Wider Impact Research Articles

Air Quality Detection and Notification using Arduino IDE

Abstract: Truck drivers typically work long hours and occasionally in highly polluted settings like mines. Accident prevention at the workplace relies heavily on the health and alertness of the driver. The cabin's air quality can sometimes get worse, which can make drivers tired. A gas detector is a piece of equipment that works as part of a safety system to tell you if there are gases in a certain area. This type of project can communicate with the control system to automatically switch off process and is used to detect gas leaks and other emissions. There are numerous gases that can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals, which is why this kind of device is important. Oxygen depletion and combustible, flammable, and toxic gases can be detected with gas detectors. This kind of device is used a lot in industry and can be found monitoring manufacturing processes in places like oil rigs. Gas leak detection is the process of using sensors to find gas leaks that could be dangerous. When a hazardous gas is detected, these sensors typically emit an audible alarm. Early detection of gas leaks, when they occur, is one way to cut losses caused by leaks. One of the many technologies that helps stop gas leaks from harming people even more is the mobile sensor. Another approach to overcoming losses from both material and non-material sources is the creation of mobile sensors. It is anticipated that it will eventually be overcome using a gas sensor MQ-2 as a detector before it has a wider impact. MQ-2 is chosen due to inexpensive and long lifespan. The Arduino IDE is used to implement the C language, which is used to calibrate and configure MQ-2. With a distance of about 0-10 cm between the gas sensor and the point of leakage, it is anticipated that the results will be accurate to 80 percent after the gas sensor has been configured.

Deployment of IoT-Based Smart Demand-Side Management System with an Enhanced Degree of User Comfort at an Educational Institution

Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) has a wide impact on many potential applications. The impact of IoT on performing demand-side management (DSM) in an Indian educational institution has not been researched in depth before. In this research work, an IoT-enabled SDSMS (Smart DSM System) has been deployed with the main objective of minimizing electricity tariff and also to tweak the quality of user comfort. It can be feasible by prioritizing available renewable PV solar energy during peak hours in an Indian educational institution. DSM has been performed using day-ahead load shifting and rescheduling the different classes of institutional loads by applying hybrid BPSOGSA (Binary Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm). The BPSOGSA performance on DSM has been evaluated based on electricity tariff, peak demand range, and PAR and compared with the outcomes of both binary conventional algorithms BPSO and BGSA, respectively. The proposed method enhances the degree of user comfort (DUC) by tripping the operation of non-critical institutional loads. Simulation results obtained using MATLAB corroborate that BPSOGSA outperforms both BPSO and BGSA under both DSM scenarios. Before DSM, Peak demand, PAR, and Electricity tariffs were found to be 1855.47 kW, 4.1286, and $2030.67 while after DSM, they reduced to 1502.24 kW, 3.263, and $1314.40 respectively. This indicates a 35.273% reduction in electricity tariff, a 19.037% scale down in peak demand, and a 20.97% reduction in PAR. Finally, the real-time IoT-based SDSMS hardware is implemented at the Renewable energy laboratory for real monitoring of energy consumption via the Blynk application.

P260 Care pathway modelling and economic analysis of a single NHS IBD Service following introduction of Small bowel ultrasound.

