Wild Herbaceous Plants Research Articles

Metal bioaccumulation and translocation potential of three herbal plant species at mine tailings

Phytoremediation as a technique for cleaning soil contaminated with potentially toxic metals uses plants that can absorb them, and then translocate and accumulate them in above-ground parts. Its effectiveness depends on the selection of adequate plants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential of three wild herbaceous plant species (Holcus lanatus L., Agrostis alba L., and Eupatorium cannabinum L.) growing on mine tailings for phytoremediation applications. The content of selected metals in soil and plant samples was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The research results indicate that the content of Pb and Cu in the soil of the rhizosphere of the studied species was higher than their remediation values, after the exploitation of polymetallic ore (lead-zinc-copper), which made the tailings an ecological hazard. The species H. lanatus proved to be a good candidate for the phytoaccumulation of Cr, and the species A. alba of Ca, while the species E. cannabinum proved to be phytoaccumulator of all tested metals in the researched mine tailings. Potential for phytoextraction applications were shown by the species H. lanatus for Cd, Cu, Mg and Ni, and A. alba for Cd and Zn.

Inhibition of carcinoma cell growth and promotion of inflammatory properties of macrophages by Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. macrocarpa ethanolic extract

IntroductionSilene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. macrocarpa is a wild herbaceous plant known for its nutraceutical properties, and use in folk medicine. This study investigates the anti-cancer properties of S. vulgaris extracts. MethodsThe leaves and roots of S. vulgaris were extracted by the Soxhlet extractor with ethanol, their phenolic content was determined by RTHPLC-DAD. By using squamous cell carcinoma cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages, we defined the ability of S. vulgaris extracts to kill tumour cells and suppress the tumour-promoting phenotype of macrophages. ResultsA total of 21 phenolic compounds were detected, among which dihydrochalcones phloredzin and phloretin were most abundant, encompassing about 70% of the whole polyphenolic content in leaf extract. In the root extract, 45.75% of the polyphenolic compounds are flavonoids (epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, and avicularin). The leaf and the root extracts exhibit cytotoxic activity against A431 tumour cells. The highest cytotoxic activity was observed by root extract (IC50 =102.65 vs 173.26 µg /mL). Interestingly, this extract also most potently induces the anti-tumour properties of BMDMs by decreasing the expression of genes typically expressed by tumour-associated macrophages, such as ARG1, CD163, CD209, TREM2, FIZZ1, MMP9, and CCL17, and suppressing the expression of the angiogenic factors EGF and VEGF. In contrast, the leaf extract promotes the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS in macrophages. ConclusionsThe results highlight the anti-tumour properties of S. vulgaris leaves and roots, which underscore its effectiveness in traditional medicine and may open new avenues for its use in therapeutic anti-cancer applications.

Rapid Chemical Profiling of Filipendula ulmaria Using CPC Fractionation, 2-D Mapping of 13C NMR Data, and High-Resolution LC-MS.

Filipendula ulmaria, commonly known as meadowsweet, is a wild herbaceous flowering plant that is widely distributed in Europe. A range of salicylic acid derivatives and flavonol glycosides have been previously associated with the antirheumatic and diuretic properties of F. ulmaria. In the present work, a hydroalcoholic extract from F. ulmaria aerial parts was extensively profiled using an efficient NMR-based dereplication strategy. The approach involves the fractionation of the crude extract by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), 13C NMR analysis of the fractions, 2D-cluster mapping of the entire NMR dataset, and, finally, structure elucidation using a natural metabolite database, validated by 2D NMR data interpretation and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The chemodiversity of the aerial parts was extensive, with 28 compounds unambiguously identified, spanning various biosynthetic classes. The F. ulmaria extract and CPC fractions were screened for their potential to enhance skin epidermal barrier function and skin renewal properties using in vitro assays performed on Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. Fractions containing quercetin, kaempferol glycosides, ursolic acid, pomolic acid, naringenin, β-sitosterol, and Tellimagrandins I and II were found to upregulate genes related to skin barrier function, epidermal renewal, and stress responses. This research is significant as it could provide a natural solution for improving hydration and skin renewal properties.

