Wide Terrain Research Articles

A DIGITAL TOURISM MAP TO GUIDE THE FEATURED TOURIST LOCATIONS IN THE BENDOSARI-PUJON TOURISM VILLAGE

Each tourist village has its own set of attractions; that being said, Bendosari-Pujon Tourism Village offers its own beautiful. This village in Malang Regency provides dairy farming, milk processing, and plantation excursions. Additionally, one of the village famous sites, Grojokan Sewu Waterfall is really popular. Bendosari-Pujon Tourism Village is unique in that it converts cow dung into biogas. However, the wide terrain of Bendosari Village makes tourist sites difficult to reach without a car. This issue significantly lowers visitors' awareness of Bendosari Village's tourist attractions. Rapid technological growth has benefited humanity in numerous ways. Almost every productive-aged person utilizes a smartphone on a regular basis. This could help share information. Based on this rationale, the researchers employed descriptive, qualitative methodologies to find the best option. During data collection, researchers were able to restrict Bendosari Village's advertising needs and expand its tourism attractions thanks to technological advances. The research seek to identify the most effective digital channel for promoting key tourist destinations.

Digital surface model generation from high‐resolution satellite stereos based on hybrid feature fusion network

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that deep learning‐based stereo matching methods (DLSMs) can far exceed conventional ones on most benchmark datasets by both improving visual performance and decreasing the mismatching rate. However, applying DLSMs on high‐resolution satellite stereos with broad image coverage and wide terrain variety is still challenging. First, the broad coverage of satellite stereos brings a wide disparity range, while DLSMs are limited to a narrow disparity range in most cases, resulting in incorrect disparity estimation in areas with contradictory disparity ranges. Second, high‐resolution satellite stereos always comprise various terrain types, which is more complicated than carefully prepared datasets. Thus, the performance of DLSMs on satellite stereos is unstable, especially for intractable regions such as texture‐less and occluded regions. Third, generating DSMs requires occlusion‐aware disparity maps, while traditional occlusion detection methods are not always applicable for DLSMs with continuous disparity. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes a novel DLSM‐based DSM generation workflow. The workflow comprises three steps: pre‐processing, disparity estimation and post‐processing. The pre‐processing step introduces low‐resolution terrain to shift unmatched disparity ranges into a fixed scope and crops satellite stereos to regular patches. The disparity estimation step proposes a hybrid feature fusion network (HF2Net) to improve the matching performance. In detail, HF2Net designs a cross‐scale feature extractor (CSF) and a multi‐scale cost filter. The feature extractor differentiates structural‐context features in complex scenes and thus enhances HF2Net's robustness to satellite stereos, especially on intractable regions. The cost filter filters out most matching errors to ensure accurate disparity estimation. The post‐processing step generates initial DSM patches with estimated disparity maps and then refines them for the final large‐scale DSMs. Primary experiments on the public US3D dataset showed better accuracy than state‐of‐the‐art methods, indicating HF2Net's superiority. We then created a self‐made Gaofen‐7 dataset to train HF2Net and conducted DSM generation experiments on two Gaofen‐7 stereos to further demonstrate the effectiveness and practical capability of the proposed workflow.

Foreign Traders in South America and the Financing of the Independence Wars, 1820-1830

Studying commerce and traders from a global perspective allows us to analyze the material and cultural exchanges that took place beyond national borders, which are often obscured by traditional historical perspectives centered on the nation. This wide terrain is explored here by addressing — and visualizing — the interrelations between the South American ports of Lima, Valparaíso and Buenos Aires, from the vantage point of independent Peru. To do so, we study the links among foreign merchants who were rooted or closely connected to such ports in the context of the South American wars of independence. War placed Peru in a disastrous economic situation, a circumstance that foreign merchants exploited by becoming the main lenders to the new State, which struggled to cover the expenses of the army to sustain the war. These businessmen created a mercantile network that bridged the boundaries of the recently created nation-states and testified to their great business skills as it broke the economic system of commercial control that had prevailed during three hundred years. Research in Peruvian Governmental, Notary, and Customs documentation unveils their ability to act as agents, negotiate loans and purchases, and take advantage of the wartime crisis to become the main providers of weaponry and military supplies and acquire a privileged position. Since South America was not prepared to reach its independence in the early 19th century without an army, without money, or without weaponry, the nascent states’ economic and financial dependence on foreign traders that started during these times was in a sense inevitable.