Abstract Background Small bowel ultrasound (SBUS) is an accurate, inexpensive and non-invasive method of diagnosing and monitoring IBD. The service delivery and economic implications of SBUS implementation on NHS IBD services have not previously been explored. Methods This study took the form of a service evaluation. Analysis of patient care episodes and flow through the established imaging (MRE and SBUS) and IBD care pathways was undertaken, data relating to patient flow, waiting times, resource use and healthcare engagement of patients were collected from care episodes between 01/01/2021 – 30/03/2022. Costs were calculated per care episode. Results Data from a service evaluation relating to 192 imaging referrals from IBD clinics for patients with Small bowel Crohn's disease (SBCD), and patient flow through the pathway were collected. Per scan, MRE was almost 5 times more costly than SBUS examinations (£305 versus £51 respectively). Patients from the SBUS pathway had fewer healthcare interactions across all three categories (Helpline, IBD Nurse or IBD Consultant appointments). Patients from the MRE pathway. Estimated costs per patient in the SBUS pathway were £81.72, and £379.58 per patient in the MRE pathway. Further to this the waiting times for MRE were significantly longer than those for SBUS. Conclusion The use of SBUS is a potential cost saving option when compared to MRE for adult patients with SBCD. There was a difference between the SBUS and MRE pathways in the waiting times for both the medical imaging scans, the reports of the scans and the initiation of an appropriate treatment plan. SBUS waiting times were shorter in all aspects except for the time between scanning report and the treatment initiation, indicating that it is the waiting times for the scans and the respective reporting that cause delays in treatment initiation. Future research in this area should attempt to consider the wider impact on cost effectiveness of the use of SBUS through investigation of costs including treatment costs, including the timing and use of biologic and immunomodulator treatments, impact of delays on service use and healthcare interactions of patients, work productivity and quality adjusted life years.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has arrived. Comments on Moll (S Afr J Sci. 2023;119(1/2), Art. #12916)

This Commentary is a response to Moll (S Afr J Sci. 2023;119(1/2), Art. #12916) who refutes the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and its impact. As this Commentary demonstrates, there is a case to be made that the 4IR constitutes a revolution and that the limitation at the level of pure technology can be refuted as a revolution is based on its wider impact. While the 4IR can be classified as an evolution of the Third Industrial Revolution, its scale, scope and complexity denote a revolution of its own.

Pemanfaatan Minyak Jelantah menjadi Lilin Aromaterapi pada Siswa Kelas X SMKN 10 Merangin

Cooking oil that has been used will become used oil or used cooking oil. If this used cooking oil is reused continuously, it will have a negative impact on the health of the body and if it is disposed of carelessly it will pollute the environment. Used cooking oil needs to be minimized through recycle or reduce. Environmental pollution caused by used cooking oil has become an environmental problem with a wide impact. One solution to overcome this problem is to process used cooking oil as an alternative material for making aromatherapy candles. The type of community service applied is in the form of training. Methods The activities carried out using experimental methods and direct practice on how to make aromatherapy candles using used cooking oil. From the results of this community service activity, it was concluded that the increased knowledge of class X students of SMKN 10 Merangin regarding the impact of the use and disposal of used cooking oil on the environment and increased student skills regarding the manufacture of recycled products from used cooking oil in the form of aromatherapy candles.

The Rise of Specialized and Innovative Little Giant Enterprises under China’s ‘Dual Circulation’ Development Pattern: An Analysis of Spatial Patterns and Determinants

As potential ‘hidden champion’ companies originating from Germany, specialized and innovative ‘little giant’ enterprises (LGEs) have become role models for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China and have been considered important actors in the strategy of ‘strengthening and supplementing national supply chains’. Based on the exogenous growth theory of the firm, this article takes the perspective of the ‘dual circulation’ new development pattern of China and analyses the spatial patterns and their determinants of LGEs using the data of national-level LGEs from 2019 to 2021 and the geographical weighted regression method. The following results were obtained: (1) the national-level LGEs show the spatial distribution pattern of ‘east–central–west’ decline and are highly concentrated in the high administrative levels of the cities, especially in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Cross–Strait urban agglomeration. (2) The domestic and international circulations jointly affect the spatial distribution of LGEs. Local institutional thickness has the largest and widest impact, followed by local industrial synergy. The impact of global linkage is relatively stable. (3) The impacts of the main determinants have spatial heterogeneity. The positive impact of local government support shows a decreasing differentiation law from east to west, and local industrial synergy is mainly significant in the east area of Northeast China, Bohai Rim, Shandong Peninsula, and Huang-Huai-hai Plain. The spatial heterogeneity of the effect of international circulation comes from the difference in marginal effects among regions and the influence of the Belt and Road Initiative. The positive impact of FDI is mainly concentrated in the northeast and southwest regions. This article highlights the importance of the domestic value chain in the strategy of Innovative China, and proves that varying global-local nexus of cities creates ‘soils’ with varying fertility in which LGEs thrives as well.

