Wide Interlayer Spacing Research Articles

Research on the modification of magnesium hydride by two-dimensional layered Mo2Ti2C3 MXene

One of the most important technologies for the sustainable development of energy in the future is solid-state hydrogen storage. This study employed etching methods to fabricate two-dimensional layered catalyst Mo2Ti2C3 MXene, which was compared with unetched MAX phases Mo2Ti2AlC3 and Ti3C2, as well as Mo2C. Through mechanical ball milling, these materials were mixed with MgH2 to prepare composite materials, including MgH2 + Ti2C3, MgH2 + Mo2C, MgH2 + Mo2Ti2AlC3, and MgH2 + Mo2Ti2C3. According to the study, Mo2Ti2C3 demonstrates the synergistic catalytic actions of Ti and Mo in contrast to Ti2C3 and Mo2C. The composite material MgH2 + Mo2Ti2C3 lowers the initial dehydrogenation temperature of MgH2 to 180 °C, which is 165 °C lower than pure MgH2. After 30 min at 250 °C, the dehydrogenation amount is approximately 5.85 wt%. Hydrogen absorption begins at 40 °C and reaches approximately 5.75 wt% at 150 °C. Additionally, it maintains a reversible hydrogen storage capacity of up to 96 % even after 20th cycles at 300 °C. This is because Mo2Ti2C3 has one less layer of Al than Mo2Ti2AlC3, which results in a wider interlayer spacing, more active sites for MgH2, and facilitates hydrogen molecule dissociation and recombination.

Vacancy-Defect Ternary Topological Insulators Bi2Se2Te Encapsulated in Mesoporous Carbon Spheres for High Performance Sodium Ion Batteries and Hybrid Capacitors.

Ternary topological insulators have attracted worldwide attention because of their broad application prospects in fields such as magnetism, optics, electronics, and quantum computing. However, their potential and electrochemical mechanisms in sodium ion batteries (SIBs) and hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) have not been fully studied. Herein, a composite material comprising vacancy-defects ternary topological insulator Bi2Se2Te encapsulated in mesoporous carbon spheres (Bi2Se2Te@C) is designed. Bi2Se2Te with ample vacancy-defects has a wide interlayer spacing to enable frequent insertion/extraction of Na+ and boost reaction kinetics within the electrode. Meanwhile, the Bi2Se2Te@C with optimized yolk-shell structure can buffer the volume variation without breaking the outer protective carbon shell, ensuring structural stability and integrity. As expected, the Bi2Se2Te@C electrode delivers high reversible capacity and excellent rate capability in half SIB cells. Various electrochemical analyses and theoretical calculations manifest that Bi2Se2Te@C anode confirms the synergistic effect of ternary chalcogenide systems and suitable void space yolk-shell structure. Consequently, the full cells of SIB and SIHC coupled with Bi2Se2Te@C anode exhibit good performance and high energy/power density, indicating its widespread practical applications. This design is expected to offer a reliable strategy for further exploring advanced topological insulators in Na+-based storage systems.

Sandwiched ReS2 nanocables with dual carbon coating for efficient K+/Na+ storage performance

In this work, the nanocables of few-layered ReS2 nanosheets sandwiched between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon (NC) coating (i.e., CNT@ReS2@NC) are synthesized as high-performance anodes of both potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The CNT@ReS2@NC nanocables with dual carbon modifications have the several advantages for efficient K+/Na+ storage. The few-layered ReS2 nanosheets with a wide interlayer spacing of 0.64 nm contribute to accelerated reaction kinetics for fast K+/Na+ intercalation/extraction. The carbon nanotube skeleton with a hollow interior can effectively relieve the volume change and serve as a robust conductive network to boost structural stability. The NC layer provides rich defects as active sites and suppresses the shuttle effect of polysulfides produced in discharge/charge processes. Consequently, the CNT@ReS2@NC nanocables possess outstanding electrochemical performance in both PIBs and SIBs owing to the synergistic effect from the different components. A long cycling lifespan of 3500 cycles with a maintained discharge capacity of 125 mAh/g is achieved for CNT@ReS2@NC at 1 A/g in PIBs. In SIBs, it can keep a high capacity of 202 mAh/g over 3000 cycles at 5 A/g. Moreover, the CNT@ReS2@NC||Na3V2(PO4)3 full cell can exhibit remarkable cycling performance, yielding a low capacity decay rate of 0.019 % per cycle over 1000 cycles at 2C.

