Willdenow Herbarium Research Articles

(2942) Proposal to conserve the name Dicksonia bipinnata (Dennstaedtia bipinnata, Mucura bipinnata) (Dennstaedtiaceae) with a conserved type

(2942) Proposal to conserve the name <i>Dicksonia bipinnata</i> (<i>Dennstaedtia bipinnata</i>, <i>Mucura bipinnata</i>) (<i>Dennstaedtiaceae</i>) with a conserved type

(2841) Proposal to conserve Lechea verticillata (Bergia ammannioides) (Elatinaceae) with a conserved type

(2841) Proposal to conserve <i>Lechea verticillata</i> (<i>Bergia ammannioides</i>) (<i>Elatinaceae</i>) with a conserved type

(2813) Proposal to conserve the name Hedyotis diffusa (Oldenlandia diffusa, Scleromitrion diffusum) (Rubiaceae) with a conserved type

(2813) Proposal to conserve the name <i>Hedyotis diffusa</i> (<i>Oldenlandia diffusa</i>, <i>Scleromitrion diffusum</i>) (<i>Rubiaceae</i>) with a conserved type

(2810) Proposal to reject the name Thymus marschallianus (Lamiaceae)

(2810) Proposal to reject the name <scp><i>Thymus marschallianus</i></scp> (<i>Lamiaceae</i>)

A nomenclatural survey of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) 7: names published by Willdenow

A nomenclatural study of 12 names and designations published by C. L. Willdenow was carried out. Two designations, “Amaranthus incomptus” (nomen nudum) and “A. japonicus” (pro synonymo), are not validly published. The ten validly published names are not yet typified except for A. chlorostachys Willd. Eight of the nine untypified names (A. angustifolius M. Bieb. ex Willd., A. bicolor Nocca ex Willd., A. campestris Willd., A. inamoenus Willd., A. lateus Willd., A. polystachyus Willd., A. strictus Willd. and A. tenuifolius Willd.) are lectotypified here on specimens preserved in the Willdenow Herbarium in Berlin (B), while the other name (A. hecticus Willd.) is lectotypified here on an illustration in Willdenow's Historia Amaranthorum. All the names in Amaranthus published by Willdenow are considered here to be heterotypic synonyms of currently accepted species names. The results obtained highlight how many Amaranthus species, especially in the past, were described on the basis of characters that have low or no taxonomic value, whereas morphological characters of the flowers have a high taxonomic value.

(2700) Proposal to conserve the name Lycopodium mirabile (Phlegmariurus mirabilis) (Lycopodiaceae) with a conserved type

[Excerpt] Lycopodium mirabilewas described by Willdenow (Sp. Pl. 5(1):11. 1810) from Ceylon [Sri Lanka] and Cochinchina [southern Vietnam] citing two synonyms from five earlier works (“Lycopodium phleg-mariaβ.Lam. encycl.3.p. 618.Loureiro cochin.2.p.837”and“Selagoindica orientalis sive Plegmaria admirabilis zeylanica. Breyn. cent. 180. t. 92. Raj. hist. 1582 [sic = t. 1852]. suppl. 655. Dill. musc. t. 61.f.D.E.F.”) and giving the distribution, etc. as “Habitat in Zeylona,Cochinchina. H. (v. s.)”. All the synonym references refer to a species similar to Lycopodium phlegmaria (≡Phlegmariurus phlegmaria(L.)Holub). Willdenow indicated that he had seen dried material, but specimen details were not cited. The only material labelled L. mirabile in the Willdenow Herbarium at B is barcode B -W 19340 -01 0 (!), which was considered to be the holotype by Ollgaard (in Biol. Skr. 34: 57. 1989). This is technically an inadvertent lectotypification, as additional original elements are known.

Three Perplexing Names of Species of Campanula L.

