Wildlife Loss Research Articles

The need for carbon finance schemes to tackle overexploitation of tropical forest wildlife.

Defaunation of tropical forests, particularly from unsustainable hunting, has diminished populations of key seed dispersers for many tree species, driving shifts in forest community composition toward small-fruited or wind-dispersed trees with low wood density. Such shifts can reduce aboveground biomass, prompting calls for overexploitation to be included in bioeconomic policy, but a synthesis of existing literature for wildlife impacts on carbon stores is lacking. We evaluated the role of wildlife in tropical forest tree recruitment and found that it was critical to tropical forest carbon dynamics. The emerging financial value of ecosystem services provided by tropical forest fauna highlights the need for carbon-based payments for ecosystem services schemes to include wildlife protection. We argue for three cost-effective actions within carbon finance schemes that can facilitate wildlife protection: support land security opportunities for Indigenous peoples and local communities; provide support for local people to protect forest fauna from overexploitation; and focus on natural regeneration in restoration projects. Incorporating defaunation in carbon-financing schemes more broadly requires an increased duration of carbon projects and an improved understanding of defaunation impacts on carbon stores and ecosystem-level models. Without urgent action to halt wildlife losses and prevent empty forest syndrome, the crucial role of tropical forests in tackling climate change may be in jeopardy.

Biodiversity offsetting destroys wildlife

Biodiversity offsetting is a net‐outcome policy by which metrics are used to quantify the loss of wildlife and habitat due to development (generally building for housing, industrial purposes or infrastructure). An equivalent or greater quantity of biodiversity is supposedly created, protected or restored elsewhere. The literature on the merit of biodiversity offsetting is equivocal, largely because the policy is prescriptive in favour of development but overlooks the conflict between development and environmental deterioration (much as in other policy within the ambit of ‘sustainable development'). The unadmitted contradiction can be seen relatively easily by appreciating that the site scale and wider scales are largely discrete. Even if biodiversity net gain really were achieved in going from site to site, the wider prejudice of development would still be the overriding influence in the observed (wide‐scale) decline of wildlife. By facilitating ever more human environmental impact, biodiversity offsetting does the opposite of what it purports to do; it destroys wildlife.

Predicting the distribution pattern changes of dye plant habitats caused by climate change

Climate change has accelerated the habitat loss and fragmentation of wildlife. Dye plants of “Fengxiang dyeing” are important indigenous natural resources for traditional printing and dyeing craft in southwest China, is of practical and cultural importance for dozens of ethnic minorities. However, lack of the spatial distribution information of these plants has hampered holistic and efficient conservation management measures. We analyzed the potentially suitable areas of four dye plants (Liquidambar formosana, Strobilanthes cusia, Persicaria tinctoria and Indigofera tinctoria) necessary for “Fengxiang dyeing” based on their geographical distribution sites under different climatic situations using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model. The results showed that temperature, precipitation and elevation were the most important factors affecting the suitable geographical areas of the four dye plants. Under the current climate conditions, the overlapping suitable habitat areas of the four plants were mainly in the four southern provinces of China, including Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan. L. formosana was used as the base plant for combination with the other three plants under the two future climate scenarios (SSP126 and SSP585), and the overlapping suitable habitat areas of the obtained seven combination patterns were considered suitable for potential craft development. Five patterns showed an increase, while two patterns showed a decreasing trend with the increasing carbon emission. The prediction results showed that the overlapping suitable habitat center of the four plants will gradually move to the northeast, indicating that the overlapping suitable habitat area and craft distribution area will be changed. These results provide the basis for understanding the spatial distribution pattern changes of dye plants caused by climate change and establishing measures for protecting and developing printing and dyeing craft.

Causes, Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Human Large Mammal Conflict in Estie Densa Forest Reserve, Estie District, Northern Ethiopia

