Wilcoxon Sign Test Research Articles

Comparison of Holter With Zio Patch Electrocardiography Monitoring in Children

The standard for ambulatory arrhythmia detection in children is the Holter monitor. The Zio XT (Zio) patch has been FDA-approved for use in adults. However, its utility in children has not been directly compared with the Holter. We studied the ability to detect arrhythmias and patient comfort of the Zio versus the Holter in children. Patients <22 years old were prospectively enrolled to wear the Holter and Zio simultaneously for 48 hours at our institution. Detection of clinically significant arrhythmias was compared using McNemar's test. Wear-time and artifact time was compared using Wilcoxon sign test. Patient satisfaction ratings were analyzed with paired t tests. Two hundred patients (57% male) were included for analysis. The median age was 13.5 years (range 23 days to 21.7 years), and 40% had heart disease. The Zio and Holter had comparable median wear-times, 48.2 hours (interquartile range [IQR] 45.8 to 50.2]) versus 48.0 (48.0 to 48.0), respectively, p = 0.14, but the Zio had less artifact than the Holter, 2.8% (IQR 1.1 to 8.6) versus 5.6% (2.4 to 15.7), respectively, p <0.001. There was no difference in detection of clinically significant arrhythmias for the Zio versus the Holter (p = 0.23), however 75% of patients preferred the Zio over the Holter (p <0.001) due to lack of wires and the ability to shower. In conclusion, the Zio patch is as good as the Holter monitor in detection of clinically significant arrhythmias in children with less artifact. Patients/parents more often preferred the Zio over the Holter.

Determination of acidity in metal incorporated zeolites by infrared spectrometry using artificial neural network as chemometric approach.

The NH3-TPD analysis is a costly and tedious method to determine zeolites acidity. Thus, to do so, FTIR spectroscopy was quantitatively used as a fast and cost-effectively method. Back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) was used for the analysis of multivariate base on the characteristic absorbance of 11 zeolite samples after metal substitution in the ~3612 cm-1 region. The successive projection algorithm (SPA) was conducted for the uninformative variable elimination and feature selection strategies. The effect of pre-processing methods (e.g. MC and MSC) was examined. It is observed after using MSC for minimizing the light scattering effect and signal-to-noise correction, the minimum mean squared error (MSE) value of the testing set data reduced from 5.36 × 10-2 to 2.19 × 10-4 and Rtot increases from 0.91 to 0.99. Also, the results of nonparametric Wilcoxon t-test and Sign test methods also confirmed that there is no clear difference between the zeolite acidity obtained by two conventional method and the proposed method.

Clinical, functional, and isokinetic study of a prospective series of anterior cruciate ligament ligamentoplasty with pedicular hamstrings.

Few studies describe the specific results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with pedicled hamstring graft (HG). Our goal was to report the isokinetic, clinical, and functional outcomes over the post-operative year following pedicled hamstring ligamentoplasty. Twenty-four patients with ACL rupture (mean age 27.4years) were included prospectively. The technique used a four-stranded HG transplant pedicled to the tibia. The functional result (Lysholm knee score and subjective IKDC score), clinical result (KT-1000, Lachman test, joint amplitudes, objective IKDC score), and isokinetic complication occurrence were analyzed at sixmonths and 12months follow-up. The functional results, clinical parameters, and complications were analyzed at 30months follow-up. The comparison of the variables with the various regressions was carried out by a Wilcoxon sign test. Twenty-one patients were reviewed at six, nine, 12, and 30months. The mean Lysholm knee score was 90/100 at sixmonths, 96/100 atoneyear, and 95/100 at 30months. The mean subjective IKDC score was 77/100 and 89/100 at six and 12months, and 91/100 at 30months. The mean difference in laxity compared with the healthy knee was 1.4mm at sixmonths, 1.9mm at 12months, and 2mm at 30months. The objective IKDC score was A or B for all patients at 12 and 30months. The average quadriceps strength deficit decreased from 27 to 16% between sixand 12months post-operative (p = 0.0091) and the average flexor deficit from 23 to 12% (p = 0.0084). No complications were identified. The abovementioned technique allows reaching functional, clinical, and isokinetic results comparable with the standard techniques while preserving the mechanical and biological interest of tibial insertion.

Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Permainan Sirkuit Untuk Meningkatkan Motorik Halus Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun

This study aimed to: (1) develop a circuit-based learning model appropriate to early childhood development, and (2) to know the effectiveness of the application of circuit-based learning model to the children's fine motor at the age of 4-5 years. This type of research is Research and Development. This type of research is research and development (R & D). Research subjects in this study were children aged 4-5 years. The technique and instrument of data collection is by using interview, observation sheet and validation sheet or questionnaire. The data analysis technique of effectiveness test used is by nonparametric statistic analysis Wilcoxon test or sign test. The Result of Developing a Game Based Learning Model The Circuit contains steps in which it consists of several game activity postings, and is documented in the form of CDs and instructional instruction manuals. Learning steps consisting of preliminary activities, warm-up activities, core activities (circuit play), and end activities (cooling). The results of validation by experts and also teachers found that the products developed into the category of good. The development of circuit-based learning model is declared effective in improving children's fine motor

Glycaemic response at night is improved after eating a high protein meal compared with a standard meal: A cross-over study

Eating at night, compared to day-time, results in a relative hyperglycaemia contributing to an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes for those who habitually eat at night, such as shift workers. Meal choice at night can adversely impact postprandial glycaemia. Meals high in protein have the capacity to favourably reduce night time perturbations in glucose. The aim of this study was to examine if a high protein meal attenuates postprandial glucose at night, compared with a standard protein meal. In a 2×2 factor cross over design, healthy adults completed four acute meal challenges. Test meals were consumed at 8am and 8pm on separate occasions; a high protein (HP) meal (41% of energy from protein, 29% from carbohydrates) or isocaloric standard meal (15% from protein, 46% from carbohydrate). Bloods were sampled at fasting and for three hours postprandially and incremental area under the curve (iAUC) determined using the trapezoid rule. Freidman's test was conducted prior to post hoc Wilcoxon sign test, and significance set at p<0.0083 after Bonferroni correction. Plasma glucose median (IQR) iAUC after the HP meal was similar to the standard meal when consumed in the morning (12.9 (19.9) vs. 36.4 (99.6)mmol/L.3h, p=0.028). The HP meal elicited a significantly lower glucose iAUC (59.6 (117.0)mmol/L.3h) compared to the standard meal (208.8 (154.1)mmol/L.3h) when consumed at night (p=0.005). No significant differences in insulin responses were found between test meals, at either time of day (p=0.100). A HP meal is effective in attenuating the postprandial glucose excursion observed with night eating by 71.4%, compared to a meal with a macronutrient composition within dietary guidelines. If eating at night, reducing the carbohydrate content of a meal, and replacing this with protein, can result in a more favourable postprandial metabolic response. Trial ID number: ACTRN12617000294358, Website of trial registry: http://www.anzctr.org.au/.

COMPARISON OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF SIX DIFFERENT INTRACANAL MEDICAMENTS ON ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS

Aim: to investigate the antimicrobial effects of six different intracanal medicaments on Enterococcus faecalis. Material & Methods: An agar well diffusion test was used to determine the efficacy of the experimental medicaments in removing E. faecalis (ATCC 29212). Medicaments were divided into 7 groups; calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) with saline, Ca(OH)2 with anaesthetic solution, Ca(OH)2 with propylene glycol, commercially available premixed Ca(OH)2 paste, chlorhexidine gluconate gel, triple antibiotic paste (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, doxicycline) with propylen glycol and talk powder with saline as negative control group. The diameters of the growth inhibition zones for each group were measured after 24 and 48 hours. Differences between groups were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, and intragroup differences were analysed using Wilcoxon sign test. Results: Diameter of the inhibition zone observed for the triple antibiotic paste was significantly larger (p<0.01) and the diameter of the inhibition zone observed for the chlorhexidine gluconate gel was significantly smaller in comparison to the other tested medicaments (p<0.05). Conclusion: All of the tested medicaments were found to be effective on E. faecalis. However the results suggest that the triple antibiotic paste would be the preferred medicament against E. faecalis as it has the greatest antibacterial effect among the tested medicaments.