Abstract SALES, F. & I. C. HEDGE (2010). Three perplexing names of species of Campanula L. Candollea 65: 143–146. In English, English and French abstracts. The status of three “Oriental” names of species of Campanula L., Campanula asperrima Zuccagni, Campanula decurrens Zuccagni and Campanula ajugifolia Schult. is investigated. It is impossible to establish with any confidence the identity of the first two because there are no known type specimens and their protologues are imprecise. Campanula ajugifolia, was considered as an “incertae sedis“ and is here typified by a specimen in the Willdenow herbarium at Berlin. It is shown that Campanula ajugifolia is the earliest name for the Turkish endemic species currently known as Campanula argaea Boiss. & Balansa.

Typification of the accepted names in the Jacobaea maritima group (Asteraceae)

All the seven accepted names for species of the Jacobaea maritima group are discussed and typified. Lectotypes are selected for Cineraria bicolor Willd. from the Willdenow Herbarium (B); C. gibbosa Guss. and C. nebrodensis Guss. from the Gussone Herbarium (NAP); Othonna maritima L. from the Clifford Herbarium (BM); Senecio gnaphalodes Sieber from the Brno Herbarium (BRNM) and S. taygeteus Boiss &amp; Heldr. from the Boissier Herbarium (G). A neotype, conserved in the Herbarium of the University of Calabria (CLU), is proposed for Cineraria ambigua Biv. Four needed combinations under Jacobaea Mill. are here proposed for the first time: J. maritima subsp. bicolor (Willd.) Peruzzi &amp; al., J. maritima subsp. gibbosa (Guss.) Peruzzi &amp; al., Jacobaea ambigua subsp. nebrodensis (Guss.) Peruzzi &amp; al. and J. ambigua subsp. taygetea (Boiss. &amp; Heldr.) Peruzzi &amp; al.

Lectotypification of &lt;i&gt;Schoenodum tenax&lt;/i&gt; (Restionaceae) and a note on the type of Lyginia imberbis (Anarthriaceae)

Robert Brown in 1810 made clear that the original description of Schoenodum tenax Labill. was based on collections of more than one taxon. The male material is the species currently known as Lyginia imberbis R. Br. but the female specimens include both the species currently known as Leptocarpus tenax (Labill.) R. Br. (basionym S. tenax) and Apodasmia brownii (Hook. f.) B.G. Briggs & L.A.S. Johnson (basionym Leptocarpus brownii). A female specimen in the Willdenow Herbarium in Berlin (B), of the species currently known as Leptocarpus tenax, is designated as lectotype of S. tenax; this matches the illustration and text of the protologue and preserves current usage. The type specimen of Lyginia imberbis R. Br. is a lectotype rather than a holotype.

The Cactaceae of the Willdenow herbarium, and of Willdenow (1813)

Leuenberger, B. E.: The Cactaceae of the Willdenow herbarium, and of Willdenow (1813). — Willdenowia 34: 309–322. — ISSN 0511-9618; © 2004 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem.The origin and identification of the 28 specimens of Cactaceae in the Willdenow herbarium in Berlin (B-W) are discussed. The eight Humboldt & Bonpland specimens from South America constitute the most important part of the collection, including five isotypes. Further, rather poorly documented specimens are of uncertain, presumably Caribbean or Central American origin or from a horticultural source. A detailed list arranged according to B-W numbers is given in tabular form. No specimens typifying Cactaceae names published by Willdenow in 1813 were located, but notes on some of these names, in particular on Cactus multangularis, are added. An index to Willdenow herbarium names of Cactaceae and current identifications is provided.

The Cactaceae of the Willdenow herbarium, and of Willdenow (1813).

Leuenberger, B. E.: The Cactaceae of the Willdenow herbarium, and of Willdenow (1813). — Willdenowia 34: 309–322. — ISSN 0511-9618; © 2004 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem.The origin and identification of the 28 specimens of Cactaceae in the Willdenow herbarium in Berlin (B-W) are discussed. The eight Humboldt & Bonpland specimens from South America constitute the most important part of the collection, including five isotypes. Further, rather poorly documented specimens are of uncertain, presumably Caribbean or Central American origin or from a horticultural source. A detailed list arranged according to B-W numbers is given in tabular form. No specimens typifying Cactaceae names published by Willdenow in 1813 were located, but notes on some of these names, in particular on Cactus multangularis, are added. An index to Willdenow herbarium names of Cactaceae and current identifications is provided.

