Wide Variation In Parameters Research Articles

Study on trap sensitivity for single material gate and double material gate nano-ribbon FETs

In this work, the trap sensitivity of single material gate (SMG) and dual material gate (DMG) nano ribbon FETs (NRFETs) are reported using TCAD Sentaurus Device simulator. The trap sensitivity is extracted for Gaussian trap distribution of both acceptor and donor type traps. We have reported the trap sensitivity for the variation in trap concentration, energy peak position, work function of metal gate, and temperature for both the NRFETs. It is realized that trap sensitivity is greater and lesser than 100% for acceptor type trap in SMG and DMG NRFETs, respectively, whereas, such sensitivity is 147% and 123% for donor type trap concentration, respectively. Temperature also shows a significant variation in trap sensitivity for both the NRFETs. The increase in work function leads to the reduction in trap sensitivity for both NRFETs in existence of acceptor and donor trap charges. The maximum sensitivity in trap are 400% and 275% for SMG and DMG NRFETs, respectively, in presence of donor trap concentration. Moreover, the trap sensitivity is very insignificant at high gate bias for donor type trap concentration with wide variation in parameters.

Determination of Attacking Angle of Aircraft in Bio Inspired Optimized Technique

This paper deals with the design of a proportional–integral (PI) controller for controlling the angle of attack of flight control system. For the first time teaching–learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm is applied in this area to obtain the parameters of the proposed PI controller. The design problem is formulated as an optimization problem and TLBO is employed to optimize the parameters of the PI controller. The superiority of proposed approach is demonstrated by comparing the results with that of the conventional methods like GA and PSO. It is observed that TLBO optimized PI controller gives better dynamic performance in terms of settling time, overshoot and undershoot as compared to GA and PSO based PI controllers. The various performance indices like Mean Square Error (MSE), Integral Absolute Error (IAE), and Integral Time absolute Error (ITAE) etc. are improved by using the TLBO soft computing techniques. Further, robustness of the system is studied by varying all the system parameters from −50% to +50% in step of 25%. Analysis also reveals that TLBO optimized PI controller gains are quite robust and need not be reset for wide variation in system parameters.

The Kava River Basin (Northern Okhotsk Area) as a Hotspot of Aquatic Macrophyte Diversity in Northern Pacific

Aquatic macrophytes of the Kava River basin in northern Okhotsk area are represented by 4 species of macroalgae and 51 species and 4 hybrids of vascular plants. Flora of the Magadan Region was completed by 3 species and 3 hybrids: Aegagropilopsis moravica, Equisetum arvense × E. scirpoides, Elatine aff. triandra vel americana, Potamogeton × vepsicus, Sparganium chlorocarpum and S. chlorocarpum × S. gramineum. Almost all species of aquatic vascular plants protected in the Magadan Region (10 out of 11) are concentrated and abundant in the Kava River basin, 3 “red listed” species in the Khabarovsk Territory were also found in its basin and with a high abundance. Basing on floristic diversity, water bodies are grouped according to the similarity of environmental conditions, and not according to their geographical location. Almost all diversity of aquatic macrophytes is concentrated in lakes. The lake-river system of the Chukcha River, one of the major tributary of the Kava River, is distinguished here by the greatest diversity and concentration of rare taxa, because it is the most isolated from the cold sea winds. Rich aquatic flora and vegetation in the Kava River basin had emerged and are now sustained due to the special favorable microclimatic conditions of the closed valley of a large river, the existence of numerous water bodies of different ages and genesis with a wide variation in hydrological and hydrochemical parameters, the possibility of moving the propagules of aquatic plants along a well-developed lake-river network. The unique lake-river system of the Kava River requires increased attention and protection.