Modeling uncertain data using Monte Carlo integration method for clustering

Nowadays, data clustering is an important task to the mining research community since the availability of uncertain data is increasing rapidly in many applications such as weather forecasting, business information management systems. In this work, proposed Monte Carlo integration based uncertain objects modeling technique is compared with three state-of-the-art methods namely, kernel density estimation, Dempster–Shafer, and Monte Carlo simulation. Then Kullback–Leibler and Jeffrey divergences are used to measure the similarity between uncertain objects and merge them with modified DBSCAN and k-medoids clustering algorithms. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to find the optimum radius, which is one of the inputs of DBSCAN. All the experiments are performed on one synthesized dataset and three real datasets namely, weather data, Japanese vowels and activity of daily living data. Five performance measures namely, accuracy, precision, recall, F-score, and Jaccard index are considered for comparing proposed method with state-of-the-art methods. Two non-parametric tests namely, Wilcoxon rank sum and sign test are also conducted. These results denote the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method over state-of-the-art methods.

FAKTOR - FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUTUSAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI MELAKUKAN ALIH KOMODITI PADI SAWAH KE PERIKANAN DI DESA LIMAN SARI KECAMATAN BUAY MADANG TIMUR

The objectives of this study were to: 1) analyze the factors that influence farmers to transfer lowland rice commodities to fisheries, 2) calculate how much the difference in income received by farmer households from lowland rice commodity transfers to fisheries. The results showed that the factors that influenced the decision of the farmer household in transferring lowland rice commodities to fisheries at the test level up to 20% were farmers' income (4.3%), total production (12.9%) and farming risk (12.6. %), while the land area owned has no significant effect, while the results of statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon sign test analysis, obtained the value of Zhitung = -5,373 &lt;Ztabel with p value (Asymp sign 2 tailed) = 0,000 which is less than the critical value of research 0, 05. This shows that the income of farmers who change the commodity of lowland rice to catfish farming is greater, namely Rp. 94,833,642 per year per hectare compared to income from lowland rice farming that does not change its land function, namely Rp. 25,154,791, - per year per year. acres.

Mixed methods study: a one-week international service project enhances healthcare competencies

ABSTRACT Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) core competencies are widely accepted as a guide to prepare healthcare professionals. Two competency domains, values/ethics and roles and responsibilities, have specific relevance when investigating the effectiveness of a transcultural interprofessional experience. Participants were University of South Alabama students from the Colleges of Allied Health Professions, Medicine, and Nursing, who volunteered for a 7-day service learning experience in Trinidad. A convergent mixed methods research design was used. Students completed two Likert scale surveys, the Interprofessional Education Collaborative Competency Survey (IPECC) and the Transcultural Self–Efficacy Tool- Multidisciplinary Healthcare Provider Version (TSET-MHP), prior to and following the experience. A Wilcoxon Sign Test was used to analyze quantitative data. Qualitative data, guided by the Critical Incident Technique, was obtained from diary entries during the trip and a selected member focus group post-trip. There was a significant improvement in all three cultural competency domains of the TSET-MHP (p < .001). The most frequently reported IPEC sub-competencies were the ability to work in cooperation with those who receive, provide, and support care; and the ability to engage diverse healthcare providers to complement one’s own professional expertise. Based on participant report, an international interprofessional clinical experience appears to be effective in enhancing health care competencies.