Transition to a sustainable food supply chain during disruptions: A study on the Brazilian food companies in the Covid-19 era

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought negative impacts to global supply chains, in particular to the agricultural sector. Although these companies have been developing programs to mitigate the impacts caused by COVID-19, researchers have been worried about a possible weakening of the adoption of sustainable initiatives due to a focus on dealing with the consequences of the pandemic. Grounded on the Resource Orchestration Theory, the goal of this study was to assess the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on sustainable (environmental, social, and economic) performance in the context of agri-food supply chains. To do so, a questionnaire survey was used to collect data from 349 different medium and large agri-food companies in Brazil. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares technique. This study has found out that, under the impacts arising from COVID-19 pandemic (1) supply management and transportation and logistics management had a positive impact on food supply chains' sustainable performance; (2) the effects of relationship management and supply chain wide impact management were found to be negative on sustainable performance; and (3) the effects of demand and production management on sustainable performance were not considered significant. We propose a framework that clearly represents the relationship between the disrupted supply chain areas and sustainable performance through the development of orchestration capabilities. By knowing which kinds of impacts produce the most significant effects on sustainable performance, policy makers and managers will be able to make decisions and take actions to avoid negative effects and to improve firms’ sustainable performance.

The worldwide costs of dementia in 2019.

Dementia is a leading cause of death and disability globally. Estimating total societal costs demonstrates the wide impact of dementia and its main direct and indirect economic components. We constructed a global cost model for dementia, presenting costs as cumulated global and regional costs. In 2019, the annual global societal costs of dementia were estimated at US $1313.4 billion for 55.2 million people with dementia, corresponding to US $23,796 per person with dementia. Of the total, US $213.2 billion (16%) were direct medical costs, US $448.7 billion (34%) direct social sector costs (including long-term care), and US $651.4 billion (50%) costs of informal care. The huge costs of dementia worldwide place enormous strains on care systems and families alike. Although most people with dementia live in low- and middle-income countries, highest total and per-person costs are seen in high-income countries. Globaleconomiccosts of dementiawere estimated to reach US $1313.4 in 2019. Sixty-one percent of people with dementia live in low-and middle-income countries, whereas 74% of the costs occur in high-income countries. The impact of informal careaccounts forabout 50% of the global costs. The development of a long-term care infrastructure is a great challenge for low-and middle-income countries. There is a great need for more cost studies, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Discussions of a framework for global cost comparisons are needed.

Bearing Witness


 
 
 Linoleum is a sketchbook for me, a meditative place. Making a linocut allows me to slowly carve lines that are very certain in this uncertain time. Since March 16th 2020, I have created imagery related to the Covid pandemic, resulting in the Covid Chronicles, a series of sixteen relief carvings. The carvings each measure 46 x 61 cm and chronicle my experience of the Covid19 pandemic in Boston, Massachusetts and its wider impact in the United States.
 As a mother and a public school art teacher I have had a window through which to view the pandemic’s effect on families’ lives. With the pivot to online teaching, I zoomed into two hundred and thirty homes to teach art to kindergarteners through fifth graders. Making the linocuts gave me some sense of agency. By recording the pain, anxiety and grief I witnessed, I aimed to escape despair and make sense of the chaos.
 Nearing what we are starting to hope will be the end of the pandemic, the series serves as a remembrance and a validation of our shared experience. Additionally, it can be read as a cautionary tale of what we hope not to repeat when the United States faces its next pandemic.
 