Archaeobotanical and palaeoenvironmental analyses from the easternmost Early Neolithic sites at Kamyane-Zavallia (Ukraine) and Nicolaevca V (Moldova)

Recent archaeological excavations at two Early Neolithic settlements at Kamyane-Zavallia (Ukraine) and Nicolaevca V (Moldova) have provided new plant assemblages. The sites belong to the Linearbandkeramik culture (LBK) and represent its easternmost settlements. In these regions, charred plant macro-remains are still very rarely sampled for and investigated, so these results may shed light on the plant-based economy of the first farmers of this area. Both sites are located in the area of loess soils, in the border zone between deciduous woodland, woodland steppe and steppe. A dominance of Triticum monococcum (einkorn) was evident at both sites, preserved both as grains and chaff (spikelet bases and glume base). Other cereals, including cf. T. dicoccum (emmer), cf. T. timopheevii and Hordeum vulgare (barley) were less frequent. Among wild herbaceous plants, ruderal and segetal communities were represented by species commonly found at LBK sites, including Chenopodium album type, Fallopia convolvulus, Echinochloa crus-galli and Lapsana communis. The majority of these plants are edible and it is also likely that they were used as food. At both sites, remains of awns of Stipa sp. (feather grass) were found, which indicate the existence of grasslands and/or open woodlands in the vicinity. The charcoal assemblages were dominated by a few taxa, such as Fraxinus sp., Quercus sp. and Cornus sp., suggesting that there were some wooded steppe and deciduous forests. Selected plant macro-remains were radiocarbon dated and the results show that they are from ca. 5200 − 5000 cal bc. From the same archaeobotanical samples, snails were analysed and the resulting malacofauna shows a dominance of open-country snails as well as those which might indicate local agricultural practices at both settlements.

In-silico Study of an Ethnobotanical Plant; Urtica dioica for Assessing Anti-diabetic Potential

Urtica dioica L (Bicchu buti) is anethnobotanical plant.It is a wild herbaceous perennial plant found in the Himalayan region of India and commonly known as stinging nettle. It has ethnobotanical importance, and is used to treat various disorders since ancient times.The aim of this paper is in-silico study of the U. dioica’s phytochemicals on the glucose metabolism related to alpha-amylase. Therefore, in this research, we have assessed the anti-diabetic potential of U. dioica found in Ranikhet tehsil, by in-silico method. Hence, weconducted molecular docking of phytochemicals with a molecular anti-diabetic target i.e., alpha-amylase. From our study, we found4 potential phytochemicals namely; Ursolic acid, Pinoresinol , Beta-Sitosterol, and (-)-Pinoresinol which could be useful in effective drugdevelopment and helpful in the treatment of diabetes problems

PHENOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF SOME SPECIES OF THE FAMILY RANUNCULACEAE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN CENTRAL YAKUTIA

The study of plant phenology is an important point in a changing climate. The purpose of these studies is to analyze regional climate changes in Central Yakutia and the phenological response of 4 species ( Pulsatilla angustifolia , Adonis sibirica , Delphinium grandifloru m и Aconitum barbatum ) of wild herbaceous plants to these events over the past 60 years. A statistically significant positive trend was observed in the temperature regime of Yakutsk for 1961-2021. The average air temperature of the frost-free period increased by 1,4 ºС, the growing season by 0,9 ºС and the summer season by 1,2 ºС. The average yearly precipitation has not changed significantly during this period. The increase in air temperature has led to minor shifts in the seasonal development of plants, which vary in duration and orientation. The earlier onset of the terms of the phenological phases is noted at the beginning of the growing season, and a significant shift is noted only in the terms of the spring regrowth of A. sibirica (p = 0,0314). The shift of the dates of the end of vegetation to later dates was noted in three species. The end of the vegetation of the short-vegetating hemiephemeroid A. sibirica has shifted to earlier dates. There were no significant differences in the duration of the prefloral period, which is due, to a greater extent, to the biological characteristics of the species rather than environmental factors. Changes in vegetation duration are more noticeable, although p-values are higher than the significance level (p = 0,1-0,8). There was a significant increase in the duration of vegetation only in A. barbatum (p = 0,04). This slight shift in the dates of the onset of the main phenological phases shows the inertia of the phenological response of plants to regional climate changes.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGULATORY DOCUMENTATION FOR HERB АSTRAGALUS DASYАNTHUS РАLL.