Heather Murray, Asylum Ways of Seeing: Psychiatric Patients, American Thought and Culture

In Asylum Ways of Seeing, Heather Murray promises a ‘book about people with mental illnesses and distress and those in their orbits who cared for and observed them’ (p. 1). In so doing, Murray charts an exuberantly wide terrain for what she has dubbed ‘patient cultures’, using an impressive range of sources: patient case files (from public and private hospitals), patient and family letters, medical literature to memoirs, novels and Hollywood films, and a broad range of anti-psychiatry literature. Focusing on North America, Murray weaves together her disparate sources to create four broad chronological eras that begin with the early 1920s and end with the present. She writes of the post–World War I era that ‘a sense of inevitability was more likely to define ideas about mental illness within the confines of institutional psychiatry particularly during the interwar era, and this posture toward one’s lot in life had its parallel in a larger sensibility and mode of engagement with life: a sense that one was powerless to change the way things are, that what can’t be cured must be endured’ (p.4). She characterises the mid-century patient as transformed by the therapeutic optimism of ‘biological cures’, in which the patient sheds resignation for an ‘ideal of activity and transformation’. She writes, ‘As scientific modernity came to be seen as something that the individual could engage with and possibly manipulate, autonomy and self-possession deepened as ideals in the institutional setting’ (pp. 5–6). By the late 1960s and 1970s, with an increasing crescendo of critiques of state hospitals and psychiatry as repressive, and against the background of the growing civil rights movement, she describes a new emerging patient culture, one that reflected a growing distrust of institutions and their potential for repression and a newfound neoliberal ideology that valorised individual independence and disdained dependence, especially on the welfare state.

Generation of the Forest Cover Map of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Based on the Multisource Dataset and Random Forest

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) plays a significant role in global climate change and biodiversity conservation. As the third pole of the Earth, it has a wide range and complex terrain. QTP has a vertical distribution of vegetation, and its forest ecosystems play a key role in the region. Forest extraction in this region is still a comprehensive problem because of the phenological periods of different forest types in distinct regions of the QTP and the characteristics of frequent rain and cloudy weather in the south. Taking these factors into consideration, multiple features, including reflectance, spectral indices, statistical backscattering coefficients, topographic slope, and aspect, derived from a multisource dataset incorporating optical remote sensing data, synthetic radar, and digital elevation models, were applied to extract forest in the QTP based on the random forest (RF) classification method. As more than 30 features were involved, the 5-folded cross-validation method was used to determine the optimal parameters and features for the RF model. Using 14,919 forest samples and a multifeature optimized RF classification model, a 10-m resolution forest cover map of QTP in 2021 was generated based on the Sentinel series of satellite datasets and digital elevation model datasets on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. After verification, the overall accuracy of the forest cover map generated in this article is 98.3%, and the Kappa coefficient is 0.95, which is better than the European Space Agency (ESA) WorldCover forest layer.

The Case for an Interspecies Theory of Democracy

Abstract This review seeks to locate Vink's book, The Open Society and Its Animals, within the wider terrain of the political turn in animal ethics. It explains what is meant by a nonanthropocentric interspecies theory of democracy, and how it might be justified, and sets out Vink's distinction between the political and legal representation of animals together with her preference for the latter. While agreeing that there is a strong case for a nonanthropocentric theory of democracy, and that an enfranchisement model is preferable to one based on citizenship, the review argues that Vink overestimates the problems associated with the political enfranchisement of animals and underestimates the difficulties associated with their legal enfranchisement.

Exploring Climate Change in U.S. Housing Policy

ABSTRACT Housing is an established channel for U.S. climate policy. Local and national environmental policymakers have attempted to mitigate the contributions of home energy use and residential sprawl to the greenhouse gas emissions that cause global climate change for almost a half-century. More recently, hazard and planning officials are also exploring how to adapt housing to the multiple environmental effects that are already being realized as a consequence. But how is contemporary housing policy responding to the opportunities and needs of the climate crisis? The wide terrain of housing policy—including local land-use regulations, public subsidies for affordable housing production and maintenance, direct aid to households for their housing costs, the enforcement of fair housing laws, and the promotion of secure and affordable lending institutions among many relevant policy interventions—has struggled with integrating climate mitigation and adaptation strategies for a host of reasons. Resource constraints abound. Housing policymakers continue to focus on other persistent challenges such as the housing affordability crisis. The challenge of integrating climate response in this already complex social, economic, and environmental system may even be overwhelming. This special issue of Housing Policy Debate explores the ways in which the range of contemporary housing-relevant policy addresses climate change or, as the submissions suggest, ignores it.

