Widespread Participation Research Articles

Political Relations: Political Identity and Social Media in Elections in Indonesia

This research examines the role of social media in shaping political identity and political participation in contemporary Indonesia. Utilizing document analysis, the study explores how individuals and societal groups use social media as a tool to influence and participate in political discourse. The method employed in this research is qualitative descriptive. The findings reveal that social media facilitates a framework for personal action, enabling widespread participation in various political and social issues, and integrating personal lifestyle values into political dialogue. The study also pays attention to the challenges faced by political parties in Indonesia in attracting voters, especially the younger generation who are highly engaged with social media, in the lead-up to the 2024 simultaneous elections. Lastly, it is found that social media has deepened social interaction and information for the millennial generation, particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic, affecting their views on politics and religion. The conclusion of this research emphasizes the importance of social media in shaping the political landscape in Indonesia, providing significant insights into how digital technology affects political participation and social identity.

Rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) in prewar China: Communal finance and the roots of economic development

AbstractThis article studies Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCAs) in late imperial and Republican‐era Shanxi province, China, from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries. It investigates how communal finance fostered pre‐industrial economic growth and commercial activity. Drawing on previously unused, original materials from historical Shanxi ROSCAs and households, it makes several important discoveries. First, it finds widespread ROSCA participation, estimating no fewer than 7.1 per cent of Shanxi households participated in ROSCAs. Second, it estimates expected internal rates of returns on ROSCA membership at 2.55–6.01 per cent annually. This suggests that ROSCAs were economically competitive with other Chinese traditional financiers, which often charged more for loans and offered less to savers. Third, it finds a surprising degree of liquidity for ROSCA shares. Finally, it uncovers commercial entities participating in ROSCAs, suggesting ROSCAs could be useful to for‐profit enterprises. The article concludes that ROSCAs and communal finance may have played an important role in supporting pre‐industrial economic activity.

From traditional flower fair to “degenerate temple” to modern exposition: The local politics and spatial improvement of Qingyang Palace in Chengdu (1906–1937)

Prior to the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895, arguments for transforming cities’ traditional saihui (賽會, ‘religious processions’) into modern expositions frequently appeared in newspapers, and in 1906, the inland city of Chengdu took the lead in putting this into practice. Unlike expositions in other cities, which were either held at factories or in parks, or put on exhibitions at newly constructed venues, the Chengdu Industrial Exposition was reborn from the Qingyang Palace (青羊宫 Qingyang gong) Flower Fair, which had a long-standing history. Officials began holding industrial expositions at the former site of the Qingyang Palace Flower Fair during the period of the New Policy of the late Qing Dynasty, to revitalize industry and commerce and furthermore in the hopes of achieving the objectives of transforming folk customs and improving society. During the Republican period, the Sichuanese government was controlled by warlords, and the industrial exposition was suspended and reinstated several times, but due to the inertia of folk tradition, the flower fairs were consistently held as they had been before. As a space for temporary public exhibitions in the early modern era, the Qingyang Palace Industrial Exposition not only became a field for the exhibition of and chess games between different wills to power due to the concentration of the city’s principal capital forces and agents of power, but furthermore became a focal point for social relationships due to attracting social commentary and a high degree of attention from the media through widespread participation by merchants. From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic, in the course of officials holding industrial expositions at and promoting the spatial improvement of Qingyang Palace and Erxian Temple, the pulsation of early modern trends of thought, treachery in local politics, the deep roots of traditional customs, and multilateral chess games between social forces surged, engraving the difficult process of the modern metamorphosis, reshaping and growth of a traditional inland city.

Barriers and benefits of breast cancer prevention programs in Poland

Breast cancer is the leading kind of malignancy among women in Poland. Mammography is recognised as a non-invasive diagnostic technique; yet, there exists a notable deficiency in the frequency of routine preventative screenings among Polish women. The aim of this research was to address the following inquiries: why there is a lack of widespread participation among women in Poland in cost-free tests that have the potential to save their lives, and what factors might motivate their engagement in preventative programmes. In order to achieve this objective, a survey was undertaken. The early detection of breast cancer significantly enhances the likelihood of achieving a full remission. Although most Polish women are aware that they can take a preventive test, still too few women take a mammogram. There is a need for modifications to be made in the precautionary screening system in order to enhance women’s motivation to engage in preventive care.