 

Pelaksanaan Pemberian Perlindungan Bagi Korban Tinda Pidana Terorisme

Victims of terrorism are not only those affected by terrorist attacks but include those exposed to terrorist ideology. The series of bombings, shootings and stabbings that occurred in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia has resulted in the loss of life regardless of the victim, causing widespread public fear, and property losses, resulting in a wide impact on social, economic, political, and international relations. The method used is Legal Research based on legislation related to each other. The best thing that can be done by the state to maintain the safety and security of citizens from becoming victims of terrorism is to prevent or anticipate that terrorism crimes do not occur. The fulfillment of the rights of victims under Act No. 15 of 2003 at the crisis stage after the crime of terrorism must be taken immediately because the action relates to the safety of the victim. Act No. 5 of 2018 states that the victim of non-criminal terrorism is a person who suffers physical, mental, and/or economic losses resulting from a Terrorism Crime. Victims are direct victims as well as indirect victims of a crime of terrorism. The determination of victims of terrorism can be done directly by investigators, without having to wait for a court decision. Treatment of victims, especially those who must receive medical treatment, psychosocial and psychological rehabilitation.

CIRCULAR ECONOMY TACTICS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIAN INDUSTRIES

A circular economy maximises the amount of time that materials, goods, and services can be used for. In a circular economy, resources are used less frequently, materials, goods, and services are redesigned to use fewer resources, and "waste" is recovered and used as a resource to create new goods and materials. Any circular economy adaption is crucial to reducing global warming. As a result, any study about circular economy technologies, their attendant drawbacks, and policy suggestions for improvement assume primary importance in contemporary times. Towards that end, this paper examines the growing trends in three key industries in India – namely, agriculture, manufacturing, and technology – in an attempt to analyse the relative success of these adaptations and their wider impact. Qualitative and quantitative insights are drawn through case studies of companies working in India. The analysis is further bolstered by comparing the scenario in India with global trends that highlight the work that needs to be done. Accordingly, the paper concludes by underlining the most important advantages and disadvantages as well as suggesting suitable policy courses for the future.

The Impact of Trauma System Implementation on Patient Quality of Life and Economic Burden: A Systematic Review Study Protocol.

Trauma accounts for 10% of global mortality, with increasing rates disproportionally affecting low- and middle-income countries. In an attempt to improve clinical outcomes after injury, trauma systems have been implemented in multiple countries over recent years. However, whilst many studies have subsequently demonstrated improvements in overall mortality outcomes, less is known about the impact trauma systems have on morbidity, quality of life, and economic burden. This systematic review seeks to assess the existing evidence base for trauma systems with these outcome measures. This review will include any study that assesses the impact implementation of a trauma system has on patient morbidity, quality of life, or economic burden. Any comparator study, including cohort, case-control, and randomised controlled studies, will be included, both retrospective or prospective in nature. Studies conducted from any region in the world and involving any age of patient will be included. We will collect data on any morbidity outcomes, health-related quality of life measures, or health economic assessments reported. We predict a high heterogeneity in these outcomes used and will therefore keep inclusion criteria broad. Previous reviews have shown the significant improvements that can be achieved in mortality outcomes with the implementation of an organised trauma system, however the wider impact they can have on morbidity outcomes, quality of life measures, and the economic burden of trauma, is less well described. This systematic review will present all available data on these outcomes, helping to better characterise both the societal and economic impact of trauma system implementation. Trauma systems are known to improve mortality rates, however less in known on the impact they have on morbidity outcomes, quality of life, and economic burdenWe aim to perform a systematic review to identify any comparator study that assesses the impact implementation of a trauma system on these outcomesUnderstanding the impact trauma systems can have on wider parameters, such as economic and quality of life outcomes, is crucial to allow governments globally to appropriately allocate often limited healthcare resources.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022348529.

Farm Crime Victimisation and Prevention Decision Making: Can insights from England and Wales inform the Baltic Sea Region?