Human-wildlife conflict is a significant threat to the continued survival of many species and the livelihood of humans. This study aims to assess the conflict between humans and mammals in Estie Densa Forest Reserve, located in Estie Woreda. Currently, the forest reserve faces many problems like crop damage, disease transmission, livestock depredation, and even loss of human life. So, the study generates general information about human mammals conflict and provides baseline information for other researchers. Selection of 95 respondents from local communities through purposive sampling. The Chi-Square Test was employed to determine the significance of differences across the three Villages, and the results were presented in the form of tables and percentages. Crop raiding and livestock depredation have been proven the primary drivers of human-mammal conflict and are statistically significant among the Villages (P≤0.05). Anibus Baboon, Wild Pig, and Common Jackal were the major drivers of the conflict, and had statistical difference among Villages (P≤0.05). Property Loss, and Wildlife Loss covered more than 91% of the total impact perceived as a result of human mammals conflict, and statistically significant (P≤0.05). Livestock guarding (using dogs and shepherds; 50.52%) was the most efficient approach for alleviating livestock depredation and disease transmission from wildlife to livestock and vice versa. While fencing and crop guarding (35.79%) were second in terms of mitigation, but ranked first in terms of reducing agricultural damage caused by wildlife. There should be better awareness of the value and significance of wild animals, the ecology, tourism, and overall conservation of wild mammals.

The Decline of Wild Carnivores and Their Conservation Efforts in Pakistan-A Review

Pakistan once had a thriving and diverse fauna. However, there hasbeen a significant decline in the wildlife population since the late 1800s. The primary factors contributing to this population decline include humanencroachment, conflict with natives and habitat damage. Technological development and climatic change have also contributed to the loss of wildlife. Despite extinctionbeing a natural process, the pace at which it is happening currently is unusual. The ultimate objective of wildlife conservation is to guarantee the survival of thesespecies, which are essential for sustaining the stability of our environment. To fight these extinction pressures, conservation practices and policies have been implemented, including the creation of protected areas for plants and wildlife. In the current study, the main focus has been on the critically endangered mammal species in Pakistan, the factors contributing to their loss, and the necessary conservation measures already being implemented nationally as well as globally.

353 Evaluation of Native and Invasive Seed Germination Ability After in Situ Incubation in the Rumen for Rangeland Restoration Through Targeted Seed Supplementation

Abstract Changes to native plant compositions of drylands are often associated to loss of wildlife, increased frequency, and severity of wildfires; further, it complicates the grazing permits and allocation during periods of restoration. The goals herein investigate the germination rates of native seed species after in situ incubation to evaluate their potential dispersal as supplements for grazing cattle. Native: Indian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides; ACHY), white yarrow (Achillea millefolium; ACMI), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum; AGCR), sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata; ARTR), fourwing saltbrush (Atriplex canascens; ATCA), bottlebrush squirreltail (Elymus elimoides; ELEL), bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoregneria spicata; PSSP), and gooseberryleaf globemallow (Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia; SPRT) and nonnative: cheatgrass (Bromus tecorum, BRTE; fall BRTEf and spring seeds BRTEs) seeds were examined. Four ruminally canulated Angus x Hereford steers adapted to a forage kochia-alfalfa diet were utilized for seed incubations. Seeds were weighed into 84 bags at a rate of 5 g per bag (duplicated within and in different animals). Seeds were incubated sequentially (0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 96 h) and removed at the 96-h point when seeds were thoroughly washed and immediately counted (50) on square 80 mm 80 mm commercial sterile petri dishes with moisture pads and 5 mL of water. Seeds were incubated at 20 °C with 12 h of light/no-light intervals. Germination plates were incubated for 50 d and counted every 10 d for germinations. Generalized linear models assuming a Poisson distribution with separation of means through Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. All statistical analyses were performed on R (R Core Team 2022). Incubation times inside of the rumen linearly decreased germination rates across most seed species. For BRTEs, germination completely stopped at 48 h with a steep decrease observed after 24 h incubation. The BRTEf were also incubated but showed low germination both before and after rumen exposure (winter dormancy). Though ARTR is very important in rangeland restoration in the intermountain west, its germination declined more than 85% within just a 6 h incubation in situ (P < 0.001). A significant germination decrease was observed for AGCR at 36 h; however, germination was full at 48 h and 50% of the original at 96 h (P < 0.05). For ACMI, germination rates significantly declined after 36 h incubation, and for PSSP after 24 h. Low germinations were observed for ACHY, SPRT, and ATCA even with high reported in-bag tetrazolium chloride viabilities. Our results highlight that cattle grazing of cheatgrass does not spread seeds through fecal pats. Additional tests are required to determine seed viability of the dormant (low germination) BRTEf. Seed toleration to ruminal degradation highlights the potential targeted seed supplementation during grazing for rangeland restoration.