MXene: A wonderful nanomaterial in antibacterial.

Increasing bacterial infections and growing resistance to available drugs pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. Although antibiotics are crucial in fighting bacterial infections, their excessive use not only weakens our immune system but also contributes to bacterial resistance. These negative effects have caused doctors to be troubled by the clinical application of antibiotics. Facing this challenge, it is urgent to explore a new antibacterial strategy. MXene has been extensively reported in tumor therapy and biosensors due to its wonderful performance. Due to its large specific surface area, remarkable chemical stability, hydrophilicity, wide interlayer spacing, and excellent adsorption and reduction ability, it has shown wonderful potential for biopharmaceutical applications. However, there are few antimicrobial evaluations on MXene. The current antimicrobial mechanisms of MXene mainly include physical damage, induced oxidative stress, and photothermal and photodynamic therapy. In this paper, we reviewed MXene-based antimicrobial composites and discussed the application of MXene in bacterial infections to guide further research in the antimicrobial field.

Insight into Nanotransition Metal Disulfides as Anode for Potassium-Ion Batteries: Applications, Challenges, and Prospects

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are highly attractive and are promising energy storage technology because of their cost-effectiveness, superior safety, environmental friendliness, as well as high standard K/K + redox potential, and abundance and low cost of potassium. Transition metal disulfides (TMDs) have a wide interlayer spacing that is attractive as a K + storage site in PIBs. Moreover, TMDs have high reversible capacity and are low cost. Nevertheless, they have not been extensively studied. The practical application of TMDs is impeded by their fast capacity fading and poor rate performance. More well-focused research should aim for the commercialization of TMDs in PIBs. This paper reviews (a) the main strategies to enhance the application of TMDs in PIBs; (b) the recent development of using TMDs such as MoS 2 , WS 2 , and SnS 2 as electrode materials for PIBs, including their structure, performance, and defects, as well as the methods to alleviate their defects; (c) the associated electrochemical processes; and (d) the critical issues, challenges, and prospects.

Layer Engineered MXene Empowered Wearable Pressure Sensors for Non‐Invasive Vital Human–Machine Interfacing Healthcare Monitoring

AbstractPressure sensors with high flexibility and sensitivity face significant challenges in meeting the delicate balance and synergy among suitable active sensing electrode materials, substrates, and their device geometry design. In this contribution, layer‐engineered delaminated Ti‐MXene (DL‐Ti3C2Tx) is introduced, which has relatively wider interlayer spacing through intercalated large organic molecules and accordion‐like open internal microstructure than the narrower pristine Ti3C2Tx MXene (Ti‐MXene), graphene/carbon nanotube's interlayer spacing suitably fulfill the high sensitivity and flexibility requirement through accessible electronic pathways under the external pressure. Notably, a milder in‐situ ambient condition etching is performed to eliminate the associated safety risks for a flexible personal healthcare monitoring pressure sensor. DL‐Ti3C2Tx MXene‐empowered, flexible pressure sensor demonstrates a broad range of sensitivities up to a very high‐pressure of 20.8 kPa at a sensitivity of 242.3 kPa−1 with a fast response and recovery time (<300 ms). A twofold increase in pressure sensitivity performance of DL‐Ti3C2Tx MXene than that of Ti‐MXene, graphene can be attributed to the engineered wider interlayer distance among the delaminated DL‐Ti3C2Tx MXene layers causing a facile interlayer atomic movements, contacts, and reversible compressibility. The current economical, scalable DL‐Ti3C2Tx MXene flexible pressure sensor can provide future safe personal healthcare artificial intelligence with real‐time tracking ability.

Mn/Co bimetallic MOF-derived hexagonal multilayered oxide catalysts with rich interface defects for propane total oxidation: Characterization, catalytic performance and DFT calculation

Several hexagonal layered Mn/Co oxide catalysts were synthesized from Mn/Co-based metal–organic framework (MOF) precursors. The molar ratio of Mn/Co affects the physicochemical properties of catalysts, further affects their catalytic performance. The Mn/CoOx-3/2 sample with wide interlayer spacing exhibited the highest catalytic activity for total oxidation of propane, with a T90 of 270 °C at 120 L g−1 h−1. Low-temperature reducibility, oxygen mobility, water vapor tolerance, and oxygen defects play the key roles for improving catalytic activity. Oxygen defects were calculated using the density functional theory (DFT). The results show that the doping of Mn on Co oxide is conducive to the formation of oxygen vacancies. Therefore, benefiting from the layered structure and metal-doping for the catalysts, the formation of more abundant interfacial defects can further improve the catalytic performance. This study offers a simple way to synthesize regular layered multi-metal oxide, which can expose abundant interface defects and active sites.

