Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna Research Articles

Corners‐slotted wideband patch antenna gain enhancement with a 3D dielectric lens for Ka‐band satellite communication

SummaryTo improve the gain of the corner‐slotted, wideband microstrip patch antenna (MPA), a three‐dimensional (3D) hemispherical dielectric lens (DL) and dielectric cylinder‐based hybrid structure is introduced. DL is constructed and integrated on the surface of the patch antenna to increase the gain performance. Three‐dimensional printing techniques contribute considerably to lens production. The 3D manufacturing technique provides greater freedom and versatility than conventional manufacturing methods. The DL increased the proposed single‐patch antenna gain from 6.2 to 13.7 dBi with stable gain fluctuation in the working frequency spectrum spanning between 27.5 and 31 GHz. This implies a notable increase in gain of 7.5 dBi and a consistently uniform gain characteristic throughout a 5‐GHz wide frequency range. Furthermore, the DL‐loaded antenna parameters such as |S11|, gain (dBi), axial ratio (AR), radiation efficiency (%), and radiation patterns measured results are compared with simulated plots. Overall, the measured results agree well with the simulated findings. Based on the results, the compact antenna can be chosen for different wireless applications, especially for satellite communication in the proposed band.

Design and analysis of ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna with various conductive materials for terahertz gap

The paper explores the design and analysis of a wideband microstrip patch antenna with a metallic patch and a 3 × 3 split ring resonator (SRR) array operating in the 0.1–5 THz frequency range. The antenna's structure incorporates different conductive materials such as gold, silver, and graphene as a metallic patch. The dimensions of the metallic patch and SRR are calculated to achieve wideband operation within the desired THz range. The SRR array enhances electromagnetic resonance, thereby improving bandwidth and radiation characteristics for medical imaging. The study discusses the equivalent circuit and design equations for the microstrip patch antenna and SRR unit cell. For designing and analyzing the proposed antenna, CST Microwave Studio 2019 software have been used. Performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, gain, efficiency, directivity, VSWR, and radiation pattern have been evaluated. The advantages and limitations of each conductive material are evaluated to determine their suitability for THz-based medical imaging applications. The goal is to maximize the antenna's bandwidth, gain, and image resolution for medical imaging purposes. The findings highlight the performance characteristics of gold, silver, and graphene as conductive materials for medical imaging applications, facilitating the development of high-resolution, non-invasive imaging systems with improved diagnostic capabilities.

Improvement in Bandwidth of Micro-strip Patch Antenna

Improvement in Bandwidth of Micro-strip Patch Antenna

Design of Enhanced Wide Band Microstrip Patch Antenna Based on Defected Ground Structures (DGS) for Sub-6 GHz Applications

In this paper a comprehensive comparative study of three distinct microstrip patch antenna (MPA) designs, each optimized for the sub-6 GHz applications, is presented. The initial design phase utilized a Rogers RT 5880 substrate with a permittivity (εr1) of 2.2 and a thickness(H1) of 1.42 mm. The proposed model achieved a resonance band ranging from 4.8 to 7 GHz, with a bandwidth of 2.2 GHz and a return loss (S11) of -20 dB. Subsequent enhancements involved integrating a Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) thin film (εr2 = 250, thickness(H2) = 0.005 mm), effectively shifting the operational band to 3.5-5.3 GHz. The final design iteration, which incorporated both BST and a Defective Ground Structure (DGS), represented a substantial advancement, achieving wideband operation from 1.8 to 6 GHz, expanding the bandwidth to 4.2 GHz, and improving the S11 to -25 dB. This integration also resulted in a compact antenna size of 30 x 26.5 x 1.42 mm³. These findings underscore the synergistic impact of BST and DGS in enhancing MPA design, marking a significant progression in antenna technology, vital for a range of wireless communication.

U-Slotted Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Ka Band and mmW 5G Applications

U-Slotted Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Ka Band and mmW 5G Applications

A Wideband GRIN Dielectric Lens Antenna for 5G Applications.

This paper proposes a graded effective refractive indexes (GRIN) dielectric lens for 5G applications. The inhomogeneous holes in the dielectric plate are perforated to provide GRIN in the proposed lens. The constructed lens employs a collection of slabs that correspond to the specified graded effective refractive index. The thickness and the whole lens dimensions are optimized based on designing a compact lens with optimum lens antenna performance (impedance matching bandwidth, gain, 3 dB beamwidth, and sidelobe level). A wideband (WB) microstrip patch antenna is designed to be operated over the entire band of interest from 26 GHz to 30.5 GHz. For the 5G mm-wave band of operation, the behavior of the proposed lens along with a microstrip patch antenna is analyzed at 28 GHz for various performance parameters, including impedance matching bandwidth, 3 dB beamwidth, maximum gain, and sidelobe level. It has been observed that the antenna exhibits good performance over the entire band of interest in terms of gain, 3 dB beamwidth, and sidelobe level. The numerical simulation results are validated using two different simulation solvers. The proposed unique and innovative configuration is well-suited for 5G high gain antenna solutions with a low-cost and lightweight antenna structure.