Humboldt &amp; Bonpland'sCactaceaein the herbaria at Paris and Berlin

Leuenberger, B. E.: Humboldt & Bonpland's Cactaceae in the herbaria at Paris and Berlin. — Willdenowia 32: 137–153. 2002. — ISSN 0511-9618.Cactaceae specimens collected by Humboldt & Bonpland in tropical America and kept in the herbaria at Paris and in the Willdenow herbarium at Berlin are listed and discussed. Of the 15 taxa treated by Kunth, in 1823, in “Nova genera et species plantarum”, ten specimens from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru are extant in the Humboldt & Bonpland collection at Paris (P-Bonpl). The general herbarium at Paris contains duplicates of three of these and an additional specimen under a name not treated by Kunth. Of the eight specimens in the Willdenow herbarium at Berlin (B-W) attributed to Humboldt & Bonpland, six belong to taxa described as new by Kunth. Three of these were filed under unpublished names. The specimens and protologues are compared with Humboldt & Bonpland's unpublished field notes (“Journal botanique”). The nature of the material, its identification, and taxonomic and nomenclatural problems are briefly treated and the results summarized in tabular form.

Humboldt, Willdenow, and Polygala (Polygalaceae)

SummaryRankin Rodriguez, R. &amp; Greuter, W.: Humboldt, Willdenow, and Polygala (Polygalaceae). – Taxon 50: 1231–1247.2001. ‐ ISSN 0040–0262.Based on published sources (including contemporary correspondence) and the Humboldt expedition's field notebooks, some information on Humboldt and Bonpland's plant collections in their relation to Willdenow and his Species plantarum is provided. The genus Polygala served as a test sample. The Willdenow Herbarium (B‐W) holds 23 Polygala specimens from the Humboldt expedition (several others were erroneously attributed to Humboldt), representing 17 of the 18 species described by Kunth in the Nova genera. The following main conclusions are drawn: (1) three types of handwriting can be recognised on the expedition's field labels in B‐W, which are identified as Bonpland's, Humboldt's, and a third one that is tentatively ascribed to an unknown field assistant; (2) a full set of the plant collections from Venezuela was sent to Willdenow from Havana early in 1801 and had been received in Berlin by September 1802; (3) in vol. 3(2) of Willdenow's Species plantarum, published in early November 1802, a single species (Hypericum caracasanum) was described based on the new Humboldt material; (4) the numbers found on many of Humboldt's labels refer to the numbered entries in the field notebooks, but are not collection numbers in the modern sense, because many collections, on which no notes were taken, remained unnumbered; (5) numbering was fairly consistent, all duplicates of collections on which field notes exist being normally numbered, except when the label was accidentally lost; (6) the set of duplicates given by Humboldt to Willdenow was virtually complete, but the equally complete set in Bonpland's herbarium (P‐Bonpl.), having been studied by Kunth in the first place, should be used to typify the names of new taxa first published in the Nova genera. Based on an improved understanding of the background of these collections, a recently proposed type designation for Polygala tenella Willd. is rejected. This long forgotten name is here neotypified in such a way as to retain its traditional place in the synonymy of P. paniculata L.