Hydrothermal synthesis of Ni,Co hydroxide nanosheet array on vertically suspended Ni foam for high performance supercapacitors

Ni(OH)2 have attracted great attention as pseudocapacitor electrode materials due to its high theoretical capacitance. However, the intrinsic disadvantaged in low electronic conductivity and sluggish ion diffusion kinetics of Ni(OH)2 limit its performance and practical application. Herein, we report a simple hydrothermal method to synthesize Co doped Ni(OH)2 and NiOOH array structure on vertical hanging Ni foam. Compared with traditional hydrothermal methods, vertical hanging Ni foam provide sufficient reaction sites and ensure fully growth of array structure, leading to large mass loading of active materials. The array structure and the wide interlayer spacing due to interlayer embedded CH3COO− together build an effcient ion diffusion path. Morevoer, strong electron exchange between Ni(OH)2 or NiOOH and Ni provide high electrical conductivity at the interface, forming the fast and complete electron transport channel inside the electrode. As a result of robust electrochemical kinetics, NiCoLDH@vNF-12 shows a high capacitive and outstanding rate performance of 952.9 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 660.0 C g−1 even at 50 A g−1.

Inhibiting Vanadium Dissolution of Potassium Vanadate for Stable Transparent Electrochromic Displays

Vanadium oxides are highly valued as electrochromic materials because of their multicolor capabilities. However, their practical applications have been limited due to challenges such as the dissolution of vanadate into aqueous electrolytes, leading to poor long‐term stability. Herein, a solution is proposed to the vanadate dissolution issue by utilizing a hybrid electrolyte consisting of tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) and water. This electrolyte has the unique ability to form a robust cathode electrolyte interface layer on vanadium oxide electrodes. As a proof of concept, zinc‐anode‐based multicolor transparent electrochromic displays are prepared using layered potassium vanadate (K2V6O16·1.5H2O, KVO) with a TEGDME–water hybrid electrolyte. By soaking the KVO electrode in the hybrid electrolyte, it is demonstrated that KVO has remarkable stability against dissolution. Furthermore, it is shown that KVO has superior electrochromic performance compared to sodium vanadate (NaV3O8·1.5H2O, SVO), due to the wide KVO interlayer spacing. Given the enhanced performance of this hybrid electrolyte and KVO cathode material, a zinc‐anode‐based electrochromic display prototype is shown to exhibit compelling performance. As such, this work is expected to be a significant catalyst for accelerating the development of vanadate‐based electrochromic displays.

Silicone oil-based selective SiOC coating onto hydrophobic rGO-MoS2 composite materials to achieve ultra-stable composite anodes in sodium-ion batteries

Molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) has a 2-D open framework structure and provide delocalized sodium ion diffusion and intercalation within the MoS2 structure. The structure exhibits a high theoretical capacity due to its wide interlayer spacing (∼6.2 Å). Therefore, MoS2 has recently been used as an anode material in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, it exhibits inferior cycle performance and rate characteristics due to its low electronic conductivity and volume change during continuous operation, which restrict its use as an anode material in SIBs. Herein, a MoS2 surface modified with hydrophobic reduced graphene oxide (rGO-MoS2) was dispersed in silicone oil, which is the starting material for silicon oxycarbide (SiOC), and subsequently used to prepare a MoS2 composite with a SiOC coating-layer surface modified with rGO (rGO-MoS2@SiOC) via single pyrolysis reaction. rGO expands the interlayer spacing of MoS2, improving the electronic conductivity, and the SiOC layer capable of accommodating the volume expansion of MoS2 supports the insufficient buffer layer provided by rGO alone to form a conductive pathway that suppressed any adverse reactions at the electrode and electrolyte interface. The rGO-MoS2@SiOC composite exhibits a high reversible capacity of ∼532.5 mAh g−1, no capacity fading even after 100 cycles, and superior rate characteristics.