BANGLADESH WILDLIFE: A CALL TO ARREST ITS DECLINATION THROUGH REMEDIAL POLICIES AND MANAGEMENT

Bangladesh, located between latitudes 20°34' to 26°38' north and longitudes 88°01' to 92°41' east, is the most densely populated country in the world with 1,252 people per one square kilometre; this is almost three times as dense as its neighbour, India (Ritchie, 2020), other than the island countries like Singapore, and others. So, Bangladesh is not likely to have a large array of wildlife, including both megafauna and macrofauna, and flora. However, because of its very zoo-geographic location in the Indo-Malayan realm of the Oriental Region (Cox, 2001), Bangladesh supports at least three major terrestrial habitats and similar number of aquatic environments. These have allowed the country to have astounding number of wildlife and plants, e.g., about 125 species of Mammals, 718 species of Birds, 2500 species of arthropods and 5700 species of vascular plants. However, it is not satisfied status because already lost few charismatic megafaunas such as, all three species of Asian rhinoceroses, water buffalo, swamp deer, two species of peafowls, swamp partridge, Bhadi Hans (white-winged duck, Khan, 1983a, 1983b, 2003), marsh crocodile, etc. Existing study posits that the country has already lost about 10% of its mammals, 3% birds and 4% of reptile species and an unknown number of amphibians, fishes, and invertebrates as well as plants. Another 14% of animal species are endangered (Khan, 2012). The same may very well be true for the plants.Currently the Forest Department, which has its own forestry policy from as early as 1979, has failed to develop such a policy for wildlife although it is trying to manage the wildlife of the country from the inception of Bangladesh in 1971.The department lacks in right workforce trained in wildlife with proper degree in relevant subjects. A few people that work there does not see progressions in their service carrier.The wildlife conservation policy followed round the world does not conform to the forestry policy of Bangladesh.So, Bangladesh must have a concrete wildlife and its sustainable management policy to conserve the wildlife wealth through creating a proper wildlife department to implement such a policy and save the wildlife from further killing or loss of wildlife through managerial failures or mismanagement.

To avoid carbon degradation in tropical forests, conserve wildlife.

Loss of large-bodied wildlife, typically from hunting, degrades the ecological processes in tropical forests that sequester and store carbon. Carbon-based markets that incentivize wildlife conservation can generate revenues to support necessary forest and hunting management.

Lessons from the 2019/2020 ‘Black Summer Bushfires’ in Australia

The widespread and massive bushfires in Australia in 2019 and 2020, known as the ‘Black Summer Bushfires’ resulted in extensive devastation with severe economic, social, environmental and political impacts, and tragically, loss of human lives and wildlife. Some of these impacts extended well after the bushfires to the medium and long term. Australia does have a system for disaster risk prevention, mitigation and management in place, including legal and policy instruments, and a range of capacity building and risk communication measures, and thus different steps were undertaken to manage the bushfires at the local, regional and national levels. There were also a number of key stakeholders involved including firefighting agencies and emergency services agencies, and public, private and civil society organizations, and importantly, the community with abundant volunteer initiatives evidencing strong social capital. However, despite the strong institutional structure and community social capital, various gaps and challenges were evident at different stages – before, during and after the bushfires – especially stemming from the uncertainty posed by climate change; particularly, recovery and rebuilding has proven highly challenging and even after two years recovery has not been achieved for many people, who need to rely on the social capital of their neighbours and community to cope with the difficult circumstances that they are confronted with. The Royal Commission report, which was produced as an inquiry after the bushfires provided recommendations for future policy and practice and in this paper a set of recommendations that are consistent with the report are presented. The future of bushfire risk reduction and management would need to be linked to both climate change mitigation and adaptation, with stronger support for community social capital.