A New Name for a Common Ecuadorian and Peruvian Wild Tomato Species

The new name habrochaites S. Knapp & D. M. Spooner is coined to replace the homonym agrimoniifolium (Dunal) J. F. Macbride, which has been used for the wild tomato species known in Lycopersicon as Lycopersicon hirsutum Dunal. While preparing the Solanaceae for the Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador (Jergensen & Le6n-Yinez, 1999), we discovered that a new name was necessary for the common wild tomato species previously known as Lycopersicon hirsutum. We accept species of tomatoes in the genus following molecular and morphological studies of Child (1990), Spooner et al. (1993), Bohs and Olmstead (1997), and Olmstead and Palmer (1997). Spooner et al. (1993) provided a compilation of names and combinations in for all nine taxa of tomatoes recognized by Rick et al. (1990). The epithet hirsutum is not available for this taxon in Solanum, as it is occupied by hirsutum Dunal (1816), and the pre-existing combination used by Spooner et al. (1993), agrimoniifolium (Dunal) J. F. Macbride, for L. hirsutum is a later homonym of an epithet already published in Solanum. A new epithet in is therefore necessary for this taxon. habrochaites S. Knapp & D. M. Spooner, nom. nov. Replaced name: Lycopersicon hirsutum Dunal, Solanorum synopsis 4. 1816, non L. hirsutum Dunal, in DC., Prodromus 13(1): 24. 1852. TYPE: Ecuador. Loja: Hab. in agris Peruvianis prope Loxa, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (holotype, P). Locality for type collection fide Kunth (Humboldt et al., 1818), Crescit prope Loxa Novo-Granatensium, alt. 1060 hex. agrimoniifolium (Dunal) J. F. Macbride, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13: 159. 1962. Horn. illeg., non Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 51: 154. 1924. Lycopersicon agrimoniifolium Dunal, in DC., Prodromus 13(1): 24. 1852; agrimoniaefolium. TYPE: Peru. Sin. loc., Pavdn s.n. (holotype, G not seen). Both Dunal's and Rydberg's spellings of the epithet agrimoniifolium are errors to be corrected under Article 60.8 of the Code (Greuter et al., 1994). The new specific epithet is derived from the Greek, habro = soft, delicate, and chaites = haired, thus retaining as closely as possible Dunal's original intention. Dunal (1816) stated that he saw the specimen he named Lycopersicon hirsutum in the Humboldt and Bonpland herbarium (v.s.h. H et B.), but a specimen of this taxon could not be found in P-Bonpl. Kunth (Humboldt et al., 1818) did not see specimens of this taxon while writing his account of Humboldt and Bonpland's plants, Specimena hujus et praecedentis speciei haud vidi. No specimen identifiable as this taxon and collected by Humboldt and Bonpland is present in the Willdenow herbarium (microfiche edition IDC). Dunal had intended to publish an illustrated edition of his Solanorum synopsis (1816), and to that end had a series of drawings of the taxa described therein prepared by the artist Node-Veran, to which he referred in Solanorum synopsis (Dunal, 1816). These drawings are held in the collections at Montpellier (MPU), and in the set is a plate of Lycopersicon hirsutum (Fig. 1B). A specimen in the general herbarium at P collected by Humboldt and Bonpland and annotated by Dunal that is a perfect match for this drawing is clearly the holotype for this name (Fig. 1). On the specimen are pinned several labels with different descriptions, one of them (far left lower corner) is that of Kunth (Humboldt et al., 1818). On the label in the upper left is written Solanum dentatum and a draft description in Dunal's hand. The description, however, does not NovoN 9: 375-376. 1999. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.32 on Sun, 14 May 2017 17:56:58 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Type specimens of names inMisodendraceaeat the Berlin-Dahlem herbarium (B)

Abstract Arroyo-Leuenberger, S. & Leuenberger, B. E.: Type specimens of names in Misodendraceae at the Berlin-Dahlem herbarium (B). — Willdenowia 28: 249–252. 1998. — ISSN 0511-9618. Specimens at the Berlin-Dahlem herbarium collected by Commerson, Dusen, Kuntze and Poppig, and representing original material (isotypes) of names in Misodendrum, are listed and discussed. A lectotype is designated for Misodendrum linearifolium var. contractum. Several other noteworthy historical specimens are briefly mentioned. These include some specimens collected by C. Gay and R. A. Philippi, and one, in the Willdenow herbarium, collected by L. Nee.