A comparative study of adsorption properties of zirconium (IV) phosphonates for removal of 90Sr

With as goal of improving on traditional α-ZrP, four zirconium phosphonate materials were prepared as potential adsorbents for the removal of 90Sr from nuclear wastewater. A typical sol–gel method was used, for phosphonates: hydroxy ethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP), amino tri-(methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP), ethylene diamine tetra-(methylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMP), and diethylenetriamine penta-(methylenephosphonic acid) (DETPMP) to give ZrP-HEDP, ZrP-ATMP, ZrP-EDTMP and ZrP-DETPMP, respectively. These materials exhibit a similar crystalline phase to α-ZrP, but have a completely different morphology. After loading of these organophosphonate groups, the original sheet-morphology disappears, and the materials were consistent with smaller particles. However, the loading of organophosphonate groups expands the inter-layer distances. Remarkably, these materials have a stronger ability to remove Sr2+, with higher adsorption capacity than α-ZrP, especially ZrP-ATMP due to its wider layer distance. The maximum adsorption capacities for Sr2+ are 158 mg g−1, 175 mg g−1, 115 mg g−1 and 76 mg g−1for ZrP-HEDP, ZrP-ATMP, ZrP-EDTMP and ZrP-DETPMP, respectively, while that ofα-ZrP is 55 mg g−1. The higher adsorption capacities of these zirconium phosphonate materials is attributed to their wider interlayer spacing, allowing more room for Sr2+ to move.

Gas sensing performance of Nb2CTx synthesized by hydrothermal assisted in-situ HF generation etching method

The Nb2CTx prepared by hydrothermal-assisted in-situ HF generation etching was investigated in terms of its gas sensor performance. The Nb2CTx was obtained by mixing Nb2AlC with pure water, hydrochloric acid, and fluoride (LiF or NH4F) and then hydrothermally treated at 180 °C for 24 h. This in-situ HF generation etching by hydrothermal treatment was more efficient and safer in the synthesis of the Nb2CTx than the direct HF etching. The Nb2CTx etched with LiF had relatively wide interlayer spacing because the hydration radius of Li+ was larger than that of NH4+. The results also suggest that Nb2O5 is formed during the synthesis process. These results suggest that interlayer spacing, surface termination, and secondary phases formation can be controlled by the etchant, and that hydrothermal treatment extended the applicability of insoluble etchants. The Nb2CTx synthesized with LiF was evaluated as a gas sensor at room temperature in air in the presence of designated concentrations of 6 different gases, which exhibited good sensitivity and repeatability and fast recovery time, except for NH3. Hydrothermal-assisted etching contributed to providing sufficient interlayer spacing for the gas response without an exfoliation process.

Crystallization-based upcycling of iron oxyhydroxide for efficient arsenic capture in contaminated soils

Arsenic (As)-contaminated soil inevitably exists in nature and has become a global challenge for a sustainable future. Current processes for As capture using natural and structurally engineered nanomaterials are neither scientifically nor economically viable. Here, we established a feasible strategy to enhance As-capture efficiency and ecosystem health by structurally reorganizing iron oxyhydroxide, a natural As stabilizer. We propose crystallization to reorganize FeOOH-acetate nanoplatelets (r-FAN), which is universal for either scalable chemical synthesis or reproduction from natural iron oxyhydroxide phases. The r-FAN with wide interlayer spacing immobilizes As species through a synergistic mechanism of electrostatic intercalation and surface chemisorption. The r-FAN rehabilitates the ecological fitness of As-contaminated artificial and mine soils, as manifested by the integrated bioassay results of collembolan and plants. Our findings will serve as a cornerstone for crystallization-based material engineering for sustainable environmental applications and for understanding the interactions between soil, nanoparticles, and contaminants.

