Control Of Wide Range Research Articles

A Cooperative Control Method for Wide-Range Maneuvering of Autonomous Aerial Refueling Controllable Drogue

In the realm of autonomous aerial refueling missions for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the controllable drogue represents a novel approach that significantly enhances both the safety and efficiency of aerial refueling operations. This paper delves into the issue of wide-range maneuverability control for the controllable drogue. Initially, a dynamic model for the variable-length hose–drogue system is presented. Based on this, a cooperative control framework that synergistically utilizes both the hose and the drogue is designed to achieve wide-range maneuverability of the drogue. To address the delay in hose retrieval and release, an open-loop control strategy based on neural networks is proposed. Furthermore, a closed-loop control method utilizing fuzzy approximation and adaptive error estimation is designed to tackle the challenges posed by modeling inaccuracies and uncertainties in aerodynamic parameters. Comparative simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can make the drogue maneuvering range reach more than 6 m. And it can accurately track the time-varying trajectory under the influence of model uncertainty and wind disturbance with an error of less than 0.1 m throughout. This method provides an effective means for achieving wide-range maneuverability control of the controllable drogue in autonomous aerial refueling missions.

Tuning the stiffness and stretchability of micro-scale-structured polymer membrane simultaneously by integrating mechanical modeling and spatiotemporal controllable photolithograph

Micro-scale structural polymer membranes with desired mechanical properties, such as modulus and stretchability, have extensive applications in repair scaffolds, stretchable electronic devices, etc., yet how to achieve the simultaneous tunability of high modulus (MPa-level) and excellent resilience in micron-scale polymer membrane remains challenge. In this work, based on the material-structure integrated design aided by mechanical modeling and photolithograph, a micro-scale-structured solid-state lithography polyurethane-urea (UVSLPU) membrane has been fabricated, achieving a wide range of controllability on elastic modulus of 25-55 MPa and stretchability of 2.7-7.6 by simultaneously controlling the exposure time and area. Based on the physical mechanism of solid-state lithography, a novel visco-hyperelastic constitutive model is developed to facilitate the quantitative tunning of the mechanical property of UVSLPU. According to the microstructure analysis, the model decomposes the free energy of UVSLPU into three components, including crosslinked network, free chains as well as dangling chains, and describes the influence of exposure time on their nonlinear evolutions through increasing chain density and reducing the number of Kuhn monomers per chain. The proposed model is validated through uniaxial tensile tests conducted at different strain rates and exposure conditions, and reveals the significant contribution of crosslinks and free chains in enhancing the modulus over exposure time. Then, by integrating constitutive modeling and spatiotemporal controllable photolithograph, the design and manufacture for the micro-scale-structured UVSLPU membrane achieving increasing stiffness without losing the stretchability is realized by precisely controlling the exposure area. This work offers a novel and efficient approach for the design and manufacture of micro-scale-structured membranes with desired mechanical properties.

UV PHOTODETECTOR MODULE BASED ON THIN FILM ZINC OXIDE

An analysis of the work of the created photodetector module for ultraviolet (UV) radiation based on the zinc oxide/silicon heterostructure was carried out. A wireless online UV photodetector network capable of providing real-time data has been developed and tested. The Wi-Fi protocol is configured to maximize spatial coverage and have high bandwidth to meet radiation monitoring requirements. The availability of low-latency information makes the monitoring system a sufficient tool for a wide range of photovoltaic system control.

Development of a liquid-helium free cryogenic sample holder with mK temperature control for autonomous electron microscopy

The automated and autonomous cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) demands a sample holder capable of maintaining temperatures below 10 K with precise control, long holding times, and minimal helium use. Rising to this challenge, we initiated an ambitious project to develop a novel closed-cycle cryocooler-based cryogenic sample holder that operates without the use of liquid helium and the consumption of gaseous helium. This article presents the design, construction, and experimental testing of the initial prototype, which achieves an ultimate temperature of 5.6 K with exceptional stability close to 1mK, while providing a wide temperature control range from 295 K to 5.6 K, marking a clear advancement in cryo-EM holder development. While the prototype was not designed for atomic resolution imaging and thus lacks a sturdy support system to mitigate mechanical vibrations from the cryocooler's pulsed tube, this innovative approach successfully demonstrates proof of concept. It offers unprecedented capabilities for state-of-the-art cryogenic microscopy and microanalysis in materials and biological sciences.

Highly Tunable Light Absorber Based on Topological Interface Mode Excitation of Optical Tamm State.

Optical absorbers based on Tamm plasmon states are known for their simple structure and high operational efficiency. However, these absorbers often have limited absorption channels, and it is challenging to continuously adjust their light absorption rates. Here, we propose a Tamm plasmon state optical absorber composed of a layered stack structure consisting of one-dimensional topological photonic crystals and graphene nano-composite materials. Using the four-by-four transfer matrix method, we investigate the structural relationship of the absorber. Our results reveal that topological interface states (TISs) effectively excite the optical Tamm state (OTS), leading to multiple absorption peaks. This expands the number of absorption channels, with the coupling number of the TIS determining the transmission quality of these channels-a value further adjustable by the period number of the photonic crystals. Tuning the filling factor, refractive index, and thickness of the graphene nano-composite material allows for a wide range of control over the device's absorption rate, from 0 to 1. Additionally, adjusting the defect layer thickness, incident angle, and Fermi energy enables us to control the absorber's operational bandwidth and the switching of its absorption effect. This work presents a new approach to expanding the tunability of optoelectronic devices.