Genetic diversity of a flightless dung beetle appears unaffected by wildfire

The wildfires of Australia’s Black Summer in 2019/2020 caused a massive loss of wildlife and habitats, but the effects of the fire on invertebrate species post-burn are unknown. We hypothesised that the fires would negatively affect the genetic diversity of invertebrate species by impeding movement between populations due to habitat loss. We studied the genetic diversity of a flightless dung beetle, Amphistomus primonactus Matthews 1974, to determine the impact of the wildfires on this species. We examined 90 SNPs from 193 individuals across seven localities impacted by the wildfires in north-eastern New South Wales. We used STRUCTURE to determine the overall population structure of the seven localities. We calculated four within-locality genetic diversity measures (observed heterozygosity (Ho), unbiased expected heterozygosity (uHe), Shannon’s Information (1H), and the inbreeding coefficient (FIS). We calculated three between-locality genetic diversity measures (Fixation Index (FST), Hedrick’s G”ST, and Shannon’s Mutual Information (I). We used partial Mantel tests to compare the between-locality genetic diversity measures with the mean fire intensity along each pairwise linear transect, while accounting for genetic variation due to geographic distance. We compared the within-locality genetic diversity measures to the mean fire intensity at each site. STRUCTURE showed a large degree of intermixing between localities. We found no significant effect of fire on any within-locality genetic diversity measure, or on any between-locality genetic diversity measure. We suggest that the genetic diversity of A. primonactus was not significantly affected by the Black Summer wildfires.Implications for insect conservation: Our results show that the 2019/2020 wildfires had a negligible impact on the genetic structure of A. primonactus. This offers a promising outlook for the species in its recovery from the fires.

“This Image Haunts Me to This Day”: Exploring the Psychological Impacts of Wildlife Loss on Conservation Professionals Through Photovoice

This study builds on the concept of “psychoterratic” conditions, an array of mental health experiences related to global environmental change. Among these conditions are those referring to emotional distress caused by changing of familiar landscapes due to anthropogenic factors. This study asks, if humans can experience psychological distress due to changing familiar landscapes, can they also experience distress from the loss of cherished other-than-human neighbors? Little research has looked at the biodiversity crisis nor wildlife declines and psychological impacts on wildlife professionals. This study used photovoice methodology as a reflective process to communicate a message using retrospective photography. Participants (n = 6) shared their stories by selecting and describing career photographs that answered research questions about negative emotional responses from their work and their personal contributions to conservation. Participants then shared their photographs in a focus group. Major themes identified are areas of risk and areas of resilience. Conservation professionals were profoundly affected by grief from the losses of individual animals, as well as by the extinction of species, which were caused by anthropogenic harms. Findings also showed that conservation professionals were ill prepared to cope with the emotional toll of their work and were forced to build resilience in the face of the unprecedented extinction crisis.

Fawn birthdays: From opportunistically sampled fawn rescue data to true wildlife demographic parameters

Abstract Spring mowing in May and June is one of the main causes of mortality of roe deer fawns in agricultural regions. Knowing the exact birth distribution of fawns is important to guide farmers in their pre‐mowing precautions to avoid fawn deaths. Wildlife volunteers searching fields prior to mowing can act as citizen scientists by producing data sets of rescued fawns and their approximate age at find. However, due to weather‐dependent searches, the corresponding birth distributions can be highly skewed. We simulated virtual field data to examine the shortcomings of such data sources and introduced two algorithms for reconstructing reliable birth distribution parameters (mean and standard deviation) based on skewed samples. We found that weather‐dependent search data biased the calculated means and standard deviations by up to 14 and 5 days, respectively. However, the use of the proposed advanced algorithms (Grid Search and Machine Learning) resulted in better estimates of the sample means and standard deviations by reducing the root‐mean‐square error by 65% and 80% respectively. Furthermore, the Grid Search algorithm was able to capture birth distribution parameters based on real citizen science data in Bavaria, Germany, from 2021, which are close to the results of more systematic samples of the same year. The simulation exercise highlighted the shortcomings and discrepancies of using non‐probabilistic samples, for example on the occasion of mowing activities, to study demographic parameters compared to the true simulated distribution. Yet, the proposed algorithms can address these drawbacks and potentially turn citizen science data into an important data source for wildlife studies. This could ultimately help reduce wildlife losses during the mowing season by better knowing the distribution of births in a region.

Could biological soil crusts act as natural fire fuel breaks in the sagebrush steppe?

Could biological soil crusts act as natural fire fuel breaks in the sagebrush steppe?

Nature-based Solutions for Industrial Logistic Parks.