Preface

Advanced Optics & Photonics Research in Engineering, the foundation of natural science, always play as the most important role in the modern research. The overarching goal of this AOPR 2023 is to offer a powerful platform for all participants, to introduce the domestic and foreign newest achievements of Advanced Optics & Photonics Research in Engineering, focus on accelerating and improving the development of the applied Optics and photonics, examining the depth of their impact on experiment, methods and concepts, share the directions for new innovative business and core technology, and continues to meet both requirements and challenges through continual technology advancement and innovation from the latest research.The 3rd International Conference on Advanced Optics & Photonics Research in Engineering (AOPR 2023) (https://www.aopr-conf.com/), was held on July 20-22, 2023 in Wuhan, China. Aiming at providing an excellent international academic forum for all the researchers and practitioners, the conference enjoys a wide spread participation among all over the universities and research institutes, which not only covers the particular issues for the Optics and photonics but also reflect its impact on its related studies. This volume will be of interest to academics, professionals, engineers and students, who involves in the development of Advanced Optics & Photonics Research in Engineering.Under a strict peer-review process by experts and reviewers, the general acceptance rate is about 54%, we received over 72 submissions, and 39 papers have been accepted by our reviewers and guest editors and finally collected in the AOPR2023 Proceeding, which includes recent accomplishments in a number of areas about Advanced Optics & Photonics Research in Engineering. The application field ranges from manufacturing industry to daily life.Finally, we hope this collection can enhance the understanding of Optics and photonics more applications and creations. We appreciate all participants and speakers who presented at AOPR2023 conference; meanwhile, we look forward to a more successful conference next year.The Organizing Committee of AOPR2023List of Committee is available in this pdf.

An intelligent decision support system for acute postoperative endophthalmitis: design, development and evaluation of a smartphone application

BackgroundToday, clinical decision support systems based on artificial intelligence can significantly help physicians in the correct diagnosis and quick rapid treatment of endophthalmitis as the most important cause of blindness in emergency diseases. This study aimed to design, develop, and evaluate an intelligent decision support system for acute postoperative endophthalmitis.MethodsThis study was conducted in 2020–2021 in three phases: analysis, design and development, and evaluation. The user needs and the features of the system were identified through interviews with end users. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The list of clinical signs of acute postoperative endophthalmitis was provided to ophthalmologists for prioritization. 4 algorithms support vector machine, decision tree classifier, k-nearest neighbors, and random forest were used in the design of the computing core of the system for disease diagnosis. The acute postoperative endophthalmitis diagnosis application was developed for using by physicians and patients. Based on the data of 60 acute postoperative endophthalmitis patients, 143 acute postoperative endophthalmitis records and 12 non-acute postoperative endophthalmitis records were identified. The learning process of the algorithm was performed on 70% of the data and 30% of the data was used for evaluation.ResultsThe most important features of the application for physicians were selecting clinical signs and symptoms, predicting diagnosis based on artificial intelligence, physician–patient communication, selecting the appropriate treatment, and easy access to scientific resources. The results of the usability evaluation showed that the application was good with a mean (± SD) score of 7.73 ± 0.53 out of 10.ConclusionA decision support system with accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity, negative predictive values, F-measure and area under precision-recall curve 100% was created thanks to widespread participation, the use of clinical specialists' experiences and their awareness of patients' needs, as well as the availability of a comprehensive acute postoperative endophthalmitis clinical dataset.

The Many Faces of Histidine Triad Nucleotide Binding Protein 1 (HINT1).

The histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) is a nucleoside phosphoramidase that has garnered interest due to its widespread expression and participation in a broad range of biological processes. Herein, we discuss the role of HINT1 as a regulator of several CNS functions, tumor suppressor, and mast cell activator via its interactions with multiple G-protein-coupled receptors and transcription factors. Importantly, altered HINT1 expression and mutation are connected to the progression of multiple disease states, including several neuropsychiatric disorders, peripheral neuropathy, and tumorigenesis. Additionally, due to its involvement in the activation of several clinically used phosphoramidate prodrugs, tremendous efforts have been made to better understand the interactions behind nucleoside binding and phosphoramidate hydrolysis by HINT1. We detail the substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism of HINT1 hydrolysis, while highlighting the structural biology behind these efforts. The aim of this review is to summarize the multitude of biological and pharmacological functions in which HINT1 participates while addressing the areas of need for future research.