Relevance. Astragalus dasyanthus is widely used in folk and official medicine as a remedy for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. Re-quirements for the quality of this medicinal plant material are contained in SP 42-533-72. However, the specified regulatory documentation has lost its relevance, it lacks all the necessary data for the standardization of raw materials in accordance with modern requirements. Therefore, the purpose of our work is to determine the quality indicators for the standardization of the herb Astragalus dasyanthus and to prepare a new pharmacopoeial mono-graph that meets the requirements of the modern regulatory framework. Materials and methods. The object of the study was Astragalus dasyanthus Pall., collected in the phase of mass flowering and dried grass of a per-ennial wild herbaceous plant Astragalus dasyanthus Pall., of the legume family Fabaceae. Macro- and microscopic analysis of raw materials was carried out according to the methods of SP 14. The development of numerical indicators of the quality of Astragalus woolly-flowered grass was carried out on the basis of SP 42-533-72. Determination of indicators "Moisture", "Total ash", "Ash in-soluble in hydrochloric acid", "Determination of the content of extractive substances extracted by water" was carried out for whole, crushed raw mate-rials and powder according to the methods of the relevant general pharmacopoeial articles (GPA) of the State Pharmacopoeia 14 editions. Also, in ac-cordance with the requirements of SP 14, grinding standards were established for whole, crushed and powdered raw materials, and the content of im-purities for whole and crushed raw materials. To quantify the content of the sum of flavonoids in the herb Astragalus dasyanthus, the method of direct spectrophotometry was used. Results. The result of the scientific research carried out is the development of a pharmacopoeial article «Astragalus dasyanthus», which contains the data given in PA 42-533-72, as well as new standard indicators established taking into account the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia 14th edi-tion. The macro- and microdiagnostic signs of the herb Astragalus dasyanthus were revealed, allowing to carry out the diagnostics of raw materials. The norms for the content of moisture, total ash, ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid, impurities, extractive substances extracted by water, flavonoids in terms of hyperoside, as well as the limits of the degree of grinding of raw materials in the raw materials were determined. Conclusion. The results obtained make it possible to standardize whole, crushed and powdered raw materials in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory documentation for medicinal raw materials of plant origin.

DNA Barcoding and Morphometry Reveal Further Cryptic Bio-Diversity within the Pin Nematode Genus Paratylenchus (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae).

Paratylenchus species are obligate ectoparasitic nematodes on cultivated and wild herbaceous and woody plants occupying numerous soil categories. Several species may cause damage to several crops (viz. P. dianthus, P. enigmaticus, P. microdorus, P. hamatus and P. epacris on carnation, lettuce, rose and walnut, respectively). This investigation proves and emphasizes the relevance of applying integrative taxonomy for the accurate detection of Paratylenchus species in mountainous wild environments in the Malaga province, Southern Spain. This research analyzed 45 soil samples of maritimus pine and one of green heather in southern Spain and identified fourteen Paratylenchus species, two of them are described herein as new species (P. paraaonli sp. nov., P. plesiostraeleni sp. nov.), six of them were first reports for Spain (P. canchicus, P. nainianus, P. neonanus, P. salubris, Paratylenchus sp. 2 SAS, and P. wuae), and six species (P. caravaquenus, P. microdorus, P. nanus, P. neoamblycephalus, P. sheri, and P. variabilis) have been already reported in Spain. Accordingly, these data increase the biodiversity of pin nematodes in Spain comprising a total of 47 species (33.1% out of 142 total species of this genus). Phylogenetic analyses based on ribosomal and mitochondrial markers (D2-D3, ITS, and partial COI) resulted in a consistent position for the newly described Paratylenchus species in this study (P. plesiostraeleni sp. nov., P. paraaonli sp. nov.). Paratylenchus plesiostraeleni sp. nov. grouped in a separated subclade as unequivocal species from the P. straeleni-complex species (including P. straeleni and P. parastraeleni), and P. paraaonli sp. nov. clustered with P. vitecus, but clearly separate from this species. This study indicates that Paratylenchus species diversity in natural environments may be higher than expected, and this study may help in accurate identifications.