Preparation and mechanism of biomass-derived graphene-like Li+/Na+ battery anodes controlled by N/O functional groups and interlayer spacing

The universal electrode material can be applied to the traditional Li-ion battery of the emerging alkaline ion battery at the same time, providing a new idea for the development of energy storage systems (EESs). In this study, a porous graphene-like biomass carbon material anode was prepared by chemical blowing strategy and KOH activation method. As the anode of both Li/Na ion batteries, it has excellent cycle stability and extremely high-rate cycle performance. Under the charge-discharge rate of 0.2c, the reversible capacity of Li-ion battery assembled by anode material was 953.2 mA g −1 , and that of Na-ion battery was 378.2 mA g −1 . Under the condition of 10c, the reversible capacity was 352.6 mA g −1 and 127.6 mA g −1 . Its excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to its wide interlayer spacing, rich pore structure and N/O double doping, and its pseudocapacitance mechanism is conducive to the diffusion of alkaline ions. First-principles calculations further show that its doped structure is beneficial to promote ion adsorption and improve the conductivity of the material. This work has promoted the development of sustainable energy storage materials and provided new ideas for the development of carbon-based anode materials. The porous graphene-like biomass carbon material anode was prepared by chemical blowing strategy and KOH activation method. Combining the effect of interlayer spacing regulation and doped N/O functional group, this carbon-based material has displayed excellent electrochemical performance. When used as anode for lithium-ion batteries, the reversible capacity was 953.2 mA g −1 under 0.2c, and that of Na-ion battery was 378.2 mA g −1 . Under 10c, the reversible capacities of Li-ion and Na-ion batteries were 352.6 mA g −1 and 127.6 mA g −1 . First-principles calculations show that the doped structure is beneficial to promote ion adsorption and improve the conductivity of the material. • Under 0.2c, the reversible capacity of Li-ion battery assembled by anode material was 953.2 mA g −1 , and that of Na-ion battery was 378.2 mA g −1 . • Under 10 c, the reversible capacities of Li-ion and Na-ion batteries were 352.6 mA g −1 and 127.6 mA g −1 . • First-principles calculations show that the doped structure is beneficial to promote ion adsorption and improve the conductivity of the material.

Adsorption and electrochemical properties of deep eutectic solvent-functionalized oxidized hydrogen-substituted graphyne and its composites with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Oxidized hydrogen-substituted graphyne (O-HsGY) was modified with eight kinds of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs), and the adsorption and electrochemical properties of the material were enhanced by dual driving of N-doping and DES modification. The resulting materials were composited with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to overcome the limitations of individual carbon nanomaterial applications. The structure and properties of the materials were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer Emmett Teller and UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, and the adsorption and electrochemical properties of the materials were studied. Characterization results showed that the obtained materials had wide interlayer spacing (0.403 nm), abundant pore structure, and large forbidden band width (1.68 eV). The modification of DESs severely affected the π-π conjugation of graphyne, thereby enhanced the adsorption capacity of myricetin. The cyclic voltammetry curve showed that DESs modification and composite with MWCNTs could effectively improve the specific capacitance of the materials, and the composite electrode had obvious redox potential peak, which indicate that it introduced pseudocapacitance to the materials. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge–discharge curves also showed that the electrodes prepared by these materials had small resistance value and good electrochemical reversibility. Therefore, it provided a reference for the development of new carbon nanomaterials and their applications in the fields of separation analysis, adsorption and energy storage.

Direct Synthesis and Delamination of Swollen Layered Ferrierite for the Reductive Etherification of Furfural

AbstractA swollen ferrierite structure (denoted as ECNU‐35P) was directly synthesized with a commercially available surfactant of decamethonium hydroxide as bifunctional organic structure‐directing agent (OSDA). ECNU‐35P, with elastic long‐chain surfactant intercalating the neighboring FER layers, had a much wider interlayer spacing than previously reported FER‐type layered precursors of PLS‐3 and PREFER. The phase delamination of ECNU‐35P was readily realized without additional swelling process that is destructive to zeolite frameworks. The non‐corrosive delaminated derivative (DECNU‐35) was composed of the FER nanosheets with 4 nm‐thickness. With large external surface area, abundant mesopores and moderate acidity, Pd/DECNU‐35 served as highly active and robust catalysts in the reductive etherification of biomass furfural, providing a high yield of 74 % for the biofuel of furfuryl ethyl ether.