A National Voter Registration Campaign.

Research suggests that increased voting among adults is associated with improved child health. Despite the benefits of voting, the United States has low voter turnout compared with peer nations. Turnout is especially low among marginalized people in the United States. Voter registration is essential for increasing voter turnout, and registration efforts have been successfully carried out in clinical settings. Working with a nonprofit called Vot-ER, we advocated for nonpartisan voter registration efforts in pediatric settings nationwide preceding the November 2020 US elections. We describe lessons learned from these efforts. Using data obtained from Vot-ER, we also provide the first estimates of participation in a national voter registration campaign in pediatric settings. There was widespread engagement in voter registration efforts among pediatricians in 2020. Many lessons were learned from these efforts, including the benefits of advanced planning because registration deadlines can be up to 1 month in advance of Election Day. Obtaining buy-in from numerous stakeholders (e.g., health center leadership, public relations teams) supports widespread staff participation. Also important is to consider the tradeoffs between active voter registration (in which staff can broach the topic of voting with patients and families) and passive efforts (in which voting is discussed only if patients or families inquire about it). These and other lessons can inform future voter registration efforts in diverse pediatric settings across the country.

Vitamin D status and clinical implications in the adult population of Malaysia: a position paper by the Malaysian Vitamin D Special Interest Group.

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is common among populations globally, and in Asia and Malaysia. The purpose of this Position Paper is to propose recommendations for both clinicians and non-clinicians to promote vitamin D sufficiency in Malaysian adults. Formation of a national multisector, multidisciplinary alliance is also proposed to progress initiatives relating to safe sun exposure, adequate vitamin D intake through food fortification, and vitamin D supplementation for high-risk groups. Literature reviews were undertaken to inform summaries of the following: vitamin D status globally and in Asian and Malaysian populations, vitamin D status among individuals with common medical conditions, and current recommendations to achieve vitamin D sufficiency through sun exposure, food intake and supplementation. Recommendations were based on the findings of the literature reviews, recent European guidance on vitamin D supplementation, the 2018 road map for action on vitamin D in low- and middle-income countries, and research recommendations proposed by the Malaysian Ministry of Health in 2017. Recommendations on assessment of vitamin D in the adult Malaysian population include using serum or plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration as a biomarker, widespread participation by Malaysian laboratories in the Vitamin D Standardization Program, adoption of the US Endocrine Society definitions of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, and development of a comprehensive nationwide vitamin D status study. Specific high-risk groups are identified for vitamin D assessment and recommendations relating to loading doses and ongoing management are also made. This Position Paper provides individual clinicians and national stakeholder organisations with clear recommendations to achieve vitamin D sufficiency in the adult population of Malaysia.

Preface: 2nd International Conference on Advances in Financial Technology and Economic Management (AFTEM 2023)

The 2023 2nd International Conference on Advances in Financial Technology and Economic Management (AFTEM 2023) was held during June 10-11, 2023 in Lyon, France. Aiming at providing an excellent international academic forum for all the researchers and practitioners, the conference enjoys a wide spread participation among all over the universities and research institutes.
 AFTEM 2023 provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences, establishes business or research relations and global partners for future collaboration. This conference proceeding tends to collect the most up-to-date, comprehensive, and worldwide state-of-art knowledge on financial technology, economic management, business, marketing and other related topics. All the accepted papers have been submitted to strict peer-review by 2-3 expert referees. The conference program is extremely rich, profound, and featuring high-impact presentations of selected papers and additional late-breaking contributions.
 We sincerely hope that the conference would not only show the participants a broad overview of the latest research results on related fields, but also provide them with a significant platform for academic connection and exchange. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the keynote speakers, editors and organizers for their hard work, precious time and endeavor preparing for the conference. Our deepest thanks also go to the volunteers and staffs for their long-hours work. We would like to thank each of the authors and participants for their great contributions to the success of AFTEM 2023.
 Organizing Committees of AFTEM 2023
 Lyon, France

The Role of Specialty Certification in Career-Long Competence.