Evaluation of morphological and biochemical parameters and antioxidant activity and profiling of volatile compounds in fifteen Dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus L.) genotypes of India

Morphological parameters study, phytochemical analysis including volatile compounds profiling, and antioxidant activity studies of fifteen phenotypically distinct genotypes of Lablab purpureus L. were carried out. It revealed wide variation in morphological parameters among the genotypes. Biochemically, genotype DCP 11 possessed the highest amounts of protein (32.33±0.50 g/100 g), phenol (3.77±0.12 g/100 g) and flavonoids (8.32±0.05 mg/100 g) as well as exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 value 27.36±0.61 µg/mL), and DCP 12 had the highest iron (15.24±0.10 mg/100 g) and zinc (5.54±0.04 mg/100 g) and lowest tannin (0.59±0.02 g/100 g) content. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified ten phenolic constituents of which trans-cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid were present in thirteen genotypes. Out of fifty-eight volatile compounds detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, three compounds exhibited interesting biological activities like pheromone activity, sleep-inducing activity, signaling activity, neuroactive and analgesic activity, and one used as component of cosmetic products.

Variant analysis of grain size related genes in the genus Sorghum

Grain size and weight are two of the most important determinants of crop yield. Key genes associated with the grain size and weight have been identified in major crops. However, studies on the genetic basis of the grain size and weight related genes in wild Sorghum are limited. In this study, we analysed the variation of grain size related genes using variant analysis of 15 accessions across one cultivated and six tertiary gene pool species representing the five subgenera of Sorghum. A wide variation in grain size related parameters was observed. The highest grain weight, width, and thickness was observed for the accession S. bicolor (L.) Moench 314,746, while the highest grain length was observed for the accession S. macrospermum E.D. Garber 302,367. The wild sorghum species exhibited high morphological diversity. The six candidate genes related to grain size, Sobic.001G335800 (qGW7/GL7), Sobic.001G341700 (GS3), Sobic.002G257900 (GW8), Sobic.003G035400 (GW5/qSW5), Sobic.004G107300 (GW2), and Sobic.009G053600 (GS5) showed polymorphism in the coding sequence regions including variants generating premature stop codons. These variants might contribute to the observed variation in grain size and weight. The tertiary wild sorghum species may be a useful source of genes for understanding and engineering grain size in sorghum and other cereals.

Endogenous Thrombin Generation Potential in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism and Its Relevance to Thrombo-Inflammatory Biomarkers

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a catastrophic outcome in patients with venous thrombosis and third leading cardiovascular cause of death after myocardial infraction and stroke, estimates around 100,000 deaths annually.Inflammation, hemostatic dysregulation including fibrinolytic imbalance, endothelial compromise, and generation of thrombotic mediators, along with cellular defects and hemodynamic derangement contribute to the pathogenesis of PE.Endogenous thrombin generation contributes to the overall pathology of PE. The purpose of this study is to investigate endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and the circulating biomarkers of fibrinolytic, inflammatory, and endothelial dysfunction in PE samples. Methods: Citrated blood samples from 400 patients with confirmed PE were collected at Loyola University Medical Center and Gottlieb Memorial Hospital under an IRB approved protocol. Normal human plasma (NHP) comprised of 25 male and 25 female samples were obtained from a commercial source. Thrombin generation studies were carried out using a commercially available a kinetic system. Endogenous GAG's contents were measured by fluorogenic quenching method. Thrombin generation parameters such as peak thrombin, lag time and area under the curve (AUC) were compiled. Plasma samples were retrospectively analyzed for biomarkers, including D-Dimer, PAI-1, tPA, TAFIa, vWF, CRP, IL6, TFPI and VEGF using commercially available sandwich ELISA methods. Results were compiled as mean ± SD and analyzed for significance and correlation by using GraphPad Prism software. Result: On a cumulative basis, PE patients showed a wide variation in thrombin generation parameters (Table 1). Biomarker analysis showed elevated levels of D-Dimer (37.05-fold), CRP (35.34-folds), IL6 (21.62-folds), tPA (4.69-folds), PAI-1a (3.95-folds), VEGF (2.38-folds), TFPI (2.17-folds), GAG's (1.92-folds), vWF (1.89-folds), and TAFIa (1.21-folds). Peak thrombin levels exhibited varying degree of positive and negative correlations with various biomarkers as illustrated in figure 1. Thrombin levels showed significant negative correlations with tPA, endogenous GAG's & TFPI, while positively correlated with VEGF. D-dimer showed positive correlations with CRP & IL6. PAI-1 demonstrated positive correlations with tPA, IL6, and endogenous GAG's. tPA showed negative correlation with TAFI, while positive correlations with endogenous GAG's, and TFPI. vWF showed positive correlations CRP, IL6, and endogenous GAG's. CRP showed positive correlations with IL6. Endogenous GAG's showed positive correlations with TFPI while TFPI showed negative correlation with VEGF. Conclusion: PE patients exhibit a wide variation in endogenous thrombin generation parameters. Overall, peak thrombin and ETP were decreased, whereas the lag time was increased. The increase in thrombo-inflammatory markers is suggestive of upregulation of thrombogenesis, and inflammatory processes in these patients. Thus, the profiling of thrombo-inflammatory biomarkers along with thrombin generation profile may provide additional information on the pathogenesis and severity of PE. However, biomarkers of hemostatic activation, vascular dysfunction and inflammation were increased. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