Farms in England and Wales continue to have low levels of crime prevention measures in use despite the increasing threat, and what is used is often ineffective. Farm crime in England and Wales is becoming increasingly organised in its nature, as such farmers are having to deal with both the ever-present threat of opportunistic thefts, but also the broadening impact of Organised Criminal Groups in the rural space. As a result of this change, farmers are very much being left on the back foot in being able to protect themselves adequately. They are no longer just facing traditional thefts, but other crime types that are now significantly challenging traditional crime prevention theories such as Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) often favoured by police forces in England and Wales. Such crimes include hare coursing as a sport, agrochemical theft and counterfeiting, and forced labour within the agricultural sector. As a direct result of this, farmers are finding themselves under much more significant pressure from criminality in the rural space. Crime is increasingly challenging farmer ontological security, and thus their ability to make effective decisions both around crime prevention but also general business decision-making. This coupled with an inability to protect their farm using traditional crime prevention methods may potentially have a negative impact on farmer mental health, and this should be discussed among rural crime researchers and practitioners to ensure that the wider impact is clearly understood. This position seen within England and Wales will be briefly reviewed and compared in relation to the experiences noted in the academic research being conducted across the Baltic Sea region to establish any potential similarities in patterns, and whether any learning can be taken from the situation being experienced in England and Wales.

Sustainable and smart: the paradoxes of urban mobility innovations

Innovation is how cities can instigate systemic change. However, there are many success factors characterising highly innovative cities. Through direct engagement and qualitative interviews with 40 cities worldwide, the UITP Urban Mobility Innovation Index (UMii) showcases the latest innovations, as well as the gaps where cities could improve their focus towards reaching their longer-term societal goals. This paper defines the concept of innovation together with its different types and purposes and briefly presents the UMii framework and the data collection process. The results of the study reveal that highly innovative cities a) setclear long term goals b) consult closely with citizens and stakeholders c) break down regulatory and financial barriers d) ensuring that promising technological innovations are assessed for their wider impact on people and the environment.

The Concept of Human Capital

A key factor in China's economic success over the past 70 years has been the rapid and qualitative growth of human capital. The article examines the concept of human capital, the related elements of ancient Chinese culture, and explains the historical reasons why the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has paid special attention to education and human capital. The findings show that the PRC's great achievements in human capital development and economic growth are due, on the one hand, to the CCP's emphasis on education, especially during the period of reform and opening up, and on the other hand, to the long-term influence of Chinese ancient Confucianism philosophy. In the past, academia attempted to explain the brief decline in the mid-nineteenth and first half of the twentieth centuries by the negative influence of Chinese traditional culture, while ignoring its role in providing high potential human capital, which in turn contributed to long-term economic growth. The ideas of China's leaders echo the theory of human capital put forward by European scholars. China is placing increasing emphasis on the economic function of education. The education sector is now seen as an important sector for raising scientific and cultural standards. Xi Jinping, the current leader of China, also attaches great importance to the inheritance and development of Confucian educational thought. In his speeches he repeatedly calls on young people to strengthen moral education and self-education. The priority of education is stressed, as well as the separate importance of the educational function of higher education. At a time when science and technology are developing rapidly without any constraints, they reduce the role of the human factor in the development of civilization to a certain extent. In this context, it may be appropriate to consider the value of the human being and the importance of education in the context of traditional oriental culture. Confucianism not only played a key role in the educational and economic development of Chinese society, but also had a wide impact on the countries of Southeast Asia.

The Enlightenment of Postmodern Educational Ideas on Western Music Historiography

Currently, China's society is in a critical period of transformation and development, and the post-modern trend of thought has a wide impact, which has also been widely disseminated in the field of higher education in China. In recent years, many scholars have conducted in-depth exploration and practice on the effective application of postmodern education concepts in teaching, but the research and application of music teaching in universities is still in the stage of development and improvement. Therefore, this article takes the western music history in universities as the practical object, expounds the theory and core of postmodern education concepts, and analyzes their application value and significance in the western music history in universities. It explores the enlightenment of postmodern education concepts on the western music teaching in universities in China, with a view to providing some reference and innovation to music teaching workers undergoing teaching innovation.