A High-Gain Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna With Folded Ground Walls

This letter proposes an approach to improve the gain of a microstrip patch antenna on a suspended substrate without compromising its bandwidth. The ground plane of the antenna is folded upward to form sidewalls parallel to the nonradiating edges. The distance from the patch edges and the height of the sidewalls are determined to maximize the radiation performance of the resultant antenna. This approach results in a peak gain better than 12 dBi and impedance bandwidth of around 45 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> . Simulation studies indicate that sidewalls parallel to radiating edges degrade the antenna performance.

The 3D-Printed Non-Radiating Edge Gap-Coupled Curved Patch Antenna

The use of parasitic resonant patches is a widespread technique to improve the bandwidth of microstrip patch antennas. Exploiting the free form-factor allowed by 3D-printing manufacturing technology, we present here a novel curved patch antenna layout, based on the non-radiating edge gap-coupled patch configuration. The proposed antenna is composed of a central curved patch, fed by a coaxial probe, and two gap-coupled parasitic side curved patches. This solution features a percentage impedance bandwidth of 16.3% using symmetrical parasitic side patches and 31.5% using asymmetrical side patches. A significant improvement of the bandwidth in comparison with both the standard non-radiating edge gap-coupled microstrip antenna (6.1% bandwidth) and the standard curved patch antenna (9% bandwidth) is achieved. Design and optimization of the proposed configuration are performed using the commercial software CST Studio Suite at the center frequency of 2.45 GHz. Prototypes of the symmetrical curved non-radiating edge gap-coupled patch antenna have been manufactured for the experimental verification, using a curved 3Dprinted polylactic acid (PLA) substrate, fabricated with the commercial 3D printer PRUSA MK3S+, and a 50μm-thick adhesive aluminum tape for the metallization. Measured results show a very good agreement with simulations.

Technologies Used In 5G Antennas (Comprehensive Review)

In this review, we will shed light on the technology of antennas used in communication within the fifth generation, and we will elaborate on two types of this most advanced technology. The first is Compact Wide-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna; the second type is Four Elements MIMO Antenna. The world has become a network of interconnected networks, and this communication has resulted in huge and enormous data, and the world of communications has become crowded with transmitted and received data, and this development requires revolutions. In the world of wireless communications until we have now reached the world of the fifth generation and the world of augmented virtual reality, and what it requires to connect what affects human life from the home to the car to the workplace, and in parallel with the revolutions in the world of applications, a revolution occurred in the world of antennas, which is the means through which data is transmitted. While doing a review of 5G antennas, The MIMO antennas are the best candidate for smartphones while the massive MIMO antennas can be used at base stations. In MIMO metal rim antenna design the use of carrier aggregation reinforces transmission rate. Also, design features like orthogonal polarization boost isolation thereby enhancing the overall efficiency.

An Omni-Directional Wideband Patch Antenna with Parasitic Elements for Sub-6 GHz Band Applications

An omni-directional inset fed wideband microstrip patch antenna (MPA) for Sub-6 GHz applications has been presented. Initially, a slotted small patch antenna with a full ground plane is designed and then partial ground plane and electromagnetically coupled parasitic elements have been incorporated and optimized to get desired performance. The volume of the studied antenna is 40 × 40 × 1.575 mm3 having a partial ground plane. Rogers RT 5880 is used as the dielectric substrate tier. The simulated operating band of the MPA ranges from 2.67 GHz to 4.20 GHz, covering the N77 and N78 bands with a centre operating frequency of 3.29 GHz. The antenna can also be used for WiMAX rel 2 (3.4–3.6 GHz) applications. After fabrication and testing, the antenna also shows almost the same working band extending from 2.67 GHz to 4.15 GHz. The use of a partial ground plane plays a vital role in making it an omni-directional antenna, and the existence of a rectangular parasitic element in the ground plane influences the improvement of gain and directivity of the antenna. The designed MPA allows it to run as a wide band antenna with a good reflection coefficient profile, high average efficiency, and 1 &lt; VSWR &lt; 2. At a resonant tip of 3.29 GHz, the simulated gain and directivity are 3.16 dB and 3.38 dBi, respectively. The measured gain is slightly higher than the simulated gain. The computer simulation technology (CST) is used for modelling and exploring all the performance matrices of the antenna. The results of the fabricated prototype present very good similarity with the simulated results and both simulated and measured results also support the Sub-6 GHz band. The antenna prototype shows a very well balanced set of radiation characteristics with a miniaturized volume and high efficiency. Therefore, the inset fed MPA can be contemplated as a candid model for Sub-6 GHz band applications.