Positive end-expiratory pressure improves elastic working pressure in anesthetized children

BackgroundPositive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has been demonstrated to decrease ventilator-induced lung injury in patients under mechanical ventilation (MV) for acute respiratory failure. Recently, some studies have proposed some beneficial effects of PEEP in ventilated patients without lung injury. The influence of PEEP on respiratory mechanics in children is not well known. Our aim was to determine the effects on respiratory mechanics of setting PEEP at 5 cmH2O in anesthetized healthy children.MethodsPatients younger than 15 years old without history of lung injury scheduled for elective surgery gave informed consent and were enrolled in the study. After usual care for general anesthesia, patients were placed on volume controlled MV. Two sets of respiratory mechanics studies were performed using inspiratory and expiratory breath hold, with PEEP 0 and 5 cmH2O. The maximum inspiratory and expiratory flow (QI and QE) as well as peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), plateau pressure (PPL) and total PEEP (tPEEP) were measured. Respiratory system compliance (CRS), inspiratory and expiratory resistances (RawI and RawE) and time constants (KTI and KTE) were calculated. Data were expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR). Wilcoxon sign test and Spearman’s analysis were used. Significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsWe included 30 patients, median age 39 (15–61.3) months old, 60% male. When PEEP increased, PIP increased from 12 (11,14) to 15.5 (14,18), and CRS increased from 0.9 (0.9,1.2) to 1.2 (0.9,1.4) mL·kg− 1·cmH2O− 1; additionally, when PEEP increased, driving pressure decreased from 6.8 (5.9,8.1) to 5.8 (4.7,7.1) cmH2O, and QE decreased from 13.8 (11.8,18.7) to 11.7 (9.1,13.5) L·min− 1 (all P < 0.01). There were no significant changes in resistance and QI.ConclusionsAnalysis of respiratory mechanics in anesthetized healthy children shows that PEEP at 5 cmH2O places the respiratory system in a better position in the P/V curve. A better understanding of lung mechanics may lead to changes in the traditional ventilatory approach, limiting injury associated with MV.

Pengaruh Suplementasi Vitamin E Terhadap Kadar Prostaglandin (PGF2α) dan Intensitas Nyeri Haid (Dysmenorrhea) Primer Pada Remaja Putri

Painful menstruation (dysmenorrhoe) caused by a primary phase endometrium secretion producing excessive prostaglandin F2 alpha . The research aimed at investigating the effect of vitamin E supplementation on the prostaglandin content (PGF2α) and the primary (dysmenorrhea )intensity. This was a quasi experiment reseacrh with the pre-post test control group design The research result indicates that the average PGF2α content in the intervention group who is given the vitamin E is lower than control group who is given the vitamin E is lower than the control group who is given the placebo. The pain intensity median in the intervention group who is given the vitamin E is lower than the control group who is given the placebo. There is the effect of the vitamin E supplementation on the PGF2a and the pain intesity (dysmenorrhoe). Based on the paired T- test, the PGF2aof the intervention group is (p=0.000) and the cotrol group is (p=0,0.158) with a=0.05. Based on Wilcoxon sign test, the menstrual pain intensity of the intervention group is (p=0.000) and the control group is (p=0.480).

PENGARUH TERAPI TERTAWA TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA LANJUT USIA DI UPTD GRIYA WERDHA SURABAYA

The influence of an aging process experienced by elderly led to various problems such as physically, mental, and social economic. One of the psychological problems experienced by the elderly is anxiety. The purpose of this study is to find the influence of laugh therapy at the level of anxiety on elderly at the UPTD Griya Werdha Surabaya. This research using pre-experimental design by the approach one group pra-post test design, the amount of the sample 33 elderly aged 60-74 years, uses probability sampling by the simple random sampling technique. The independent variable is laugh therapy and the dependent variable is the extent of anxiety on elderly. Uses a DASS 42 questionnaire 42 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale), analyzed by Wilcoxon sign test. The research results show before it was given laugh therapy most of 17 respondents (51,5 % ) is having moderate anxiety and after having given laugh therapy obtained almost entirely 30 respondents ( 90,9 % ) is having mild anxiety. The results of the analysis ρ=0,000 where ρ=0,000 means h0 rejected. It means there are the influence of laugh therapy on the level of anxiety on elderly at the UPTD Griya Werdha Surabaya. The conclusions from the study, laugh therapy is able to reduce the anxiety on the elderly. Hopefully the nurse will continue the laugh therapy at UPTD Griya Werdha Surabaya, so that elderly motivated to do this activity regularly and gather.