The growth of logistic cities and freight villages to meet the increasing demand of e-commerce is unstoppable. This strategic sector has boomed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it is estimated that by 2025, 138 million sqm of additional e-commerce areas will be built worldwide. Only in the last decade, the European logistic construction activity has tripled. Endless cities of asphalt and concrete have been built to host e-commerce companies, posing severe environmental threats such as desertification, loss of ecosystem and wildlife. Seeking to resolve these challenges, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization has proposed an international framework for Eco-Industrial Parks, with environmental guidelines for rainwater management, biodiversity preservation, or creation of recreational areas amongst others. However, prior studies and recommendations focused on the formulation of resilient spatial planning solutions for industrial logistic areas are yet very limited, and comprehensive literature reviews are still lacking. Aiming to address this research gap, this paper includes a review of recent investigations and projects focused on the study of resilient solutions for the design of industrial logistic areas. A bibliometric analysis of the literature published in Scopus database from 1992 to 2022 concerning terms such as Industrial Park, Eco-Industrial Park, or Nature-based Solutions is presented. The results reveal that the connection between Industrial Logistic Parks and Nature-based Solutions is very weak, or almost non-existent. This paper also discusses the project Plataforma Central Iberum-one of the largest industrial logistic spaces (3.5 million sqm) built in Spain- as a case study. This project is one of the first Industrial Logistic Parks developed in this country where nature-based solutions such as the integration of rainwater wetlands, load-bearing permeable pavements, green v-ditch medians, and natural self-sustaining infrastructure parks with diverse native plant species, were implemented. Overall, this paper aims to highlight the urgency to discuss and adopt Nature-based Solutions to render Industrial Logistic Parks more resilient.

Open Letter to the International Criminal Court Alleging United Nations Complicity in Planetary Treason

We provide a preponderance of evidence that worldwide covert environmental modification (geoengineering) activities have been ongoing for several decades, citing numerous peer-reviewed scientific and medical articles and other sources in support of our allegation that such activities are causing innumerable harms to Earth’s systems. These harms include, but are not limited to, catastrophic loss of wildlife, aggravation of global warming and climate chaos; disruption of habitats; aggravation of droughts and concomitant degradation of agriculture; and depletion of stratospheric ozone, which exposes surface life to deadly solar ultraviolet radiation. In 1978 the United Nations (UN) oversaw the creation of the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques (ENMOD), a deliberately vague and deceitful international treaty that has served as a Trojan horse to provide a “legal” basis for subsequent worldwide geoengineering activities (as described herein). Since the creation of the UN Environmental Program (UNEP) in 1972, the UN and some of its other agencies, including the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the World Health Organization (WHO), has formally committed itself to the integrity of the planetary environment. We appeal to the International Criminal Court to render judgement in favor of the world’s individual citizens, whose fundamental rights have been abrogated by planetary geoengineering, as herein documented. We respectfully request the following relief from the International Criminal Court: 1) Immediate and permanent end to the ENMOD Convention; 2) Permanent global injunction on all activities undertaken under ENMOD’s authority; 3) Declassification of all documents related to ENMOD activities as well as making all such documents freely available to the world; 4) Establishment of a legal body, fashioned after the International Military Tribunal at Nuremburg, to hear evidence and render justice for planetary treason and crimes against humanity and the environment.

Anthropogenic mortality of large mammals and trends of conflict over two decades in Nepal.

Wildlife conservation in human‐dominated landscapes faces increased challenges due to rising conflicts between humans and wildlife. We investigated the human and wildlife loss rates due to human–wildlife conflict between 2000 and 2020 in Nepal. We concentrated on Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), greater one‐horned rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis), tiger (Panthera tigirs), and leopard (Panthera pardus) mortality, as well as human mortality caused by these species. Over the 21‐year period, we recorded 1139 cases of wildlife mortality and 887 cases of human mortality. Leopard mortality was the highest, followed by that of greater one‐horned rhinos, tigers, and Asian elephants. Overall, the rate of wildlife mortality has been increasing over the years. Asian elephants were found to be more responsible for crop damage than greater one‐horned rhinos, while leopards were found to be more responsible for livestock depredation than tigers. The generalized linear model indicated that the mortality of wildlife in the districts is best predicted by the additive effect of human mortality, the proportion of agricultural land, and the literacy rate of the districts. Retaliatory wildlife mortality was the most challenging issue for wildlife conservation, especially for the large mammals. Findings from this study are important for mitigation of human–wildlife conflicts, controlling retaliatory killing, and conserving these threatened large mammals.