Nomenclatural Changes in Leptochloa P. Beauvois Sensu Lato (Poaceae, Chloridoideae)

The following new names are proposed for Leptochloa P. Beauvois s.1. (including Diplachne P. Beauvois), based on recent revisionary and cladistic studies: Leptochloa caudata, L. decipiens subsp. asthenes, L. decipiens subsp. peacockii, L. eleusine, L. fusca subsp. muelleri, L. fusca subsp. fascicularis, L. fusca subsp. uninervia, L. gigantea, and L. panicea subsp. brachiata. Recent revisionary and cladistic studies in Leptochloa P. Beauvois (Snow, 1997a), along with preparation of the grass treatment for Flora Zambesiaca (Cope, in press), support nomenclatural changes for this nearly worldwide grass genus. The changes are necessary given the consistent lack of cladistic support for Diplachne P. Beauvois as a taxon distinct from Leptochloa (Snow, 1997a) and the need to reduce in rank several species (Snow, 1997a, 1997b). The synonymy of Leptochloa is extensive and only recently has been assessed from a global perspective (Snow, 1997a). However, since the primary purpose of this article is to make these new names available, complete synonymy will be withheld for a later publication (or see Snow, 1997a). In addition to these changes, descriptions of two new species are forthcoming (Snow, 1998; Snow & Simon, 1997). Leptochloa caudata (K. Schumann) N. Snow, comb. nov. Basionym: Diplachne caudata K. Schumann, in Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost.-Afrikas C: 113. 1895. TYPE: Tanzania. Ukera, Fischer 674 (holotype, B). Leptochloa decipiens (R. Brown) Stapf ex Maiden subsp. asthenes (Roemer & Schultes) N. Snow, comb. et stat. nov. Basionym: Poa asthenes Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 2: 574. 1817. Poa imbecilla R. Brown, Prodr. 181. 1810, nom. hom. illeg., non P imbecilla Solander ex Sprengel, P1. Nov. Herb. Spreng., 9 no. 14. 1807. Leptochloa asthenes (Roemer & Schultes) C. E. Hubbard, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew: 26. 1941. TYPE: Australia. Queensland, Upper Head [=Chadron Point], Broad Sound, R. Brown 6270 (lectotype, here designated, BM; isolectotype, K). Blake (1972: 6) correctly cited the type collection but did not designate a particular duplicate as the type specimen. ciliolata Jedwabnick, Bot. Arch. 5(3-4): 192. 1924. Leptochloa ciliolata (Jedwabnick) S. T. Blake, Contr Queensland Herb. 14: 6. 1092. TYPE: Australia. New South Wales, Narrabri, Maiden s.n. (lectotype [as holotype by Lazarides, 1980: 262], B; isolectotype, BRI). My dissertation indicated that Eragrostis imbecilla Benth. Fl. Austral. 7: 643. 1878, non E. imbecilla (R. Brown) R. Brown ex Steudel, Syn. P1. Glumac. 1: 279. 1854 was a taxonomic synonym of Leptochloa decipiens subsp. asthenes (Snow, 1997a: 166). A few additional comments are useful at this time. Given the format used by Bentham (1878) in volume 7 of Flora Australiensis, imbecilla appears to be merely a new combination, not a new taxon (e.g., see Article 58.3, Greuter et al., 1994). This is evident from his citation of Poa imbecilla and explicit reference to the type specimen collected by Forster in New Zealand (holotype, B, Willdenow Herbarium Cat. No. 01896, microfiche). The correct citations for these names appear to be imbecilla (Solander ex NovoN 8: 77-80. 1998. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.136 on Thu, 19 May 2016 04:18:02 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Nomenclatural Changes and New Taxa in Claytonia (Portulacaceae) in Western North America

Nomenclatural Changes and New Taxa in Claytonia (Portulacaceae) in Western North America

Names validated in Rottler's “Botanical Observations” of 1803

SummaryDaniel, P.: Names validated in Rottler's “Botanical Observations” of 1803. ‐ Taxon 40: 605–611. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Rottler travelled widely and collected extensively in peninsular India. His publication of 1803, with added remarks by Willdenow, is cited in floras pertaining to India and the adjoining regions. Rottler and Willdenow validated names of 2 and 1 new genus, and 47 and 21 new species, respectively, in this paper. Most authors have not seen this work and errors, such as wrong attribution of authors, overlooked priority, ignored valid names, are frequently repeated. Below, Rottler's and Willdenow's names are listed separately after a discussion. Types of many of these names are in the Willdenow Herbarium in Berlin (B‐W).