Comparison of the effect of hemihydrate calcium sulfate granules and Cerabone on dental socket preservation: An animal experiment.

Background. Early bone loss due to tooth extraction can be significantly reduced by socket preservation. The aim of this study was to compare the in vivo effects of hemihydrate calcium sulfate granules (an alloplastic material) and Cerabone (a bovine-derived xenograft) on socket preservation in dogs. Methods. Six male Mongrel dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=3) for sacrificing and histological evaluation 4 and 8 weeks after a surgery. The second and third premolars on both sides of the lower jaw were extracted surgically. The sockets on one side were filled with Cerabone, and with calcium sulfate on the opposite side. In the slides, the ratio of the area of newly formed bone to the area of the entire cavity, and the ratio of the area of fibrous connective tissue to the area of the entire cavity were measured. The presence of inflammation was also examined. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Sign test and McNemar test were used for statistical analyses (ɑ=0.05). Results. The means of new bone proportion were 11% and 8% for Cerabone and calcium sulfate, respectively (P=0.58). The means of connective tissue proportion were 29% and 33% for Cerabone and calcium sulfate, respectively (P=0.72). No inflammatory cells were observed in the Cerabone group, although 50% of the samples in the calcium sulfate group showed inflammation (P=0.50). Conclusion. The effects of calcium sulfate and Cerabone on socket preservation in dogs on bone formation, fibrous connective tissue and inflammation levels were not significantly different at 4- and 8-week postoperative intervals.

Well-being, diabetes management and breastfeeding in mothers with type 1 diabetes – An explorative analysis

ObjectivesThe aim was to explore and investigate associations between well-being, diabetes management and breastfeeding in mothers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) up to six months postpartum. MethodsAn explorative analysis of self-reported questionnaires measuring general well-being, sense of coherence, self-efficacy of diabetes management and experiences of diabetes management during breastfeeding, which were distributed to 155 mothers with T1DM at two months and at six months after childbirth. The questionnaires were answered by 128 (82.5%) at two months and 137 (88.4%) at six months after birth. Statistical analysis included; descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon sign-rank test, sign test and Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rs). ResultsThe majority of the mothers had fairly high levels of general well-being and diabetes management but a quarter had a low sense of coherence at both two and six months after birth. A weak association was found between more unstable blood glucose levels and lower general well-being at two months postpartum, but no other associations with erratic glycaemia was found. Those with lower grades of general well-being and sense of coherence had a higher need of professional support to manage their diabetes than they were offered, at both two and six months. ConclusionTo develop more optimal care routines for mothers with T1DM after childbirth, further studies are needed to identify those most in need of additional support.

EFFECT OF TREASURY SINGLE ACCOUNTS (TSA) ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MINISTRIES, DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES (MDA) IN NIGERIA

Purpose of the article: The policy on the Treasury Single Account (TSA) was institutionalized to hedge financial loopholes, promote transparency and prevent mismanagement of government’s revenue by unifying all accounts of the government and preventing mismanagement of revenues by those agencies that generate revenue. This study however, examines the effect of the TSA policy on the performances of federal government MDAs in Nigeria. Methodology/methods: The study relied basically on primary data which was obtained through questionnaire designed and administered to 75 respondents drawn from the federal government ministries, departments, agencies and parastatals (MDA) within Anambra metropolis in the eastern part of Nigeria. Analysis was based on the Wilcoxon sign test. Scientific aim: This study aims to empirically establish through available statistics the effect of implementing TSA on the performance of government ministries, departments and agencies in Nigeria. Findings: The result of this research indicate that the institutionalization of TSA has significantly affected and improved the performance of federal government MDAs at 5% level of significance which goes further to confirm that treasury single account is capable of blocking financial loopholes in revenue generation and promoting transparency and accountability. Conclusion: The study concludes by recommending that since the adoption of TSA has significantly improved the performance of federal government ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs) in Nigeria, government should enforce the adoption of TSA and ensure that it is mandatory for all MDAs and parastatals in the country.