Across the medical profession there is broad acceptance of the critical role of continuing medical education (CME) in enabling physicians to adapt to both new information and evolving expectations within the profession. In the presence of widespread participation in CME, some have attempted to question, discredit, or marginalize the role of ongoing lifelong assessment of physician knowledge and skills through specialty continuing certification, advocating instead for a participatory standard based only on engagement with CME. This essay outlines the limitations of physician self-evaluation and clarifies the need for external assessments. Certification boards' role is to set specialty-specific standards for competence, assess to those standards, and assure the public that certified physicians are adequately maintaining their skills and abilities; doing so credibly necessarily requires, in part, independent assessments of physician competence. In these contexts, the specialty boards are taking approaches to identify performance gaps and leverage intrinsic motivation to facilitate physician engagement in targeted learning. Specialty board continuing certification plays a unique role, distinct from and complementary to the CME enterprise. Calls to eliminate continuing certification requirements beyond self-directed CME are contradictory to the evidence and fail the profession and the public.

(Ri) educate to Political Participation: The Democratic Challenge

In recent decades, an increasingly significant break in the bond that binds politics and subjects has been affirmed. An increasing number of citizens have distanced themselves from politics and its party drift and have ceased to recognize themselves in it and in its institutional representatives. This process has pushed the subjects towards individualistic orientations and privatization of the experience. The increasingly low level of political culture of the citizens, both outcome and cause of the growing disaffection and deresponsibilization, exposes to the risk of an increasingly demagogic, populist and low democratic policy. The last decades, therefore, have undermined the conditions for the existence of a “critical citizen”, a priority objective to ensure fully democratic decision-making and government processes. The goal of a full and widespread democratic participation requires training courses of political culture, starting from a rethinking and a redesign of the times and spaces of training so that widespread conditions of learning knowledge and skills elicitation for a full voice are guaranteed Keywords: democracy, participation skills, third spaces, cities, complexity

Voice Recognition Systems for The Disabled Electorate: Critical Review on Architectures and Authentication Strategies

An inevitable factor that makes the concept of electronic voting irresistible is the fact that it offers the possibility of exceeding the manual voting process in terms of convenience, widespread participation, and consideration for People Living with Disabilities. The underlying voting technology and ballot design can determine the credibility of election results, influence how voters felt about their ability to exercise their right to vote, and their willingness to accept the legitimacy of electoral results. However, the adoption of e-voting systems has unveiled a new set of problems such as security threats, trust, and reliability of voting systems and the electoral process itself. This paper presents a critical literature review on concepts, architectures, and existing authentication strategies in voice recognition systems for the e-voting system for the disabled electorate. Consequently, in this paper, an intelligent yet secure scheme for electronic voting systems specifically for people living with disabilities is presented.

Reinforced MOOCs Concept Recommendation in Heterogeneous Information Networks

Massive open online courses (MOOCs), which offer open access and widespread interactive participation through the internet, are quickly becoming the preferred method for online and remote learning. Several MOOC platforms offer the service of course recommendation to users, to improve the learning experience of users. Despite the usefulness of this service, we consider that recommending courses to users directly may neglect their varying degrees of expertise. To mitigate this gap, we examine an interesting problem of concept recommendation in this paper, which can be viewed as recommending knowledge to users in a fine-grained way. We put forward a novel approach, termedHinCRec-RL, forConceptRecommendation in MOOCs, which is based onHeterogeneousInformationNetworks andReinforcementLearning. In particular, we propose to shape the problem of concept recommendation within a reinforcement learning framework to characterize the dynamic interaction between users and knowledge concepts in MOOCs. Furthermore, we propose to form the interactions among users, courses, videos, and concepts into aheterogeneous information network (HIN)to learn the semantic user representations better. We then employ an attentional graph neural network to represent the users in the HIN, based on meta-paths. Extensive experiments are conducted on a real-world dataset collected from a Chinese MOOC platform,XuetangX, to validate the efficacy of our proposed HinCRec-RL. Experimental results and analysis demonstrate that our proposed HinCRec-RL performs well when compared with several state-of-the-art models.