A Proposed New Species Complex within the Cosmopolitan Ring Nematode Criconema annuliferum (de Man, 1921) Micoletzky, 1925.

Ring nematodes are obligate ectoparasites on cultivated and wild herbaceous and woody plants, inhabiting many types of soil, but particularly sandy soils. This study explored the morphometrical and molecular diversity of ring nematodes resembling Criconema annuliferum in 222 soil samples from fruit crops in Spain, including almond, apricot, peach and plum, as well as populations from cultivated and wild olives, and common yew. Ring nematodes of the genus Criconema were detected in 12 samples from under Prunus spp. (5.5%), showing a low to moderate nematode soil densities in several localities from southeastern and northeastern Spain. The soil population densities of Criconema associated with Prunus spp. ranged from 1 nematode/500 cm3 of soil in apricot at Sástago (Zaragoza province) to 7950 and 42,491 nematodes/500 cm3 of soil in peach at Ricla and Calasparra (Murcia province), respectively. The integrative taxonomical analyses reveal the presence of two cryptic species identified using females, males (when available), and juveniles with detailed morphology, morphometry, and molecular markers (D2-D3, ITS, 18S, and COI), described herein as Criconema paraannuliferum sp. nov. and Criconema plesioannuliferum sp. nov. All molecular markers from each species were obtained from the same individuals, and these individuals were also used for morphological and morphometric analyses. Criconema paraannuliferum sp. nov. was found in a high soil density in two peach fields (7950 and 42,491 nematodes/500 cm3 of soil) showing the possibility of being pathogenic in some circumstances.

Potentialities of aqueous extract from cultivated Onopordum tauricum (Willd.) as milk clotting agent for cheesemaking

In Western and Central Mediterranean countries proteases from wild herbaceous perennial plants commonly known as “thistles” have been used as milk coagulants in cheese-making for centuries. For the first time, the technological and biochemical traits of proteases from cultivated Onopordum tauricum Willd. (Taurian thistle, bull cottonthistle) were assessed. The optimal conditions for minimizing the clotting time and the non-specific proteolytic activity were estimated at the highest (T = 43–45 °C; [Ca2+] = 11–13 mM) and the lowest (T = 35–39 °C; [Ca2+] = 5 mM) temperature and calcium ion levels in the explored range respectively, thus highlighting the difficulty to set the best operative compromise in the first step of cheesemaking. In the conditions adopted in common cheesemaking practice (T = 37 °C; pH = 6.5) 1 mL of reconstituted extract from cultivated thistles coagulated 10 mL of ewe’s and goat’s milk in 114–146 and 129–167 s, respectively, and 1 mL of reconstituted extract from spontaneous thistles coagulated 10 mL of ewe’s and goat’s milk in 232–294 and 428–621 s, respectively, while no significant differences in the non-specific proteolytic activity between cultivated and spontaneous O. tauricum extracts were observed. The purified enzyme (tauricosin) was identified as an aspartic protease made up of two sub-units with molecular weights of 32 and 9.6 kDa, respectively. Experimental data encouraged the exploitation of O. tauricum as a new and sustainable non-food crop in marginal and rainfed lands of Mediterranean countries, thus reducing the potential biodiversity losses due to wild collection.

Klasifikasi Citra Tanaman Perdu Liar Berkhasiat Obat Menggunakan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Radial Basis Function

Wild plants or what are usually called weeds are plants that are considered harmful because they grow in unwanted places. But it turns out that some wild plants have many benefits for the health of the human body. Wild plants have many forms of vegetation, one of which is often encountered is shrubs. There are many wild herbaceous plants that are efficacious as medicine. However, most of the people who do not have knowledge about the types of wild shrubs that have medicinal properties. This study aims to implement the Radial Basis Function (RBF) algorithm for the classification of wild herbaceous plant species with medicinal properties by extracting color and texture features. The color feature extraction is based on the average RGB value, while the texture feature extraction uses a Gabor filter with the mean, entropy, and variance parameters of the magnitude image. The result of feature extraction becomes input data which will be managed by the RBF artificial neural network. RBF is a neural network that has three layers that have feedforward properties that can assist in solving classification or pattern recognition problems. Based on the test results, the precision value is 91%, recall is 89% and accuracy is 90%. These results show that the Radial Basis Function (RBF) algorithm with color and texture feature extraction can classify wild shrubs with medicinal properties well.

FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTI BAKTERI SEDIAAN SALEP EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH CINA (peperomia pellucida) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus Aureus

Chinese betel leaf (Peperomiapellucida) is one among the wild herbaceous plants belonging to the Piperaceae family which is employed as a natural medicine. The study's goal was to determine the antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of Chinese betel leaf ointment against Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the optimal concentration. The test of the study was administered by the diffusion method using disc paper. The results of the characterization examination of Chinese betel leaf simplicia powder obtained water soluble extract content of 64.58%, ethanol soluble extract content of 24.95%, total ash content of three 3.2%, 5.9 % water of content and 0.28% acid insoluble ash content of and Simplisia contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Staphylococcus aureus obtained a degree of 8% with a diameter of 16.81, the diameter of the inhibition zone of the Chinese betel leaf ethanol extract against. The ethanol extract of Chinese betel leaf exhibits antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus, according to the findings of the study. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Chinese betel leaf Staphylococcus aureus

Carbonate-Induced Chemical Reductants Are Responsible for Iron Acquisition in Strategy I Wild Herbaceous Plants Native to Calcareous Grasslands.

Significant progress has been made in understanding Strategy I iron (Fe) acquisition using crop/model plants under controlled conditions in laboratories. However, plant species native to calcareous soils may have evolved unique strategies for adaptation to high carbonate/pH-induced Fe deficiency. Until now, little information is available on the Fe acquisition mechanisms in these plants. Here, we explored the Fe acquisition mechanisms in wild dicot species native to calcareous grasslands, by monitoring the Fe nutrition-related rhizosphere processes in field and greenhouse conditions. Most of these wild species displayed comparable shoot Fe concentration to those of crops, and some dicots actually accumulated very high shoot Fe. However, these species did not exhibit ferric reductase oxidase (FRO)-dependent Strategy I responses to Fe deficiency, including visual rhizosphere acidification and increased Fe3+ reduction. In contrast, chemical reductants exuded by roots of dicots were responsible for Fe3+ reduction in these wild plants. These features were not observed in the FRO-dependent Strategy I crop plant cucumber. Neither leaf chlorophyll nor shoot/root Fe was depressed by 10% CaCO3 application in all the examined wild species. Furthermore, their root exudation was significantly activated by CaCO3, leading to an increased Fe3+ reduction. We show that chemical reductant-mediated Fe3+ reduction occurs preferentially in these wild dicots and that these mechanisms are not sensitive to high soil carbonate/pH. Our findings support that Fe acquisition in Strategy I wild plants native to calcareous soils is substantially different from the enzyme-dependent system of Strategy I plants.

Morphological and Elemental Parameters of Himalayan Peony (<i>Paeonia emodi</i>) a Medicinal Plant in Relation to Different Forests of Garhwal Himalaya, India

Paeonia emodi (Paeoniaceae family) is an important wild herbaceous plant widely used in traditional and modern system of medicines to cure various ailments like diabetes, uterine diseases, blood purifier, colic, dropsy and epilepsy. The present study deals with morphological, elemental and soil chemical characteristics of P. emodi samples collected from different sites of Garhwal Himalaya. The plant height was highest (29.56 cm) in Gwaldam (GD) while the numbers of leaves were maximum (4.80) in Triyuginarayan (TN) population. Above ground fresh and dry weight was maximum in Pothivasa (PV) and Gwaldam populations (18.79 and 5.46 g, respectively). Highest below ground fresh weight (12.80 g) and dry weight (3.84 g) was recorded in Gwaldam and Randhar Bangar (RB) population respectively. The elemental analysis revealed the higher concentration of copper (0.612 mg/L) and iron (6.059 mg/L) in Gwaldam population, while magnesium (1.010 mg/L) and manganese (2.083 mg/L) detected higher in Pothivasa and Randhar Bangar populations respectively. The findings suggested that the population with higher fresh and dry weight can be targeted to obtain higher biomass of an elite population, while population with high elemental value can be used to obtain quality products with maximum health benefits. Further, the antidiabetic property of magnesium has proved the regular usefulness of P. emodi. In addition, the presence of toxic element like lead in low concentration also supported the safe and regular use of P. emodi .