Performance analysis of wideband microstrip patch antenna with amplified radiation

Performance analysis of wideband microstrip patch antenna with amplified radiation

Modeling and Performance Optimization of a Compact Three-Petalled Flower-Like Microstrip Patch Antenna for IoT Applications

The article is aimed at proposing the design and investigating the performance of a three-petalled flower-shaped wideband microstrip patch antenna for IoT and next-generation wireless applications. The proposed printed monopole antenna is provided with a microstrip feed line for excitation with a defected ground plane. The antenna is designed and analyzed using a finite-element-based simulator HFSS (version 15.0). The Optimetrics feature in the simulator is used for the performance optimization of the designed antenna that results in wide impedance bandwidth between 2.5 and 5.5 GHz, with add-on benefits such as less human efforts along with fast optimum results. The designed antenna holds an advantage of being low profile and reduced in size as overall diminutive dimensions of the proposed patch antenna are 0.54 λ o × 0.43 λ o × 0.021 λ o m m 3 , making it suitable for use in Wi-Max- and WLAN-enabled IoT applications. The paper is aimed at proposing an innovative optimal design aiming at the concerns about the risks in the growth of IoT and mobile computing, particularly in wireless and mobile networks. The anticipated antenna, owing to its simple and compact design, can be easily integrated into portable mobile devices, and thus, it is considered suitable for 4G and 5G and other next-generation communication applications of IoT devices.

A Wideband 5G CubeSat Patch Antenna

This article presents a wideband microstrip patch antenna for Ka-band CubeSat applications. The proposed antenna mainly consists of a square patch antenna printed on a grounded FR4 slab which is used as a building block. Moreover, a parasitic element and slots are added to enhance the impedance bandwidth and improve the gain, respectively. To validate the simulation results, a prototype patch antenna was fabricated and tested inside an anechoic chamber. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results is achieved. The performance of the proposed antenna is compared to the related existing antenna designs. The experimental results confirm that our proposed antenna achieves a wide −10 dB impedance bandwidth of about 20.2% (25.5–31.2 GHz), a small reflection coefficient of −45 dB, high efficiency of 82%, and a measured peak realized gain of 6.9 dB at 28 GHz.

A High Gain Antenna with DGS for Sub-6 GHz 5G Communications

This paper introduces the design of a high-gain wideband microstrip patch antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G communication. The proposed antenna integrates a novel defected ground structure (DGS) for achieving the wide bandwidth. The ground plane uses a triangular strip inserted into the ground plane to improve the performance of the antenna. It also uses the reflective plate to concentrate the side lobes and minimise the production of the back lobe, thereby boosting the main lobe of the radiated signal and thus increasing the gain of the proposed antenna. The proposed antenna uses the FR-4 epoxy substrate with an inset feed technique in its design. The simulation and optimisation of the proposed antenna were carried out with CST Microwave Studio Suite. The antenna design is compact with a dimension of 28:03 23:455:35mm3 and a maximum gain and directivity of 6.21 dB and 7.56 dB respectively, with a radiation efficiency of about 80%. The proposed antenna operates from 4.921 GHz to 5.784 GHz, which covers the 4.9 GHz-5.8 GHz of the sub-6 GHz 5G communications spectrum. Fabricated and measured result of the antenna confirm simulated results.

Microwave imaging of breast cancer: Simulation analysis of SAR and temperature in tumors for different age and type

Microwave imaging (MI) offers a safer, cheaper, and an effective way of detecting breast cancer. In this analysis, a wide-band microstrip patch antenna working between 3.6 to 9.2 GHz frequency range has been used in a monostatic MI system for breast cancer detection. A breast model made of skin, fat and tumor is exposed to the antenna radiation. The antenna scans the breast model at 77 positions and collects the reflection coefficients from each scan. Confocal Microwave Imaging (CMI) algorithm is used on those collected reflection coefficients to generate a 2D image of the breast. This 2D image of the breast shows the presence of the tumor inside it. SAR in the breast layers for dielectric properties of the tumor based on different age group (47, 49, 51, and 45) and types are calculated. Temperature in the breast layers are also calculated in the presence of the cancerous tumor and found to be correlated with the SAR. The results show a significant increase in the SAR and temperature in the breast layers in presence of the tumor. Moreover, SAR and temperature increase seem to be highly dependent on the dielectric and thermal properties of the breast layers.