Lu Märten: An Introduction to Four Texts

Abstract This article presents an introduction to four texts that the German feminist-materialist art historian Lu Märten (1879–1970) published between 1903 and 1928. It outlines some of the major concepts of and contexts for this unduly neglected thinker. Her writings covered a wide terrain that spanned studies on the labor conditions of female artists, polemics against “proletarian art,” and a monist, rather than dialectical, view on film, art, and what she called the “full life-work of a human.” At the core of her multiple endeavors was the demand for remaking the history of art as a history of form that is more capacious than art's institutionalized Western field. Situating Märten's work in historical debates (e.g., on Marxist aesthetics in the 1930s), the introduction also points to the new legibility that her nonaligned materialism gains with the material turn in the humanities.

Introductory Article: French in Second Language Acquisition Research

Emerging in the late 1960s and early 1970s with the ground-breaking work of Stephen Pit Corder, followed by Larry Selinker’s (1972) conceptualisation of ‘interlanguage’, second language acquisition (SLA) has developed into a highly buoyant independent field within the wider terrain that is applied linguistics [...]

Mapping the future of health promotion

Abstract The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was launched in 1986, and ten global conferences later its key calls to action have never been more poignant. To see health as a resource for everyday life in settings where people live, love, work and play, and recognizing equity and the social determinants of health as core to the success of healthy societies remains important. In the nearly 35 years since the Charter was published, we have seen a proliferation of health promotion research with ever greater insights in what drive the health and well-being of populations. Yet, at the same time we also witness a strong tendency to ground health (care) policy in biomedical and clinical evidence alone, and attribute health potential to lifestyle alone, rather than adopting a systems and social perspective of where health is created, grown, and celebrated. The causes for these diverging perspectives are complex, and are grounded in complexity. Humans and their socio-political systems, including the educational and political machines, tend to suffer from what the political scientist Charles Lindblom reputedly identified as the “Big Problem, Small Brain vs Small Problem Big Brain” phenomenon: researchers and intellectual are really good at pouring great volumes of thought and creative power into studying clearly defined issues, whereas politicians and bureaucrats face enormous problems and can get their heads around the multi-faceted solutions that need to be put in place. So - how do we make the complex palatable to the small brain? In this case - how can higher education systems be turned around to truly address the challenges of our and our children's time? The solution partially lies in the deployment of multiple network analyses of key stakeholders and the language they use to construct future realities: unless we have a clear map of the present and a much wider terrain before us to enter we will forever find it hard to navigate in the environmental and conflict dimension.

The Practice of the Theory of Labour Law: A Review of Philosophical Foundations of Labour Law (OUP 2019)

An inquiry into the philosophical foundations of labour law is a challenging one, and reviewing a volume of eighteen such chapters only magnifies the challenge. The chapters in this volume cover a wide terrain, encompassing most areas of labour law and thus the intersections between law, society and the economy, within particular realms, and through particular theoretical and at times philosophical perspectives. This arguably reorganizes the inspiring ideas raised by the chapters into a ‘mainstream’ labour law curriculum, while weaving them through with a different strand of philosophical enquiry – that of legal philosophy, and in particular, legal realism. The review begins with the question of employment status (and the corresponding scope of labour law), turning to the contract of employment; statutory protection and employment regulation; equality and non-discrimination; and, finally, trade unions and collective labour law. It concludes with some brief observations on labour law and migration.

The Practice of the Theory of Labour Law: A Review of Philosophical Foundations of Labour Law (OUP 2019)

An inquiry into the philosophical foundations of labour law is a challenging one, and reviewing a volume of eighteen such chapters only magnifies the challenge. The chapters in this volume cover a wide terrain, encompassing most areas of labour law and thus the intersections between law, society and the economy, within particular realms, and through particular theoretical and at times philosophical perspectives. This arguably reorganizes the inspiring ideas raised by the chapters into a ‘mainstream’ labour law curriculum, while weaving them through with a different strand of philosophical enquiry – that of legal philosophy, and in particular, legal realism. The review begins with the question of employment status (and the corresponding scope of labour law), turning to the contract of employment; statutory protection and employment regulation; equality and non-discrimination; and, finally, trade unions and collective labour law. It concludes with some brief observations on labour law and migration. Domination, Exploitation, Inequality of Bargaining Power, Scope (of Labour Law), Legal Realism