The Impact of Degradation of Islands’ Land Ecosystems Due to Climate Change on Tourists’ Travel Decisions

The degradation of terrestrial ecosystems may change the perceived value of destinations for tourists. This article analyses tourists’ travel decisions when the land ecosystems of the destinations they are planning to visit are threatened by climate change impacts. More specifically, it analyses tourists’ willingness to pay for their holidays at island destinations endangered by the increase in forest fires, terrestrial wildlife losses, water shortages, and damages to infrastructure and cultural heritage. With this aim in mind, a discrete choice model was designed and empirically tested with a representation of European travellers, using an alternative specific conditional logistic regression. The results show that the sharp increase in the occurrence of wildfires has had the greatest negative impact on tourists’ willingness to pay for their next holiday at the affected tourist destination, followed by severe losses in terrestrial wildlife and significant damage to cultural heritage. This study highlights the importance of having accurate information on future climate change conditions impacting land attributes at the local level, not only to be more effective in the early prevention of threats to prioritise but also to confront the potential damage to the tourism economy more efficiently.

An Edge Computing Environment for Early Wildfire Detection

Recently, an increasing demand is growing for installing a rapid response system in forest regions to enable an immediate and appropriate response to wildfires before they spread across vast areas. This paper introduces a multilevel system for early wildfire detection to support public authorities to immediately specify and attend to emergency demands. The presented work is designed and implemented within Edge Computing Infrastructure. At the first level; the dataset samples of wildfire represented by a set of video sequences are collected and labelled for training mode purposes. Then, YOLOv5 deep learning model is adopted in our framework to build a trained model for distinguishing the fire event against non-fire events in binary classification. The proposed system structure comprises IoT entities provided with camera sensor capabilities and NVIDIA Jetson Nano Developer kit as an edge computing environment. At the first level, a video camera is employed to assemble environment information received by the micro-controller middle level to handle and detect the possible fire event presenting in the interested area. The last level is characterized as making a decision by sending a text message and snapshot images to the cloud server. Meanwhile, a set of commands are sent to IoT nodes to operate the speakers and sprinklers, which are strategically assumed to place on the ground to give an alarm and prevent wildlife loss. The proposed system was tested and evaluated using a wildfire dataset constructed by our efforts. The experimental results exhibited 98% accurate detection of fire events in the video sequence. Further, a comparison study is performed in this research to confirm the results obtained from recent methods.

Forest Fire Risk Zone Mapping of Aalital Rural Municipality, Dadeldhura District, Nepal

Forest fire is one of the leading causes of forest and wildlife loss. The objective of this study was to use satellite imagery and Geographic Information System techniques to assess the forest fire risk zonation map of the Aalital rural municipality. This rural municipality is a part of the Sudurpaschim province, Nepal; is prone to forest fires. Four fire risk zones were established in the study area i.e. very high, high, medium, and low-risk zone. Thematic layers were derived from topographic maps and satellite imageries. For the delineation of fire risk zones, a multi-parametric weighted index model i.e. the FRI (Fire Risk Index) method was adopted. The fire incidence data provided by MODIS were used to validate the resulting forest fire risk zone map. About 25.17% of the total study area lies under the very high-risk zone followed by 46.51% under high risk, 25.68% under medium risk, and 2.62% under the low-risk zone. It can be inferred that the majority of the area is at high risk of forest fire. This map of fire risk zone can help in disaster and forest management as valuable data to prepare effective measures for appropriate fire risk management in the area.

Nature, Causes and Development Implications of Ecological Injustice in Uganda

Uganda is one of the developing countries in the world that experience ecological injustice emanating from unsustainable use of natural resources. This study attempted to reveal the nature, causes and implications of ecological injustices in Uganda through the descriptive design. The target population was 300 Senior Officers from UWA, NEMA, NFA and NFA from whom 30 interviews were done. Stratified simple and random sampling techniques were used to get the 30 respondents taking cognizance of their seniority, gender and Regularity Authority of Employment. Documents enabled access to quantitative data while interviews provided qualitative data. The results revealed an existing over exploitation of natural resources like forests, fisheries, land, wetlands and wildlife. This is caused by poverty, weak enforcement, corruption, increasing population and moral degeneration which have resulted into in low agricultural output, climate change and loss of forests, fish, wildlife and biodiversity. In conclusion, Uganda is experiencing ecological injustices that are not a natural phenomenon but politically, economically and socially constructed. It is possible to deconstruct them now in order to avoid desertification as well as imbalance of animals and plants in the ecological system due to exhaustion through research, innovation, awareness, enforcement, legislation and energy development.