Analysis of Linear Log Models on Covid-19 Data in Indonesia

Covid-19 is still a concern of the world, including Indonesia. The transmission of Covid-19 is very fast and has a wide impact on all people around the world, especially Indonesia. In everyday life, we find a lot of data that looks into a certain category. Categorical analysis of data can be done using the log linear model. The log linear model is used to analyze the relationship between categorical variables that form a contingency table of arbitrary dimensions. The analysis used in this study is to make descriptive statistics and three-way contingency tables, then perform the analysis with the help of SPSS 25.0 software where the goodness of fit test is used to see which models can be used or suitable. The purpose of this study is to analyze a log linear model, so that a log linear model is obtained that is suitable for Covid-19 data based on gender, province, and age group. The conclusion of this study is that of the 9 models used, the model is the most suitable model to be used, with a value of 18,885 and the equation of the log linear model is , which means that there is a relationship between the two factors for the variables gender and province, gender and age group and province and age group in Covid-19 cases in Covid-19 in Indonesia by gender, province, and age group.

Rai14 is a novel interactor of Invariant chain that regulates macropinocytosis.

Invariant chain (Ii, CD74) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that acts as a chaperone and facilitates the folding and transport of MHC II chains. By assisting the assembly and subcellular targeting of MHC II complexes, Ii has a wide impact on the functions of antigen-presenting cells such as antigen processing, endocytic maturation, signal transduction, cell migration, and macropinocytosis. Ii is a multifunctional molecule that can alter endocytic traffic and has several interacting molecules. To understand more about Ii's function and to identify further Ii interactors, a yeast two-hybrid screening was performed. Retinoic Acid-Induced 14 (Rai14) was detected as a putative interaction partner, and the interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Rai14 is a poorly characterized protein, which is believed to have a role in actin cytoskeleton and membrane remodeling. In line with this, we found that Rai14 localizes to membrane ruffles, where it forms macropinosomes. Depletion of Rai14 in antigen-presenting cells delays MHC II internalization, affecting macropinocytic activity. Intriguingly, we demonstrated that, similar to Ii, Rai14 is a positive regulator of macropinocytosis and a negative regulator of cell migration, two antagonistic processes in antigen-presenting cells. This antagonism is known to depend on the interaction between myosin II and Ii. Here, we show that Rai14 also binds to myosin II, suggesting that Ii, myosin II, and Rai14 work together to coordinate macropinocytosis and cell motility.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Cute Culture from the Perspective of the Market

This article is mainly from the market’s perspective, and comprehensively analyzes how the cute culture in the modern market originates and develops. This article believes that the cute culture in the modern market mainly originated in Japan. This novel market culture combined with the needs of different fields in the market step by step out of Japan, swept East Asia, and went to the world, which had a wide impact on the market. This impact, this article will analyze the advantages and disadvantages of cute culture from the perspective of two critical participants in the market, the market supplier and the market demander. And given the problems existing in the market of cute culture, it puts forward corresponding suggestions based on the actual situation, and draws a conclusion.

METAFORA INDRAJĀLA KONSEP INTERKONEKTIVITAS SEMESTA DALAM VEDA

Indrajāla is the concept of universal holographic interrelationship which relates to energy, consciousness and continuity of universal multidimensional processes. This concept is related to Vedic Cosmology which denies separateness in the universe. This article describes the concept of Indrajāla in the Vedas which later became the central doctrine in Buddhism. This concept has great implications for the consciousness of mankind that everything is connected energetically through a net of illusions that are invisible, but have a real impact. This article was written based on literature research using Sri Aurobindo's Vedic interpretation. The results of this study indicate that the concept of Indrajāla has manifested in various forms and has become the main teaching in Mahayana Buddhism and subsequently reformulated into the concept of universal unity and interconnectedness. A complex interconnection network formed by the relationships between objects in a system, including social networks, particle interactions, and symbols representing ideas in the brain or intelligent computer system. The concept of a universal hologram is directly related to cosmic consciousness and the connectivity of energy in the universe. The implications of this concept will be able to build public awareness that one thought or event will have a wide impact, interrelatedness and interdependence between elements in the universe, including humans and the cosmos.