A Supervisory-Based Collaborative Obstacle-Guided Path Refinement Algorithm for Path Planning in Wide Terrains

Robotic exploration of wide terrains, such as agricultural fields, could be challenging while considering the limited robot’s capabilities in terms of sensing and power. Thus, in this article, we proposed OGPR*, an Obstacle Guided Path Refinement algorithm for quickly planning collision-free paths utilizing the obstacles existing in the environment. To tackle the issue of exploring wide terrains, a supervisory-based collaboration between the quadcopter and a mobile robot is proposed. The quadcopter is responsible for streaming subsequently live two-dimensional images for the environment under discussion while planning safe paths for the ground the mobile robot is planning safe paths to manoeuvre. Numerical simulations proved the significant performance of the proposed OGBR* algorithm when compared to the state of the art algorithms exist in the literature.

Microdramas: Crucibles for Theater and Time by John H. Muse

Reviewed by: Microdramas: Crucibles for Theater and Time by John H. Muse Matthew Wilson Smith MICRODRAMAS: CRUCIBLES FOR THEATER AND TIME. By John H. Muse. Theater: Theory/Text/Performance series. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2017; pp. 246. It is tempting to think of modernity as an age of gigantism, of not only skyscrapers, steelyards, and world wars, but also the Ring cycle, Mahler's Symphony no. 3, and In Search of Lost Time. And yet it was also, and not so incidentally, an age of the miniscule, of not only viruses, atoms, and telegraphic speech, but also Satie's Gymnopédies, Pound's "In the Station of the Metro," and the tales of Kafka and Musil. John Muse's Microdramas: Crucibles for Theater and Time is a study of theatrical reduction—more specifically, of modern plays clocking in at less than twenty minutes. Muse demonstrates that this wide terrain, which includes works by Strindberg, Maeterlinck, Marinetti, Beckett, Parks, and Churchill, constitutes, if not a subgenre, then at least an important lineage of theatrical form. The book's historical argument begins in chapter 2, which focuses on that famous yin-yang of fin-desiècle aesthetics, naturalism, and symbolism. While the former drew inspiration from faits-divers (the quick news items that peppered French tabloids) to construct fifteen-minute microdramas on workaday sensations, the latter offered the gauzy lyricism of gnomic dreams. And yet Muse shows how, despite their obvious differences, these two movements actually shared significant common ground—not only in the sense that they both rebelled against the grandeur of so much nineteenth-century culture, but also, and more subtly, in the sense that both experimented with ways to thicken dramatic structure by compacting it into a "small but cohesive block of time, a singular moment, redefined as a dramatic whole" (50). In the last decade or so of the nineteenth century, this strategy of compression was aided by technological developments such as the adoption of controlled electric lighting, which enabled theatre artists to spotlight and thereby intensify the world of the stage. This strategy of temporal compression set the stage for the Futurists, who wrote and performed hundreds of microdramas (some as short as a few lines) that are the focus of chapter 3. While Marinetti and company argued for the microdrama as a way of intensifying the entire theatrical event to a single moment of explosion, in fact, as Muse demonstrates, Futurists' performances often exhibited greater ambiguity than was dreamt of in their philosophy. The chapter culminates in a brilliant analysis of Francesco Cangiullo's Detonation and Lights!, the former of which is perhaps the most "micro" microdrama ever written, consisting of a single place ("Road at night, cold, deserted"), a single character (a bullet), and a single action (a minute of silence followed by a gunshot). Muse unpacks this atom of a play to demonstrate, convincingly, that it "stands at a crossroads in the history of dramatic form" (82). Marking the endpoint and reductio ad absurdum of Aristotle's unity of action on one hand, it points toward the all-but-deserted "Country Road" of Godot on the other. [End Page 263] In chapter 4, Muse takes up the necessary question of Beckett, whose attempts to escape the gravitational pull of Joyce and Proust recall Maeterlinck's earlier attempts to slip free of Wagner and Tolstoy. One of the many astute insights of this chapter is the revealing connection Muse draws between Beckett and the pre-Socratics, whose fragmentary writings inspired Beckett to question, through his microdramas, "the logic by which small parts or small moments ever become wholes" (119). As so often in this book, Muse is sharply attuned to unintended ironies. He argues, for example, that Beckett's turn to increasing compression was in part motivated by a desire for increased order and control, and yet this led him to a form that "ultimately revealed the instability of theater, space, and time" (97). Concluding with a close reading of Beckett's often overlooked one-acter, That Time, Muse shows how Beckett's atomization of action serves less to clarify "the logic by which a succession of instants coheres into an event" (18...