Elevated Thrombin Generation Biomarkers and Their Relevance with Decreased Thrombin Generation Potential in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a catastrophic complication in patients with venous thrombosis and is the third leading cardiovascular cause of death after myocardial infraction and stroke. Inflammation, hemostatic dysregulation, and generation of thrombotic mediators contribute to the pathogenesis of PE. Persistent thrombin generation contributes to the overall pathology of PE. The purpose of this study is to investigate endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) in PE patients and demonstrate its relationship with thrombin generation biomarkers, such as prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin anti-thrombin complex (TAT) and D-Dimer. Methods: Citrated blood samples from 201 patients with confirmed PE were collected under an IRB approved protocol. Fifty normal human plasma (NHP) samples were used as a reference. Thrombin generation studies were carried out by using fluorogenic substrate method (calibrated automated thrombogram, Diagnostica Stago; Paris, France). Thrombin generation parameters such as peak thrombin, lag time and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) were compiled. Plasma samples were analyzed for such biomarkers as prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin anti-thrombin complex (TAT), and D-Dimer by using commercially available Sandwich ELISA methods. Results were compiled as mean ± SD and applicable statistical analysis was performed by using GraphPad Prism software. Result: PE patients exhibited a wide variation in thrombin generation parameters. ETP in PE patients decreased to 549.2±508.4 nM*min compared to NHP 701.8±214.6 nM*min, thrombin levels in PE patients also decreased to 83.7±80.1 nM compared to NHP 158.5±31.5 nM, while lag time increased 5.4±12.7 mins to 2.6±0.6 mins compared to NHP. Biomarker analysis showed elevated levels of F1+2 (972.3±1508.0 vs 294.2±105.0 pmol/L, 3.3-fold), TAT (34.9±54.3 vs 2.3±1.1ug/L, 15.3-fold), and D-Dimer (6720.0±4810.0 vs 182.6±205.8 ug/ml, 36.8-fold) compared to NHP. Endogenous thrombin potential levels demonstrate moderate and positive correlations with F1+2 (r = 0.22) while weak correlations were noted with TAT (r = 0.14) and D-Dimer (r = 0.05). F1+2 possess strong correlation with TAT (r = 0.55) and moderate for D-Dimer (r = 0.21). TAT also showed strong correlation with D-Dimer (r = 0.45). Thrombin generation parameters and biomarker levels based on PE severity has been shown in figure 1. Marked increase in thrombin generation biomarker levels were noted with increase PE severity. However, for the thrombin generation parameters, there is no differences were noted between the low grade and sub-massive PE, while the ETP and peak thrombin levels decreased, and lag time increased for the massive PE. Conclusion: These studies suggest that persistent thrombin generation in PE patients results in the consumption of prothrombin complex. However, such biomarkers of thrombin generation as F1+2, TAT and D-Dimer are formed, leading to higher circulating levels. Simultaneous measurement of thrombin generation biomarkers and thrombin generation parameters may be useful to determine the pathogenesis of thrombotic complications and optimization of treatment options. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

Fault Detection and Classification in Interconnected System with Wind Generation Using ANN and SVM