Archaeological and archaeobotanical data from Malice and Lengyel culture site no. 8 in Kraków-Górka Narodowa (Southern Poland)

Preliminary data from newly excavated archaeological site no. 8 in Kraków-Górka Narodowa (southern Poland) show that two main phases of Early Neolithic occupation can be distinguished based on pottery finds, one associated with the Malice culture and the other with the Pleszów- Modlnica group of the Lengyel culture. These data are presented along with lithic materials and discussed in the context of the results of the archaeobotanical analysis. Charred plant macro-remains obtained from 18 samples coming from five archaeological features showed that the only cultivated plants documented were two species of cereals: Triticum dicoccum and Triticum monococcum. Wild herbaceous plants were represented by several taxa such as Chenopodium type album, Bromus sp., Echinochloa crus-galli, Sambucus sp. and Fallopia convolvulus, among others. In addition, a single nutshell of hazel Corylus avellana appeared. Among wood charcoal remains, only two taxa were found: Quercus sp. and Fraxinus excelsior.

Pengaruh Inokulasi Glomus mosseae terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Artemisia cina Berg ex Poljakov

Artemisia cina is a wild herbaceous plant that has secondary metabolites as a source of antioxidants. The addition of mycorrhizal species Glomus mosseae can increase the antioxidant activity of plants Artemisia cina. This study aims to determine the effect of mycorrhizal Glomus mosseae on the growth and content of antioxidant compounds in Artemisia cina. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD), with four levels of treatment, namely: media without G. mosseae (control), media with G. mosseae 5,10 and 15 g with 5 replications for each treatment. Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, 5th leaf length and width, wet and dry weight, root length, percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenols were also observed. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method. The results showed that the treatment Glomus mosseae with a dose of 15 g was significantly different from the control on plant growth parameters, number of leaves, root length, wet weight and dry weight of plants, and percentage of mycorrhizal colonization in plants. Treatment of Glomus mosseae 15 g on the test results of antioxidant compounds also showed the highest content of chlorophyll, carotenoids, phenols and flavonoids from the statistical test results found in the 15 g treatment, respectively, namely 6,405 g/ml; 0.766 g/ml; 70.9 g/ml; and 335 g/ml had a significant difference to the control treatment. While the results of the antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method showed that the control treatment had the highest antioxidant activity with an ICvalue50 of 9,494 g/ml. The results showed that the mycorrhizal species of G. mosseae increased the growth and content of antioxidant compounds inplants A. cina.

Lexical and semantic features of the names of herbaceous plants in dialects of the Khanty language

Introduction. The vocabulary of the plant world of the Khanty language contains a significant amount of information, closely connected with ethno-mentality, ethnography and thinking of the people. In this regard, the study of vegetation seems to be one of the most interesting layers of the vocabulary, since it reflects the degree of practical and cultural development of the surrounding nature. The purpose of the article is to establish the lexical and semantic features of the nominations of wild-growing herbs, the definition of dialectal features. The aim of the research is to identify the nominations of herbs with the greatest possible completeness, to establish the lexical meaning of each name in dialects of the language. The relevance of the topic is determined by the research interest to the study of differences between the dialects in the theoretical and practical terms; the attention recently been paid to folk spiritual and material culture; and the loss of certain plant names in the modern Khanty language. Materials and Methods. The study uses a set of methods and techniques for analyzing linguistic material: the method of semantic classification, lexical-semantic analysis, word-formation, linguistic-geographical analysis, as well as the elements of etymological analysis. The description is the main method for studying names of the plants. The source of the material is based on the vocabulary of the Khanty language, which was collected during field work; the source of Eastern dialects was the materials contained in lexicographic publications. When collecting the lexical material, the observation was conducted mainly on the speech of representatives of the older generation, as well as the people who have a traditional way of life, who retain the patterns of active spoken language. At the same time, not only facts that are in the active vocabulary of speakers were recorded, but also the words related to the passive vocabulary, which native speakers use only in conversations and sharing the memories of the past. Results and Discussion. The study of dialectal material based on the names of plants in the Khanty language is of great research interest. The life of the Khanty people since ancient times is closely connected with nature, the vocabulary of the plant world covers almost all spheres of economic activity of the Khanty, thereby making up a significant part of their vocabulary. In Khanty linguistics, this vocabulary has not yet been the subject of a special and detailed study, which makes it an urgent research task for today. The article identifies the signs that underlie the motivation of plant names and highlights the borrowed words. Conclusion. The collected vocabulary tells about the richness and vastness of phytonymic vocabulary of the Khanty language. The authors collected about 50 Khanty names of wild herbaceous plants in the Northern and Eastern dialects of the Khanty language. As a result of the research, new lexemes were identified and described, and the interpretation of the semantics of lexemes was clarified. Late borrowings of Russian origin are recorded. It was found that some dialect words are not actively used in the modern Khanty language. In flora vocabulary, the diversity and multiplicity of the nomination principles was revealed.