Replacing “Alkyl” with “Aryl” for inducing accessible channels to closed pores as plateau‐dominated sodium‐ion battery anode

AbstractHard carbons are promising anodes for sodium‐ion batteries. However, there is still considerable controversy regarding the sodium storage behaviors in hard carbons, which are mainly attributed to the varied precursors, confused pyrolysis mechanism, and different characterization methods. Herein, benefiting from the flexible molecular structure of polymers, a series of hard carbons with carefully tuned microstructures are fabricated by adjusting the ratio of aryl and alkyl groups in the epoxy resins. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis, in‐situ Fourier transform infrared spectra, and synchronous thermal gravimetric‐infrared spectrum‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry reveal that replacing the alkyl with aryl groups in the resin can enhance the crosslink density, inhibit the degradation and rearrangement process, and further lead to a more disordered microstructure. In addition, it is suggested that accessible channels provided by sufficiently wide interlayer spacing are necessary for closed pore filling. The optimized anode delivers a high capacity of 375 mAh/g in half cell with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 80.61%, and an energy density of 252 Wh/kg is attained in full cell. Finally, a reliable relationship among precursor–pyrolysis mechanism–structure–performance is established, and the sodium storage mechanism of “adsorption–insertion–pore filling” is well proved.

Highly-Oxidized Graphene Oxide for Achieving Low-Loss Hybrid Waveguide Gratings on SOI

In this study we fabricated highly oxidized graphene oxides (GO) to reduce the optical bulk absorption, and to achieve a low-loss GO/silicon hybrid optical waveguide. The highly oxidized GO was fabricated using triple amount of oxidants and elongated oxidizing time via a modified Hummers’ method, together with post ozone treatment to effectively break down the C = C pi-conjugation network. The high oxidation degrees of GO were confirmed by a wide interlayer spacing (1.26 nm) in XRD patterns and a high fraction of oxygenated carbon (61.57%) observed in XPS spectra. Integrating a GO thin film on top of a silicon ring resonator revealed an extra optical loss of 1.2 dB/cm, while this value reduced to 0.8 dB/cm in a GO grating covered silicon strip waveguide. The resulting GO/silicon hybrid waveguide grating provided an extinction ratio of up to 35 dB at Bragg wavelength. We further demonstrated GO/silicon hybrid waveguide moiré gratings to provide dual stopbands with a controllable stopband interval from 2.5 to 20 nm. All results validate the promising optical properties of such GO material for low-loss heterogeneous integration on silicon-on-insulator.

Design of few-layered 1T-MoS2 by supramolecular-assisted assembly with N-doped carbon quantum dots for supercapacitor

1T phase molybdenum disulfide decorated by N-doped carbon quantum dots (MoS2/NCQDs) is successfully synthesized by supramolecular-assisted method. N-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) derived from citric acid and thiourea can form a supramolecular structure through hydrogen bonding, which spurs the formation process of MoS2 at a molecular level. The results demonstrate that NCQDs in supramolecular system and NH3 coming from thiourea effectively prevent the agglomeration of MoS2, resulting in the formation of 1T-MoS2 with a wide interlayer spacing about 0.95 nm. The as-prepared MoS2/NCQDs-6 possesses an excellent supercapacitive performance (379.5F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and outstanding rate capability (269.7F g−1 at 10 A g−1) under the synergy of NCQDs and 1T phase MoS2. The fabricated flexible asymmetric supercapacitor delivers an optimal energy density of 33.5 Wh kg−1 at 722.0 W kg−1. The excellent supercapacitive response should be contributed to the wide interlayer spacing of 1T-MoS2 which can improve the faster ion diffusion and the introduction of NCQDs which can offer a good electrical conductivity and enhance the hydrophilic property of the material. This work illumines a simple effective way to fabricate practical used 1T MoS2 hybrid electrode materials for supercapacitor.

Waste to energy application of sweet lime derived carbon with δ-MnO2 for zinc ion battery

Waste to energy conversion is the future of energy storage devices. With increasing population, waste incarnation needs more attention in order to limit exploitation of fossil fuels and to improve waste management. Zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) are safer and greener compared to other energy storage devices. Manganese dioxide (δ-MnO2) is a potential candidate as cathode due its wide interlayer spacing which makes it suitable for intercalation/deintercalation of Zn2+ ions. Waste from sweet lime fruit is an excellent precursor for the preparation of sweet lime derived activated carbon (SLDC). The δ-MnO2 supported on sweet lime derived activated carbon (MO-SLDC) is investigated as cathode for ZIBs. This cathode demonstrates attractive discharge capacity of 248.05 mAh/g at 300 mA/g and retention of 97% over 500 cycles at 500 mA/g and excellent coulombic efficiency of 99.34%. The innovative methods in waste management creates bridge between energy recovery from garbage that would be used more in the future which will benefit the environment and economy.