Protective relays are installed in generation, transmission, and distribution system for detection, classification, and estimation of faults. To match the future load demand and to get uninterrupted power supply, use of renewable energy sources are increasing day by day. Faults can occur in transmission lines, transformers, generators, and busbars but the nature of these faults may change many times when renewable energy sources are considered. This research paper introduce techniques to detect and classify different faults on transmission line in the presence of wind energy sources using efficient tools of artificial intelligence. The main challenges of the system fault detection, in presence of wind turbine lie in their non-linearity, uncertainty and unknown disturbances. PSCAD/EMTDC software tool is used to simulate the power system model with RES which is implemented in MATLAB and Python software. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms have been used to classify and detect faults on transmission lines connected with wind energy source. The proposed technique has been validated for internal faults on transmission line and external faults on power system. In total of 4320 internal and external fault cases with wide variation in system parameters have been used for validation of the proposed model. The proposed model gives an overall fault zone identification accuracy of more than 99% in presence of wind energy source. The results obtained from validation show that the performance of SVM classifier is better than ANN in term of efficacy and classification time.

EFFECT OF SALINITY ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF BORO RICE (Oryza sativa L.) VARIETIES

Germination parameters and seedling growth of three varieties of boro rice (V1 = BRRI dhan28, V2 = Sylhet Boro and V3 = Bere Ratna) were studied in three concentrations of NaCl {S0 = control (distilled water), S1 = 75 mM NaCl and S2 = 150 mM NaCl}. Germination test was performed following Petri dish method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in three replications. Data were collected on germination (%) and shoot and root lengths. There was a wide variation in germination parameters and shoot and root growth among the rice varieties. In all the germination parameters Bere Ratna was found superior, followed by Sylhet Boro. Generally shoot length of the rice varieties gradually decreased with increasing salinity. The highest shoot length (5.53 cm) was found in Sylhet Boro in control. The lowest shoot length (1.30 cm) was found in BRRI dhan28 at 75 mM NaCl. However, root growth was not influenced by salinity. Root and shoot length were negatively related to salt levels.

Local Scour at Complex Bridge Piers in Bangladesh Rivers: Reflections from a Large Study

Many small-scale experimental, field, and empirical studies on bridge scour are available, however a large-scale study on local scour at a complex pier with wide variation in design parameters is still lacking. In this study, a country-wide assessment of local scour at complex piers of 239 bridges in Bangladesh is made. The hydrologic, hydraulic, and sediment data required in the assessment are obtained from secondary sources, primary measurements and samples, and numerical model simulations. An incredible number of 239 field visits are made, 1434 km of bathymetric surveys are carried out, and 478 samples of bed soils are collected and analyzed. The local scour depth is estimated using a complex pier configuration with pier, pile, and pile cap dimensions selected in consultation with structural and geotechnical engineers of bridge design. Flood frequency analysis and the HEC-RAS model simulation are used to estimate the hydrologic and hydrodynamic parameters needed in the assessment. A number of empirical formulations are used to estimate and compare the design local scours. The formulae of Melville and Coleman, Jain and Fischer, and Richardson are found to be dominant when deciding the design local scour depth at the bridge piers. Suggestions are provided to include a few additional equations in scour estimation and to develop a unified Bangladesh standard for scour depth estimation. The findings and recommendations of the study would be useful in planning and designing bridges in alluvial deltaic settings, particularly in the selection of empirical methods and mainstreaming of complex pier configuration in bridge scour assessment.

Ex vivo dual perfusion of an isolated human placenta cotyledon: Towards protocol standardization and improved inter-centre comparability

Since the full development of the ex vivo dual perfusion model of the human placenta cotyledon, the technique has provided essential insight into how nutrients, lipids, gases, immunoglobulins, endocrine agents, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, nanoparticles, micro-organisms and parasites might traverse the maternofetal barrier. Additionally, the model has been instrumental in gaining a better understanding of the regulation of vascular tone, endocrinology and metabolism within this organ. The human placenta is unique amongst species in its anatomy and transfer modalities. This orthologous diversity therefore requires an appropriate consideration of placental transfer rates of compounds, particles and micro-organisms specific to humans.Different research centres have adapted this model with a wide variation in perfusion parameters, including in the establishment of perfusion, perfusate composition, gassing regime, cannulation method, flow rates, perfused tissue mass, and also in the application of quality control measures. The requirement to harmonise and standardise perfusion practice between centres is largely driven by the need to obtain consistency in our understanding of placental function, but also in the qualification of the model for acceptance by regulatory agencies in drug and toxicology testing.A pilot study is proposed, aiming to describe how existing inter-centre variation in perfusion methodology affects placental metabolism, protein synthesis, oxygen consumption, the materno-fetal transfer of key molecular markers, and placental structure.