The Behavioral Foundations of New Economic Thinking

This paper produces an edited version of an interview conducted by Professor Eric Beinhocker, Executive Director, INET Oxford, with Professor Sanjit Dhami of the University of Leicester, author of the Foundations of Behavioral Economic Analysis (Dhami 2016), on 9th May 2019 at the University of Oxford. The questions posed by Professor Beinhocker covered a wide interdisciplinary terrain that ranged from important contributions in behavioral economics and the way forward; inertia in the economics profession to accept the new interdisciplinary research; the scientific method; the interplay of culture, behavior and institutions; the role of norms; and a critique of complexity and agent based models. We are publishing this interview as a working paper to foster debate and reflection among economists and other social scientists regarding some of the “big-picture” questions in the behavioral sciences, and to highlight the powerful role that behavioral economics can play in illuminating a deeper understanding of the economy and other social systems.

African Participation in the ICSID System: Appointment and Disqualification of Arbitrators

Abstract This article critically interrogates the experience of African States within the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) system through an analysis of certain procedural issues. Such issues cover a very wide terrain of different issues during the arbitration process, excepting the determination of the substantive rights and obligations of the disputants. The primary focus of this article is on issues relating to the constitution of tribunals and applications for the disqualification of arbitrators by African States as parties to disputes under the ICSID regime. Finally, it briefly mentions post-award actions within the ICSID regime, in which African States have also been active. It concludes that the engagement of African States within the ICSID regime will increase with the growth of cross-border intra-African investment activities. This will also lead to an increase in the participation of African lawyers in the ICSID system. This will be achieved through their appointment as counsel, arbitrators, conciliators and experts—not just by the Chairman of the ICSID Administrative Council but also by these African parties. Finally, this increased participation of African parties and States will continue to contribute to the development of the ICSID jurisprudence and its influence on the development of international investment law.

The Optimum Design of Location-Dependent Key Management Protocol for a Multiple Sink WSN Using a Random Selected Cell Reporter

The use of wireless sensor networks for the purposes of border surveillance is a very hot topic at the moment. Such a network comprises large numbers of sensor nodes, sparsely located over a wide terrain, where the generated data are collected by multiple sinks located in secure head quarters. Due to its importance and criticality, data disseminated through such a network is vulnerable to outsider attacks. Therefore, a location-dependent key management scheme could be employed in order to provide security in terms of confidentiality and authenticity. This paper presents a novel location-dependent key management protocol for multiple sinks (LKMP-MS) whose design is based on a cell reporters scheme. In this protocol, the generated report regarding any event contains three security levels. In particular, the third level is implemented as an endorsement of the set of cell reporters allocated inside each cell. Accordingly, the generated event report is accepted by the sink. As a result, the adversary would have to compromise all endorsement nodes and all cell reporters selected by all sinks in order to generate a fake report inside a particular spot. This paper introduces a novel algorithm to implement the required revocation for both compromised nodes and cells in order to overcome the possible consequences of these entities being compromised. In order to evaluate and compare the LKMP-MS with recent schemes, a mathematical analysis is implemented and a simulation environment is built based on Contiki and MATLAB to validate the mathematical analyses. Finally, an extensive mathematical analysis is presented in order to calculate the optimum number of cell reporters that gives the highest level of security.

The measurements of snow cover volume in the area of Szrenicki Cirque

The purpose of this project is to determine a fast way of calculating the volume and distribution of snow mantle, which is located in wide terrain concavities in mountain areas. Our study area was so-called Szrenicki Cirque (Kocioł Szrenicki), which is the nival recess, located in Karkonosze Mountains, Poland. We analyzed modern technologies, that are designed to generate 3D-models: terrain laser scanning and close-range photogrammetry (including structure-from-motion technique). There were two major reasons for our research. First, analyzing if a structure-frommotion based software is capable of creating a 3D model of snow cover since potential tie points for adjoin pictures are scarce. The second was to establish the quality and accuracy of this model in relation to potentially more accurate terrestrial laser scanning results. An important issue was also is to estimate the fastest, simplest and least expensive methodology that can be implemented as a daily task of Karkonosze National Park workers. A proper, fast, safe and accurate method of calculating the snow cover volume would incise the safety and avalanche risk evaluation in the vicinity of Karkonosze Mountains. In addition, the developed method can be used to monitor the risk of local spring floods.

