Wide Range Of Scientific Areas Research Articles

In situ punch wear measurement in a blanking tool, by means of thin layer activation

The improvement in the productivity of the leadframe blanking industry of is a key for its competitiveness. Consequently the challenge for researchers covers a wide range of scientific areas (materials, lubrication, process, etc.). Among others the improvement of the punch wear resistance is one of the most important parameters in the blanking process. Consequently punch wear understanding is the topic of this paper. Because of the strong influence of the centering of the punch-die clearance upon the burr amount, it is crucial to directly measure punch wear in the blanking press without disassembling the tool. In this paper a new method for a direct measurement of the punch wear, selective activation technique, which has never been applied in the field of blanking is described. With the help of this technique, a precise relation between the loss of activity and the worn volume on the punch has been established. In addition this method allows the influence of the blanking process parameters, like lubrication or nature of the blanked material, to be quantified in real time. The measured wear volumes by this method have been confirmed by means of measurements of the profile of the worn punch carried out after completion of a large amount of blanked parts. These geometrical results exhibit a good agreement with the selective activation technique.

Deal.II—A general-purpose object-oriented finite element library

An overview of the software design and data abstraction decisions chosen for deal.II, a general purpose finite element library written in C++, is given. The library uses advanced object-oriented and data encapsulation techniques to break finite element implementations into smaller blocks that can be arranged to fit users requirements. Through this approach, deal.II supports a large number of different applications covering a wide range of scientific areas, programming methodologies, and application-specific algorithms, without imposing a rigid framework into which they have to fit. A judicious use of programming techniques allows us to avoid the computational costs frequently associated with abstract object-oriented class libraries. The paper presents a detailed description of the abstractions chosen for defining geometric information of meshes and the handling of degrees of freedom associated with finite element spaces, as well as of linear algebra, input/output capabilities and of interfaces to other software, such as visualization tools. Finally, some results obtained with applications built atop deal.II are shown to demonstrate the powerful capabilities of this toolbox.

Stereo CUTLASS - A new capability for the SuperDARN HF radars

Abstract. The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN), which consists of networks of HF radars surrounding the northern and southern poles, has proven to be an extremely successful experimental technique in a wide range of scientific areas. The basic design of the radars, which contributes to SuperDARN, has remained virtually unchanged since the first radar was built in the early 1980s. This paper presents the first results of a significant new development of the basic system. Termed "Stereo", this development involves the addition of a duplicate receive channel and makes use of the spare duty cycle available in the current transmitters. The Stereo system has been implemented on the two radars that form the Co-operative UK Twin Located Auroral Sounding System (CUTLASS), which are the easternmost pair of radars in the Northern Hemisphere SuperDARN chain. Instead of the standard 7 pulse sequence normally employed by the radars, two such pulse sequences are interleaved and transmitted at different frequencies separated by more than 15kHz. This development allows for the radar to run two entirely different experimental modes simultaneously. Here we describe the basic Stereo system and some of the early results. We also identify potential new experiments which could be run with Stereo to complement the existing standard SuperDARN radar. Key words. Ionosphere (ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions; ionospheric irregularities; instruments and techniques)

On fuzzy difunctional relations

Difunctional relations have proved to play an important role in software design and in database theory. On the other hand, the concept of fuzzy set has received increasing attention from researchers in a wide range of scientific areas, especially in computer science. This paper extends difunctional relations in the framework of fuzzy relations with max-min composition for the purpose of gaining a better understanding of their properties, their structure, and their behavior. One motivation for this is to study fuzzy difunctional dependencies in the framework of the fuzzy relational data model.

4829237 Circuit device having a self-testing function and a testing method thereof

The improvement in the productivity of the leadframe blanking industry of is a key for its competitiveness. Consequently the challenge for researchers covers a wide range of scientific areas (materials, lubrication, process, etc.). Among others the improvement of the punch wear resistance is one of the most important parameters in the blanking process. Consequently punch wear understanding is the topic of this paper.Because of the strong influence of the centering of the punch-die clearance upon the burr amount, it is crucial to directly measure punch wear in the blanking press without disassembling the tool. In this paper a new method for a direct measurement of the punch wear, selective activation technique, which has never been applied in the field of blanking is described. With the help of this technique, a precise relation between the loss of activity and the worn volume on the punch has been established. In addition this method allows the influence of the blanking process parameters, like lubrication or nature of the blanked material, to be quantified in real time.The measured wear volumes by this method have been confirmed by means of measurements of the profile of the worn punch carried out after completion of a large amount of blanked parts. These geometrical results exhibit a good agreement with the selective activation technique.

The drift of a giant iceberg in the Weddell Sea

Abstract The authors provide details of the calving of a giant iceberg, measuring some 75 X 75 km, from the front of the Larsen Ice Shelf in the Weddell Sea in 1986. They plotted its drift for some 5 months using satellite imagery. They suggest that such giant icebergs might be used as research platforms for studying a wide range of scientific areas.

Cosmochemistry and structure of the giant planets and their satellites

Harold Urey made many contributions to a wide range of scientific areas and in the latter part of his career he played a pioneering role in the development of planetary science as a recognizable scientific discipline. Although you have to go back to his original papers to appreciate fully the power and originality of his work, perhaps his biggest influence was through the semipopular book The Planets, Their Origin and Development (Urey, 1952), which I turned to in seeking inspiration for this presentation.