Relaksasi Progresif terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Post Operasi BPH (Benigna Prostat Hyperplasia)

&lt;p&gt;Pain is one of the most common complaints in patients after experiencing a surgery. Surgery is a biphasic event against the human body that implies pain management. In post-surgery patients feel severe pain and 75% of patients have unpleasant experiences due to inadequate pain management.Based on the results of activity reports in Dr. Hi. Abdul Moeloek Public Hospital in Lampung Province in July-December 2016 obtained data operation BPH as many as 51 inhabitants. The objective of this research was to find out the effect of progressive relaxation to an intensity of pain for BPH (Benigna Prostate Hyperplasia) post-surgery patient. This was a quasi-experiment research by using one group pretest and posttest design. 20 respondent samples were taken by using accidental sampling. Data were collected by using observation sheet and analyzed by using univariate and bivariate analyses with Wilcoxon sign test. The results showed that the mean value of pain before the progressive relaxation therapy equal to 5.20 with standard deviation 0.834. While the mean value of pain scale after it was 3.60 with standard deviation 0.681. Analysis with Wilcoxon sign test derived p-value 0.000 (ρ-value 0.000 &amp;lt; α 0.05), and the conclusion there was a significant effect the mean value of pain in the post-surgery patient’s BPH (Benigna Prostate Hyperplasia) after progressive relaxation therapy. The researcher expects that the progressive relaxation therapy can be used by more operational methods. &lt;/p&gt;

A Multicenter Prospective Comparison of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones: Clinical Competency Committee vs. Resident Self-Assessment

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires accredited residency programs to implement competency-based assessments of medical trainees based upon nationally established Milestones. Clinical competency committees (CCC) are required to prepare biannual reports using the Milestones and ensure reporting to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Previous research demonstrated a strong correlation between CCC and resident scores on the Milestones at 1 institution. We sought to evaluate a national sampling of general surgery residency programs and hypothesized that CCC and resident assessments are similar. Details regarding the makeup and process of each CCC were obtained. Major disparities were defined as an absolute mean difference of ≥0.5 on the 4-point scale. A negative assessment disparity indicated that the residents evaluated themselves at a lower level than did the CCC. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon rank sum and Sign tests. CCCs and categorical general surgery residents from 15 residency programs completed the Milestones document independently during the spring of 2016. Overall, 334 residents were included; 44 (13%) and 43 (13%) residents scored themselves ≥0.5 points higher and lower than the CCC, respectively. Female residents scored themselves a mean of 0.08 points lower, and male residents scored themselves a mean of 0.03 points higher than the CCC. Median assessment differences for postgraduate year (PGY) 1-5 were 0.03 (range: -0.94 to 1.28), -0.11 (range: -1.22 to 1.22), -0.08 (range: -1.28 to 0.81), 0.02 (range: -0.91 to 1.00), and -0.19 (range: -1.16 to 0.50), respectively. Residents in university vs. independent programs had higher rates of negative assessment differences in medical knowledge (15% vs. 6%; P = 0.015), patient care (17% vs. 5%; P = 0.002), professionalism (23% vs. 14%; P = 0.013), and system-based practice (18% vs. 9%; P = 0.031) competencies. Major assessment disparities by sex or PGY were similar among individual competencies. Surgery residents in this national cohort demonstrated self-awareness when compared to assessments by their respective CCCs. This was independent of program type, sex, or level of training. PGY 5 residents, female residents, and those from university programs consistently rated themselves lower than the CCC, but these were not major disparities and the significance of this is unclear.