Engagement with Urban Soils Part II: Starting Points for Sustainable Urban Planning Guidelines Derived from Maya Soil Connectivity

Using the Precolumbian lowland Maya model of urban soil connectivity discussed in Part I, we review how soil connectivity can transition into urban planning policy and, by extension, could ultimately become codified as vantages and guidelines for urban design. In Maya agro-urban landscapes, the interspersion of open and green space with construction and paving provides edges (or interfaces) between sealed and unsealed soils at which the potential for soil connectivity manifests. These edges create an undeniable opportunity for urban planning to determine methods, guidelines, and conditions that can enhance soil connectivity. We argue that adequate attention to soils in urban sustainability goals would counteract misconceptions about the compact city paradigm and compensation for soil sealing in urban practice. Through preserving and increasing urban soil availability, proximity, and accessibility, advisory policies can stimulate shared values and everyday behaviours that reinforce the responsible and productive use of urban soils. Such urban planning can enable and encourage widespread participation in urban soil management. To promote policymaking on urban soils, we assess the importance and challenges of using urban green space as a proxy for the presence of urban soils. Our review suggests that urban green space offers high potential for use in urban planning to develop habit architectures that nurture soil-oriented pro-environmental behaviour. However, we also acknowledge the need for consistent and systematic data on urban soils that match sustainable urban development concepts to assist the effective transition of soil connectivity into urban planning codifications. Formulating adequate soil-oriented planning guidelines will require translating empirical insights into policy applications. To this end, we propose methods for enhancing our understanding and ability to monitor urban soil connectivity, including onsite surveys of land-use and bottom-up experience of soils, the mapping of the edges between sealed and unsealed soils, and using landscape ecological scales of analysis. In conclusion, we position soil care and connectivity as a primary task for urban planning and design and digest our findings and empirical vantages into concrete starting points devised as instruments to support urban planning in achieving soil codification.

Science communication is integral to attracting widespread participation in bushfire recovery citizen science

The 2019/20 bushfire season was a catastrophic event affecting large areas of Australia. Due to the devastating impact on biodiversity, the Australian public wanted to contribute towards assessing the impact of this disaster. To address this, three citizen science projects were established to engage citizen scientists in various aspects of environmental recovery. The projects offered different ways of participating, ranging from online, through to community field events, including those requiring specialised localised knowledge. As a result, communication approaches targeting different audiences were required. Here, we detail the communication strategies employed to promote and engage a diverse national and global audience in bushfire recovery projects. We provide metrics and analysis on how and where we promoted projects, including a breakdown of participation numbers for each project. We detail lessons learnt, and how we would improve our communication approach for future disaster recovery events to increase awareness at a community level and more broadly. Despite numerous challenges, including organising public-facing events during a global pandemic, the program serves as an exemplar of how to successfully partner with communities, research teams and government to enable citizen scientists to make meaningful, valuable and timely contributions to research. Ultimately, the program enabled widespread community involvement in bushfire recovery and filled gaps in baseline and post-fire data.

Project ECHO for Cancer Care: a Scoping Review of Provider Outcome Evaluations.

The Project ECHO model of telementoring has been used for the past 10years to expand access to specialized cancer care. This scoping review identifies evidence for the model's ability to improve provider outcomes, synthesizing findings from existing studies within Moore et al.'s (2009) framework for continuing medical education outcomes. We search two large research databases and a collection maintained by Project ECHO staff for articles that focus on cancer ECHO programs, involve primary data collection, and were published between December 1, 2016, and November 30, 2021. We identified 25 articles for inclusion in our scoping review. Most articles reported results for outcomes related to program participation: attendance, satisfaction, and learning. Yet, just under half reported changes in provider practices. Results demonstrate widespread participation and improved learning resulting from ECHO programs focused on cancer care. There is also evidence of improved practices related to HCV vaccination and palliative care. We highlight examples of best practices as well as opportunities to improve provider outcome evaluations for cancer ECHO programs.