New ground fault location method for three-terminal transmission line using unsynchronized current measurements

This paper presents a new ground fault location method for a three-terminal transmission line using unsynchronized current measurements. The faulty line section is identified utilizing the polarity of the second traveling wave that arrived at each terminal. Then, the fault is discriminated as either before or after the middle of the faulty line-section by observing the change in polarity among the first two consecutive traveling waves. Finally, the fault location is estimated at a particular terminal on which the faulty line-section is connected. The three-terminal transmission line model is simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC software. Various fault conditions are considered with wide variation in fault and system parameters to authenticate the proposed method. The obtained results depict the effectiveness of the proposed method for locating all types of internal ground faults. Further, the comparative analysis with several existing methods shows the supremacy of the presented method in terms of the fault location error for high resistance faults at different fault locations. Besides, its accuracy is minimally affected by the saturation of current transformers (CTs), errors in line parameters, and noise in the acquired signals.

Conch geometry, ontogeny and dimorphism in the Early Bajocian ammonoid Stephanoceras from Normandy, France

A large suite of specimens belonging to the Early Bajocian Stephanoceras from Évrecy (Normandy, France) displays wide variation in conch and sculpture. The quantitative analysis of the conch geometry and its ontogeny on the basis of more than 50 sectioned specimens reveals major problems in the separation of species within the assemblage; clear morphological boundaries between possible species cannot be established. The material shows wide variation in sculpture and conch parameters throughout ontogeny, and correlation between the characters is weak. With the study of conch ontogeny, it is possible to separate dimorphs, as microconchs show a sudden change in the conch parameters (umbilical egression, change in the shape of the whorl profile). The onset of these changes varies in the assemblage between 40 and 75 mm conch diameter.

Communication-less ensemble classifier-based protection scheme for DC microgrid with adaptiveness to network reconfiguration and weather intermittency

DC microgrids have received wide interest in recent times because of the advantages related to improved power transfer capability, high efficiency, compatibility with distributed energy resources (DER) and reduced losses. However, the adoption of DC microgrids has been restricted because of the challenges in designing a reliable protection scheme. The challenge results from the high magnitude of the fault current without zero crossing, coupled with the requirement of high rapidity in fault detection. The scenario is further complicated during the variation in operational dynamics of microgrid either due to weather intermittency or network reconfiguration arising out of DER outage. Non-addressal of the above issues results in reduced grid resilience because of possible relay malfunction during stressed scenarios. In this regard, an ensemble classifier-based protection scheme has been proposed for DC microgrid with adaptability to system reconfiguration and weather intermittency. The adaptiveness has been achieved by online identification of network topology, while immunity to weather variation is attained by stochastic modelling of solar irradiance and wind speed. The use of local information for executing the protection tasks avoids the issues related to data loss and latency in the communication link. The task of operating mode detection, topology identification, fault detection/classification and section identification have been formulated as a set of classification problems and further solved using a random subspace sampling-based ensemble classifier technique. The reliability of the proposed scheme has been extensively validated for a wide range of fault scenarios involving wide variation in network topology, weather condition and fault parameters.

Mismatched Filters for Incoherent Pulse Compression in Laser Radar

A pulsed laser system is considered for long-range target detection. Single-pulse power received from a target may be low compared to the noise and background clutter power. Due to long-range and short laser wavelength, multi-pulse coherent processing is not possible, so incoherent detection is employed. Incoherent pulse compression sums received power from numerous pulses to increase SNR while maintaining single pulse range resolution. Following Levanon, aperiodic burst waveforms of on-off Keying (OOK) modulated transmitted pulses are derived from binary codes with optimal auto-correlation minimum integrated sidelobe level and minimum peak sidelobe level codes. Pulse compression uses real, continuous mismatched filters of lengths equal to or greater than the OOK code length. Filter values minimize a weighted sum of ISL and filter output power, the latter to increase SNR gain relative to that of a single pulse. Weighting can be adjusted to lower ISL for multiple target discrimination or to increase SNR gain for dim targets. A simple evolutionary modulation of the initial OOK code exchanges pairs of dissimilar samples to keep the number of on samples from decreasing and improves ISL performance. A very fast filter calculation is employed that permits an exploration of a wide variation in parameters.