Penyuluhan dengan Multimedia untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan tentang Perilaku Hidup Sehat dan Bersih Siswa SMA

Children are future generations which are the most important asset in order to achieve Nation’s success to realize it is needed to apply Clean and Healthy Life Behaviors (PHBS) by no smoking, right personal hygiene, regular physical exercise, and no drugs by using multimedia method extension towards students’ knowledge of Clean and Healthy Life Behaviors (PHBS) on educational aspect in SMA Negeri 1 Gondang Mojokerto. The research design is used Pre-Experiment, which is applied One-Group Pre-Post Test Design. The populations of students which join School Health Program are 101 students, and the samples are 81 students taken by probability sampling (Simple Random Sampling). The independent variable is extension through multimedia method and the dependent variable is students’ knowledge about Clean and Healthy Life Behaviors (PHBS) on educational aspect. The data is taken by the using of puzzle game crosswords form which is use after and before extension. After all of data collected and data processing statistical test followed by Wilcoxon sign test SPSS17, the result showed Asymp.Sig value (2-tailed) of 0.000 and α of 0.05. Because Asymp.Sig value (2-tailed) ;α 0.05 then H0is rejected and H1 is accepted, it means that there is an influence using multimedia method extension towards students’ knowledge of Clean and Healthy Life Behaviors (PHBS) on educational aspect in SMA Negeri 1 Gondang Mojokero.; Key words: patients with violent behavior, nurse experience, qualitative

Turkish Standardized Reading Passage for the Evaluation of Hard Glottal Attack Occurrence Frequency

This study aimed to develop a Turkish reading passage that can be used in evaluating the frequency of hard glottal attack (HGA) and to assess its reliability. This is a prospective case-control study. The Towne-Heuer reading passage is a valuable tool that can be used for the auditory-perceptual assessment of voice. The characteristics of the first four paragraphs of the reading passage were analyzed by a linguist. Then, a Turkish reading passage with similar characteristics was developed. The control group (n = 21) consisted of individuals with no voice disorder. The study group consisted of two subgroups that were diagnosed as having vocal fold nodules (n = 11) and muscle tension dysphonia (n = 10). A total of three listeners were evaluated for the frequency of HGAs. One of the listeners was a master's student, whereas the other two listeners were speech-language pathologists. Consistency between the listeners was evaluated by using the percent agreement and the kappa statistics. Intrarater reliability was assessed by the Wilcoxon sign test. The t test was used to evaluate potential differences between the groups. The results were considered as significant if the P value was <0.05. The average attack number in the study group was found to be significantly higher than the controls (P < 0.05). No significant difference could be discerned between the muscle tension dysphonia and vocal nodule subgroups (P > 0.05). Findings confirmed that HGAs are clearly related to the vocal hyperfunction; however, the mechanism of action needs more research. In addition, the relationship between syllable stress and HGA should be further researched to clarify the cause of the attack number differences between English and Turkish languages.

The Level of Egg Sterility and Mosquitoes Age After The Release of Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) in Ngaliyan Semarang

Dengue control efforts have not provided adequate results. Therefore we need other measures like sterile in-sect Technique (SIT). This study aimed to observe the level of egg sterility and age of Aedes aegypti mosqui-toes after using SIT in Ngaliyan Semarang. The method of this research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. A sample of the mosquitoes eggs are all the mosquitoes eggs on the paper trap in every house of RW2 population in Ngaliyan village. These samples are the result of the fertilization of male and female mosquitoes in nature. Data analysis using Wilcoxon sign test. The result showed that the average of egg sterility percentage in mosquitoes after using SIT indoors was 73.65% and the average of egg sterility per-centage outdoors was 69.08%. Wilcoxon test showed significant differences in average age of mosquitoes egg (p < 0.05), males pupae (p < 0.05), females pupae (p < 0.05), and adult female mosquitoes (p < 0.05), before and after SIT. It can conclude from this research that the SIT release in Ngaliyan village Semarang city could increase the level of sterility mosquito’s eggs and a decrease of the age of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in this area.