The Irony of Critique

The Irony of Critique Daniel Rosenberg Nutters (bio) Criticism After Critique: Aesthetics, Literature, and the Political Jeffrey R. Di Leo, ed. Palgrave Macmillan www.palgrave.com/us/book/9781137428769 229Pages; Print, $69.99 Jeffrey R. Di Leo’s collection Criticism After Critique: Aesthetics, Literature, and the Political emerges at a moment when academic critique—a politically animated critical skepticism that draws upon the insights offered by deconstruction, psychoanalysis, Marxism, and various forms of historicism—seems to have become stale, ineffective, and formulaic. Now that scholarship has debunked assumptions about the transcendental value of art, unmasked myth, illusion, and ideological aberrations, opened up an insular canon, exhumed repressed voices and forgotten histories, and demonstrated the complicity of the liberal-humanist tradition with the worst of Western Civilization, what next? The digital humanities, new formalism, surface and distant reading, new materialisms, and the self-proclaimed return to aesthetics represent some of the new critical fashions competing to carry the baton for literary studies into the twenty-first century. They promise relevance, innovation, a renewed political urgency, the ability to overcome common impediments such as the critic’s fallible subjectivity, and different ways of “reading” that can yield new forms of historical and sociological knowledge. With a range of new methodologies from which to choose, what is left of what Di Leo calls “the modus operandi of the humanities,” namely, critique? Invoking the essay “Why Has Critique Run Out of Steam?” by the French sociologist Bruno Latour, Di Leo argues that there is a frustration with “a mechanical form of critique that responds more or less the same way to any and all new events.” He thus poses the following questions to the volume’s contributors: How do we engage criticism at a time when critique seems to have run its course? What does sustained theoretical research and discussion look like when the notion of critique is under attack? Might we be confronting an aesthetic, practical, philosophical, New Formalist, or New Critical emphasis on the literary text? What, if anything, is the political project of literary and cultural criticism after critique? Di Leo’s concise introduction orients Criticism After Critique toward future generations who, he argues, “are just coming to critique [and] will do so in a less doctrinaire manner” than orthodox scholars of a “Baudrillardian, Foucaultian, or Jamesonian” persuasion. The eleven essays in the collection thus offer a diverse set of responses pithy in length but demanding in intellectual rigor. The range of figures they engage—Kant, Adorno, Žižek, Rancière, Derrida, and Foucault as well as Danto, Cavell, Rorty, Wittgenstein, and literary examples including Yeats, Morrison, Carson, and the Martinican novelist Patrick Chamoiseau—point to the numerous topics and subjects covered. It is the ability to cover a wide terrain without losing sight of the past, present, and future of critique that makes Di Leo’s collection an important intervention into what can only be described as the latest chapter in literary criticism’s perpetual crisis of self-identification. Criticism After Critique is divided into three sections sandwiched between Di Leo’s introduction and an afterward by R. M. Berry. The first section, “Criticism, Judgment, and Value,” provides an overview of some of the central contexts leading scholars to question the value of critique. David Shumway’s opening essay offers a short genealogy of critique. Taking his starting point from Žižek’s critique of ideology critique, Shumway explores the Kantian origins of critique and traces its legacy through German Idealism, philology, and the rise of the New Criticism to highlight how the humanities continually reproduces oppositions such as “interpretation versus judgment…hermeneutics of suspicion versus the hermeneutics of recollections …the text as object of critique and the text as bearer of knowledge” that also ironically sustain it. Sue-Im Lee’s contribution contextualizes the disillusionment with critique by examining the relation between the surge of interest in neglected literature (e.g. writing by minorities and disenfranchised groups) and the decline of aesthetic judgments. By summoning Arthur Danto, Lee emphasizes the need to theorize a way of making value judgments that might complicate the familiar conflict between the academy’s democratization of literature and...

Media, Culture, and Civil Society

Ronald N. Jacobs is Professor of Sociology at the University at Albany, State University of New York. He is co-editor of the American Journal of Cultural Sociology (Center for Cultural Sociology, Yale University). His research covers a wide terrain, ranging from studies of the social organization of the television news room, the history of African-American media, the differences between African-American and “mainstream” news coverage of racial crisis, the history and organization of opinion media, the relationship between news and entertainment media, and the cross-national comparison of different media systems. In this text, Ronald N. Jacobs describes four main premises that underlie his work: the symbolic dimensions of public arenas; the existence of multiple, overlapping publics; the role of media organizations; the importance of identities.