League, and a single minor league baseball season, 2006. The Carolina League consists of eight teams serving eight metropolitan areas: Lynchburg City, VA; Winston-Salem, NC; Wilmington, DE; Salem City, VA; Myrtle Beach, SC; Prince William County, VA; Lenoir City, NC; and Frederick County, MD.

Overview of: “The Effects of Local Immigration Enforcement on Crime and Disorder: A Case Study of Prince William County, Virginia”

Research SummaryThis study evaluates a local immigration enforcement policy implemented in Prince William County, Virginia, in 2008. In addition to joining the federal 287(g) program, the County adopted a policy that initially required officers to check the immigration status of people they detained, but the policy was later amended to require immigration checks only for arrestees. Using a pre–post, quasi‐experimental design, we examined the policy's impacts on crime reports and calls for service in Prince William County and compared the County's crime trends with those of nearby localities. We also analyzed postpolicy trends in arrests of illegal immigrants, survey reports of crime victimization and reporting among County residents, and survey reports of police views on crime and disorder in the County. Although the policy did not affect most forms of crime in Prince William County (including robberies, property crimes, drug offenses, disorderly behaviors, and drunk driving violations), aggravated assaults declined 27% after the announcement of the original policy in July 2007. However, this initial version of the policy also seemed to harm police relations with the immigrant community, among other problems.Policy ImplicationsAs part of the wider debate on illegal immigration in the United States, local police are becoming more heavily involved in immigration enforcement in part as a result of a growing number of state laws and local ordinances directing police to engage in these efforts. The impacts of local immigration enforcement efforts have received very little study to date. Consistent with research on immigration and crime generally, this study suggests that public concern regarding crime by illegal immigrants is perhaps overstated and that expanded local immigration enforcement efforts will have limited impacts on crime. More aggressive immigration enforcement policies may reduce some types of crime, but they also may harm police relations with immigrant communities and impose other costs on local police. Further policy experimentation and research may help local communities to develop balanced approaches that focus on criminal violators and target specific crime problems in immigrant communities without the potentially negative consequences of more widespread crackdowns on illegal immigration.

The Effects of Local Immigration Enforcement on Crime and Disorder

Criminology & Public PolicyVolume 12, Issue 2 p. 239-276 RESEARCH ARTICLE The Effects of Local Immigration Enforcement on Crime and Disorder A Case Study of Prince William County, Virginia Christopher S. Koper, Corresponding Author Christopher S. Koper George Mason UniversityDirect correspondence to Christopher S. Koper, Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy, Department of Criminology, Law and Society, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6D12, Fairfax, VA 22030 (e-mail: [email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorThomas M. Guterbock, Thomas M. Guterbock University of VirginiaSearch for more papers by this authorDaniel J. Woods, Daniel J. Woods Police Executive Research ForumSearch for more papers by this authorBruce Taylor, Bruce Taylor National Opinion Research Center at the University of ChicagoSearch for more papers by this authorTimothy J. Carter, Timothy J. Carter James Madison UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Christopher S. Koper, Corresponding Author Christopher S. Koper George Mason UniversityDirect correspondence to Christopher S. Koper, Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy, Department of Criminology, Law and Society, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6D12, Fairfax, VA 22030 (e-mail: [email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorThomas M. Guterbock, Thomas M. Guterbock University of VirginiaSearch for more papers by this authorDaniel J. Woods, Daniel J. Woods Police Executive Research ForumSearch for more papers by this authorBruce Taylor, Bruce Taylor National Opinion Research Center at the University of ChicagoSearch for more papers by this authorTimothy J. Carter, Timothy J. Carter James Madison UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 21 November 2013 https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12022Citations: 15Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume12, Issue2May 2013Pages 239-276 RelatedInformation