Preface

The Program Committee warmly welcomes all our distinguished delegates and guests to attend the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Optics & Photonics Research in Engineering (AOPR 2022) (https://www.aopr-conf.com/), Due to the influence of COVID-19, the Online International Conference was held on December 16-17, 2022. Aiming at providing an excellent international academic forum for all the researchers and practitioners, the conference enjoys a wide spread participation among all over the universities and research institutes.It was provide opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences, to establish business or research relations and to find global partners for future collaboration. Papers and topic concentrates on related fields of Advanced Optics & Photonics Research in Engineering are presented.AOPR2022 proceeding tends to collect the most up-to-date, comprehensive, and worldwide state-of-art knowledge on Advanced Optics & Photonics Research in Engineering and other related topics. All the accepted papers have been submitted to strict peer-review by 2-3 international expert referees, and selected based on originality, significance and clarity for the purpose of the conference. The conference program is extremely rich, profound and featuring high-impact presentations of selected papers and additional late-breaking contributions. I sincerely hope that the conference would not only show the participants a broad overview of the latest research results on related fields, but also provide them with a significant platform for academic connection and exchange. The Technical Program Committee members have been working very hard to meet the deadline of review. The final conference received over 65 submissions, and 34 papers have been accepted.I would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the keynote speakers, editors, TPC members and organizers for their hard work, precious time and endeavor preparing for the conference. Our deepest thanks also go to the volunteers and staffs for their long-hours work and generosity they’ve given to the conference. The last but not least, we would like to thank each and every of the authors, speakers and participants for their great contributions to the success of AOPR2022.The Organizing Committee of AOPR2022List of Committee is available in this Pdf.

Preface

3rd International Conference on Physics and Engineering Mathematics (ICPEM2022) (https://www.icpem.cn/), Due to the influence of COVID-19, the Online International Conference was held on December 16-17, 2022. The Conference covers a broad range of areas from Physics and Engineering Mathematics. Applied Physics, Engineering Mathematics, Modeling and simulation are just a few subjects covered by the Conference. Aiming at providing an excellent international academic forum for all the researchers and practitioners, the conference enjoys a wide spread participation among all over the universities and research institutes.Organization is led by Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Nature Science, China. We have 6 keynote speakers who will be talking on a diversity of interesting topics during the Conference. We rigorously assessed 77 submitted papers of which 42 were accepted. All the accepted papers have been submitted to strict peer-review by 2-3 international expert referees, and selected based on originality, significance and clarity for the purpose of the conference. We are grateful to our 66 reviewers who dedicated their valuable time and put sincere effort in assessing submissions. We thank to all contributors to ICPEM2022 whether their submissions were accepted or not. We wish that their invaluable contributions will continue in ICPEM2023.Finally, we hope this collection can enhance the understanding of physics sciences and encourage more applications and creations. We appreciate all participants and speakers who presented at ICPEM Online conference at this special year; meanwhile, we look forward to a more successful conference next year.The Organizing Committee of ICPEM2022List of Committee, Conference Chairs, Editors, Program Chairs, Technical Program Committee are available in this pdf.

Constitutional inclusion in divided societies: Conceptual choices, practical dilemmas and the contribution of the grassroots in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland

Processes of constitutional discussion increasingly invite widespread popular inclusion and participation. Conceptual and practical problems remain, not least the respects in which inclusion is to take place. In deeply divided places, these challenges are intensified, first in the difficulties of conceptualising inclusion, and second in the practical dangers participation may pose to peace. We tackle these problems empirically by looking at a hard case of constitutional discussion amid division: the re-emergence of debate about Irish unity in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Through focus groups and interviews, we explore how ‘others’, disengaged from the main political groups and defined transversally, approach the discussion, showing that they welcome the prospect of participation and seek to remove discursive triggers of conflict by focussing on shared everyday experience. We discuss the implications for the constitutional process and the likely impact on polarisation. The analysis has implications for the literature on divided societies, for constitutional theory and for policy. We argue that it is both possible and desirable to remedy group exclusion while facilitating universalistic discussion and lessening the dangers of polarisation. The policy implications are quite radical.