Microstrip Antenna for Radar-Based Microwave Imaging of Breast Cancer: Simulation Analysis

The paper proposes a radar-based microwave imaging system for breast cancer detection by using a simple and effective design of a wideband microstrip patch antenna. Breast cancer is the second-highest cause of death among women worldwide and the only way to provide an effective treatment is to detect it at an early stage. Microwave imaging (MI) provides a safer and cheaper detection method as it uses low-level non-ionizing radiation. A compact wideband microstrip patch antenna working in the frequency range of 3.6 to 9.2 GHz frequency is used for the MI system. The antenna has a minimum return loss of -48 dB and a maximum gain of 4.5 dBi. Antenna is scanned over the breast tissue and a significant contrast in the reflected signals in the presence of the tumor is reported. The reflected signals at different positions of the antenna are then used to create a 2D image of the breast tissue showing the position of the tumor inside it. Specific absorption rate is also calculated in the tissue and is found well below the safety levels.

Efficient Microstrip Antenna system using Reduced GP Structure for Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) Applications

Microstrip antenna is an essential choice for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) applications of its light weight, low profile and easy to form antenna arrays. However, the design of microstrip patch antenna bandwidth is greatly affects by the dielectric substrate material (FR4). In this research, the bandwidth enhancement of MPA was designed by minimizing the dimension of Defected GP (DGP) in GP for Ultra Wide Band wireless applications. But, the antenna design complexity increases with the number of an operating frequency band. In this research, the MPA was designed as small as size of 10×13×1.6 mm and operates on frequency band between 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz for VSWR less than 2. The microstrip patch antenna was designed at 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz using High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. The simulation result shows that the proposed microstrip patch antenna obtained &lt;-10dB of return loss from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz throughout the frequency range. The measured result proves that the proposed microstrip patch antenna has better characteristics to fulfill the requirements of UWB applications

Probe-location Optimization in a Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna using Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm and Nelder-Mead Optimization Methods

A comparison among three different optimization algorithms, for seeking the best probe location in a wideband microstrip patch antenna, with the objective of bandwidth enhancement, is presented in this paper. As an illustrative example, a rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed on a TMM-6 substrate, at a center frequency of 3.75 GHz, using the design approach proposed earlier by the present authors. The initial probe location of the design, which is shown to yield 32.66 % 2: 1 VSWR bandwidth, is further optimized using the in-built Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Nelder-Mead Simplex algorithms, that are available in FEKO.

Bandwidth Enhancement of Novel E-shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna with FR4 Substrate at 2.45GHz

Aim: The main objective of this project is to enhance the Bandwidth of microstrip patch antenna by using an E-shaped slot on the patch and varying substrate thicknesses in comparison with the Rectangular patch antenna. Materials and Methods: The microstrip patch antenna with an E-shaped slot and with varying substrate thicknesses of four groups [1.2mm, 1.6mm, 1.8mm, 2.4mm] is used with a sample size of 40 in comparison with rectangular patch antenna of another group with sample size 10. Results: By using Altair Feko simulation software, the proposed antenna parameters such as Bandwidth and Gain are obtained. The results are Gain=9dB, Bandwidth=225MHz for 1.2mm, Bandwidth=250.1MHz at 1.6mm, Bandwidth=252MHz at 2.4mm substrate thicknesses and bandwidth of conventional Rectangular patch antenna of 1.6mm substrate thickness=243MHz. Attained Significance accuracy ratio p(&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The bandwidth appears to be enhanced (12%) by varying the substrate thicknesses [1.2mm to 2.4mm] from 225MHz to 252MHz.

Analytical Model to Calculate the Impedance Bandwidth of a Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA)

The aim of this paper work to design and analyzed a compact size Microstrip patch antenna. The conducting patches like rectangular and circular configurations are most commonly used for configurations. Mostly microstrip patch antenna is performed with narrow bandwidth. Here, an analytical mathematical model is used to calculate the impedance bandwidth, which improves the bandwidth of an antenna. In this paper Impedance Bandwidth of an Aperture Coupled Microstrip Patch Antenna (AC-MPA) using an accurate analytical model. The proposed mathematical model is used to calculate the impedance bandwidth of the antenna with high accuracy. MSP is mainly focused on the design of the compact-sized wideband Microstrip antenna. The return loss is -36.8785dB from 2 GHz to 4 GHz frequency with a bandwidth of 0.28 GHz. A maximum gain of 20 dB is achieved at 3.45 GHz frequency.