Zinc and cadmium accumulation in different parts of wild plants of the Asteraceae family and Triticum aestivum

The regularities of the accumulation and distribution of metals (Zn and Cd) in various parts of wild herbaceous plants and the agricultural crop of the impact zone in Rostov region (Russia) was considered. A large accumulation of elements in wild herbaceous plants of the Asteraceae family was noted compared with Triticum aestivum. The pollution of Triticum aestivum by Cd was observed. Wild herbaceous plants of the Asteraceae family were contaminated mostly with Zn. It was found that Artemisia austriaca and Ambrosia artemisiifolia accumulated Zn and Cd in the aboveground part. Achillea nobilis accumulated Cd mainly in the root system. Closer location monitoring plots to the source of anthropogenic load and the location of the northwest winds prevailing in the region were main influencing factors leading to higher pollution.

Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using naturally available wild herbaceous plant and its antibacterial activity

The irrational use of antibiotics has caused an increment in bacterial resistance to these compounds, leading humans to go in quest of alternative effective antimicrobial factors with less side effects as compared to antimicrobial compounds with less unwanted side effects. Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) could be considered as one of the most important antibacterial agents. In this study, the aqueous extract of Fumaria officinalis leaf was prepared and used in optimal conditions(pH=10, extract volume=8, metal salt concentration=10 mM, temperature 100 °C and time=120 min) for reduction of silver ions and synthesis of AgNPs. The resulted AgNPs were characterized by different techniques including UV-Vis, and XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDX and FTIR, respectively. Finally, the antibacterial activity of AgNPs on two pathogens (Escherichia coli (PTTC 1707), and Staphylococcus aureus (PTTC 1112)), was investigated using agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. The extract of Fumaria officinalis displayed high potential to synthesize of stable spherical AgNPs in shape with size below 25 nm. The nanoparticles showed considerable antibacterial effect on two tested bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus for AgNPs was 12.5 and 6.25 μg / ml, respectively.

Consistent host and organ occupancy of phyllosphere bacteria in a community of wild herbaceous plant species

Bacteria colonizing the aerial parts of plants (phyllosphere) are linked to the biology of their host. They impact plant–pathogen interactions and may influence plant reproduction. Past studies have shown differences in composition and structure of the leaf, flower, and host microbiota, but an investigation of the impact of individual taxa on these variations remains to be tested. Such information will help to evaluate disparities and to better understand the biology and evolution of the plant–microbe associations. In the present study, we investigated the community structure, occupancy of host and organ, and the prevalence of phyllosphere bacteria from three host species collected at the same location. Almost all (98%) of bacterial taxa detected in the phyllosphere were not only shared across leaves and flowers, or different plant species but also had a conserved prevalence across sub-environments of the phyllosphere. We also found nonrandom associations of the phylogenetic diversity of phyllosphere bacteria. These results suggest that the phyllosphere microbiota is more conserved than previously acknowledged, and dominated by generalist bacteria adapted to environmental heterogeneity through evolutionary conserved traits.