The Identity of Glycine minima Willd. (Leguminosae: Phaseoleae)

During an investigation into the typification of Glycine clandestina Wendl. for Miss C. A. Newell, Dept. of Agronomy, University of Illinois, I had occasion to check the supposed identity of G. minima. This has been sunk into G. clandestina in the Index Kewensis (1895) and this was followed by Hermann (A Revision of the genus Glycine and its immediate allies, U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. 1268: 13 (1962)). A glance at Willdenow's description is enough to show this is nonsense; he clearly states "Legumina pollicaria breve petiolata linearia glabra, apice uncinata polysperma". The hooked pod apex can only mean Teramnus and a reference to the microfiche of Willdenow's herbarium

A Note on Plantago exigua (Plantaginaceae) and Certain Related Taxa

Summary. The typification and nomenclature of Plantago pumila Linn. f., P. exigua Juss. ex Murray and P. indica L. are discussed. The correct name of the plants known as P. pumila sensu Willdenow is P. exigua Juss. ex Murray whose type locality is India, not Egypt. P. indica L. (x759) is an illegitimate synonym of P. psyllium L. (i753) and the latter, a nomen confusum; Psyllium ramosum Gilib. (178I) being an invalid name under Art. 23, item (3) of the Internat. Code Bot. Nomencl. (1972), Plantago arenaria Kit. (18oi) is the next available name for plants hitherto known as P. indica sensu Pilger (I937), non Linn. (I759) and P. ramosum (Gilib.) Aschers. (1847). J. D. Hooker (1885) described a plant grown in a nursery in North India by Royle from seeds purchased from the Bazaar (local market) and identified it erroneously with Plantago pumila Linn. f., although attributing it to Willdenow, rather than to P. exigua Juss. ex Murray. He has been followed by Raizada (I936) and by Bhattacharya (1963) who report the eastward extension of the species from its generally known range 'Afghanistan and Egypt' (see Hooker, l.c.) to Dehra Dun, New Delhi and Mirzapur district in India. Muschler (1912), Pilger (I937) and Patzak & Rechinger (1965), however, have treated P. exigua Murray as the correct name for the species known as P. pumila sensu Willd. (1798). TYPIFICATION (i) Plantago pumila Linn. f. Although Willdenow (1798) treated P. exigua Juss. ex Murray (1779) and P. pumila Linn. f. (1781) as conspecific (the latter mistakenly adopted as the correct name) he repeated from Murray that the former has 'foliis subulatis integerrimis, capitulis foliolis' and the latter, from Linnaeus filius, 'foliis integerrimis carnosis'. The type of P. pumila Linn. f. from 'Europa australi' is not traceable either at LINN or in the Stockholm Herbarium (S) and the description, 'Caule ramoso herbaceo, foliis integerrimis carnosis, ramis laevibus' is too inadequate to be of diagnostic value. The specimen from 'Habitat Egypto' in the Willdenow herbarium at Berlin (B) (see microfiche No. 2987), although labelled Plantago pumila W., cannot be considered as an authentic representative of P. pumila Linn. f., but is a good match for Murray's t. 5, representing P. exigua Juss. ex Murray (I779). Further, there are two specimens mounted on one sheet in the Linnean Herbarium at Stockholm (S) (see microfiche No. 60/19) which, although labelled Plantago psyllium L., bear on the reverse of the page another determination, Plantago loeflingii L. which has been crossed out with P. pumila Willd. substituted. These two plants, preserved with their roots and derived from 'Hispania', ex Herb Gasstr6mii, do not show in the microfiche the characters of diagnostic value nor can they be considered as authentic specimens to represent P. pumila Linn. f. These considerations may explain why Muschler (1912) cited both the species as