ENDOGENOUS THROMBIN GENERATION POTENTIAL IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY EMBOLISM AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THROMBOTIC AND INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS

SESSION TITLE: Pulmonary Vascular Disease Posters SESSION TYPE: Original Investigation Posters PRESENTED ON: October 18-21, 2020 PURPOSE: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a catastrophic outcome in patients with venous thrombosis. In the United States around 900,000 people (1 to 2 per 1,000) patients are affected each year with the mortality rate ranging from 10 – 30 %. Inflammation, hemostatic dysregulation and vascular complications contribute to the pathogenesis of PE. Endogenous thrombin generation contributes to the overall pathology of PE. The purpose of this study is to investigate endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and the circulating biomarkers of inflammation, hemostatic activation and endothelial dysfunction in plasma samples obtained from the patients at the onset of PE. METHODS: Citrated blood samples from 78 patients with confirmed PE were collected at Loyola University Medical Center and Gottlieb Memorial Hospital under an IRB approved protocol. Normal human plasma (NHP) comprised of 25 male and 25 female samples were obtained from a commercial source (George King Biomedical, Overland park, KS.) Thrombin generation studies were carried out using a commercially available a kinetic system (Diagnostica Stago, Paris, France). Thrombin generation parameters such as peak thrombin, lag time and area under the curve (AUC) were compiled. Frozen samples were retrospectively analyzed for biomarkers, including D-Dimer, PAI-1, TNFa, IL6, IL1b, VEGF and TFPI using commercially available sandwich ELISA methods. Results were compiled as mean ± SD and analyzed for significance and correlation. Applicable statistical analysis was carried out by using GraphPad Prism software. RESULTS: On a cumulative basis, PE patients showed a wide variation in thrombin generation parameters. Peak thrombin levels (91.1 nM vs 160.0 nM) and AUC (554.7 nM*min vs 700.9 nM*min) were decreased in PE patients while lag time was increased (6.41 min vs 2.7 min). Biomarkers analysis showed elevated levels of D-Dimer (7521.3 ng/ml) in comparison to NHP (192.8 ng/ml), PAI (67.3 ng/ml) in comparison to NHP (10.5 ng/ml), TNF-a (3.2 pg/ml) in comparison to NHP (1.9 pg/ml), IL6 (99.9 pg/ml) in comparison to NHP (1.24 pg/ml), IL1b (1.6 pg/ml) in comparison to NHP (0.79 pg/ml) and TFPI (139.1ng/ml) in comparison to NHP (62.3 ng/ml) while and VEGF (31.24 pg/ml) levels were decreased in comparison to NHP (45.5 pg/ml. The biomarker levels did not show any correlation with peak thrombin levels with the exception of VEGF and TFPI. Samples with higher thrombin generation (>150 nM) showed marked elevation of all of the biomarkers studied. CONCLUSIONS: PE patients exhibit a wide variation in endogenous thrombin generation parameters. However, biomarkers of hemostatic activation, vascular dysfunction and inflammation were increased. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Measurement of thrombin generation parameters along with the biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunctions may be useful in the overall management of PE patients. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Emily Bontekoe, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Yevgeniy Brailovsky, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Amir Darki, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Jawed Fareed, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by ambar Farooqui, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Debra Hoppensteadt, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Omer Iqbal, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Fakiha Siddiqui, source=Web Response

Orta Anadolu Biber Genotiplerinin Farklı Tuz Konsantrasyonlarına Tolerans Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi

Starting breeding studies with genotypes known salt tolerance levels provides important advantages. In the study, it was aimed to determine the tolerance levels (0, 50, 100, 150 mM NaCl) of 30 promising pepper genotypes selected from the pepper genotypes selected, which were collected from Kırşehir province as a result of surveys. In order to determine the responses of pepper genotypes to different salt levels; plants were graded according to 0-5 scale evaluation for the symptomatic appearance of the genotypes, 50% flowering time, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, stem and root fresh-dry weights, leaf relative water content, relative growth rate, the leaf membrane damage, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. In addition, the analyzed parameters were evaluated in general and according to the degree of genotypes affected by salt stress; then, it was classified as tolerant, medium tolerant and sensitive. At the end of the experiment, it was determined that the growth and development of pepper genotypes were prevented by the increased salt doses, but the reactions to salt stress showed a wide variation in parameters. When the effects of applied salt doses on all parameters is evaluated in general; genotypes K86, D47, 2015-10, K80, D20, S67 and S65 were more tolerant to salt stress than others. These genotypes can be suggested for pepper growing and further pepper breeding studies in salty soil conditions.

Pathfinder algorithm optimized fractional order tilt-integral-derivative (FOTID) controller for automatic generation control of multi-source power system

This paper introduces a fractional order tilt-integral-derivative (FOTID) controller which is structurally analogous to fractional order proportional-integral-derivative controller in a power system for solving automatic generation control (AGC) problem. It is optimized by a recent metaheuristic optimizer called pathfinder algorithm (PFA). An interconnected two-area power system model comprising of multi-sources like thermal, hydro and gas generating units including physical constraints namely, governor dead band (GDB) and generation rate constraint (GRC) are taken into consideration for the study. The efficiency of the proposed controller for AGC is shown by comparing it with PFA optimized tilt-integral-derivative (TID) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers with integral of time multiplied absolute error (ITAE) taken as the objective function. Simulation study supports the claim that the proposed controller provides better dynamic responses as compared to the others. Sensitivity and robust analyses are done to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PFA optimized FOTID controller to a wide variation in system parameters, at different step load and random load disturbances.

Correlation of Quantitated Intravascular Volume with Blood Pressure in Patients with Systemic Hypertension.

Volume management is an essential component of anti-hypertensive therapy. Different volume phenotypes have been proposed. We sought to study the total blood volume (TBV), plasma volume (PV), and red blood cell volume (RBV) in hypertensive patients. We included patients followed in an outpatient cardiology clinic from 1998 to 2003. Blood volume (BV) parameters were measured using radioisotope iodine-131-labeled albumin dilution technique. Values were expressed as percentage (%) deviation from ideal volumes. A total of 95 patients were included. The intravascular volume distribution as percent deviation from normal volume ranged from - 23 to + 28% for TBV, - 22 to + 36% for PV and - 29 to + 37% for RBV. There was no significant correlation between systolic BP and any of the BV parameters (TBV and SBP, r = - 0.03; PV and SBP, r = - 0.12; RBV and SBP, r = - 0.08). Patients with hypertension have a wide variation in BV parameters. BV does not correlate with SBP.

A Novel Approach Based on Line Inequality Concept and Sine–Cosine Algorithm for Estimating Optimal Reach Setting of Quadrilateral Relays

Quadrilateral characteristics of distance relays are widely used in modern power systems because of its lesser sensitivity to the variation in operating scenarios and fault parameters. The performance of quadrilateral relay is heavily dependent on the proper selection of reach settings. The reach accuracy of distance relays with settings estimated using conventional techniques deteriorates during stressed conditions such as load variation, power swings and remote end infeed/outfeed variations. A proper setting in addition to avoiding overreach and underreach cases should also posses higher loadability limit. In this regard, the relay reach setting has been mathematically formulated as a constrained optimization problem in the present work, with the aim of maintaining the trade-off between the reach accuracy and the loadability limit in terms of area enclosed by the relay characteristics. Sine–cosine algorithm has been adopted to solve the multiobjective optimization problem and hence obtain the reach setting of the quadrilateral relay. The performance of the proposed scheme in terms of providing optimal reach setting has been extensively examined against wide variation in fault parameters and operating scenarios. Further, in order to test the effectiveness of the proposed scheme for real-time applications, the suitability of the quadrilateral relay has also been validated by performing real-time simulations using OPAL-RT digital simulator.