Effects of slit geometric parameters on spray characteristics of double-slit pintle injectors

Pintle injectors have garnered significant research attention in recent years, particularly for their applicability in reusable launch vehicles, owing to their wide thrust control range and excellent combustion stability. While research has explored the characteristics of pintle injectors in the context of developing these components for actual engine applications, studies focusing on the effects of design parameters on injector performance have been limited. This study investigated the effects of slit geometric parameters, specifically the blockage factor (BF) and slit area ratio (γ), on the spray characteristics of double-slit pintle injectors. Cold-flow tests were conducted using planar pintle injectors with water and ethanol as simulants. The spray angle and Sauter mean diameter (SMD) were measured using the shadowgraph technique, and the distribution of mass flow rate and mixture ratio was analyzed using a mechanical patternator. The experimental results revealed that two distinct streams were injected at different angles from each row of slits, resulting in a division of spray shape, SMD, and mass flow distribution into three regions based on the two streams. These spray angles, termed primary and secondary spray angles, were quantified as functions of the local momentum ratio, determined by BF and γ. To correlate the spray characteristics with combustion performance, mixing quality and a representative droplet size metric, the integral Sauter mean diameter (ID32), were presented. The study found that higher values of BF and γ corresponded to improved mixing quality.

Surfactant-Mediated Assembly of Precision-Size Liposomes.

Liposomes can greatly improve the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic agents due to their ability to encapsulate drugs and accumulate in target tissues. Considerable effort has been focused on methods to synthesize these nanocarriers in the past decades. However, most methods fail to controllably generate lipid vesicles at specific sizes and with low polydispersity, especially via scalable approaches suitable for clinical product manufacturing. Here, we report a surfactant-assisted liposome assembly method enabling the precise production of monodisperse liposomes with diameters ranging from 50 nm to 1 μm. To overcome scalability limitations, we used tangential flow filtration, a scalable size-based separation technique, to readily concentrate and purify the liposomal samples from more than 99.9% of detergent. Further, we propose two modes of liposome self-assembly following detergent dilution to explain the wide range of liposome size control, one in which phase separation into lipid-rich and detergent-rich phases drives the formation of large bilayer liposomes and a second where the rate of detergent monomer partitioning into solution controls bilayer leaflet imbalances that promote fusion into larger vesicles. We demonstrate the utility of controlled size assembly of liposomes by evaluating nanoparticle uptake in macrophages, where we observe a clear linear relationship between vesicle size and total nanoparticle uptake.

Experimental implementation of Speed Stabilizer Based Field Oriented Control of Brushless DC Motor for Scooter Applications

An electric scooter, as one type of Lightweight vehicles technology, is a motorized vehicle designed for short-distance travel and recreational purposes. It is powered by an electric motor and typically has a rechargeable battery that provides sufficient power to operate the vehicle. Electric scooters are similar to traditional scooters but are much quieter, eco-friendly, and more energy-efficient. They are commonly used as an alternative mode of transportation for commuting, sightseeing, and recreational activities. This work presents an experimental implementation of speed stabilizer of electric scooter. In fact, a constant speed function might be required in a specific case in the operation of the scooter. A Field Oriented Control (FOC) method was chosen to control the speed of 3-phase Brushless DC motor of the scooter using a PIC16F873A Microcontroller through a Driver circuit. The control algorithm is designed to produce pulse width modulation (PWM) signal with the PID controller of the pulse bandwidth equipped with this Microcontroller and compared to the return pulse of the speed sensor in order to create and apply a closed back-feed system for good stability performance of scooter speed at different load values. The results obtained from this work show that the possibility of obtaining a wide range of control of the speed of the scooter at different loads with high reliability.

Study of vortex throttle characteristics with adjustable resistance by rotation of the vortex chamber inlet channel

Abstract The study is aimed at obtaining and analyzing the flow and cavitation characteristics of the proposed control devices, which are in demand in control systems for aircraft and rocket engines, chemical and other technological processes that require a wide range of flow control at high pressure drops. The characteristics of vortex throttling devices with cylindrical and spherical chambers were obtained, providing flow control in the range of 0.1–25 kg/s. A change in flow rate in the range of 3.5–3.8 can be achieved by changing the flow swirl intensity without throttling the flow sections. When vortex devices operate, the threshold for the occurrence of cavitation shifts to the region of small values of P out /P in, and, starting from the values of the geometric characteristic A > 4.5, cavitation is absent throughout the entire range of flow control. The pressure drop at the inlet channel of the vortex chamber does not exceed 10–30 % of the total resistance of the device. The torque on the control roller is small, 1.8–2.8 Nm, regardless of the flow rate.

Toward Precise Modeling of Dopamine Release Kinetics: Comparison and Validation of Kinetic Models Using Voltammetry.

Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter present within the animal brain that is responsible for a wide range of physiologic functions, including motivation, reward, and movement control. Changes or dysfunction in the dynamics of DA release are thought to play a pivotal role in regulating various physiological and behavioral processes, as well as leading to neuropsychiatric diseases. Therefore, it is of fundamental interest to neuroscientists to understand and accurately model the kinetics that govern dopaminergic neurotransmission. In the past several decades, many mathematical models have been proposed to attempt to capture the biologic parameters that govern dopaminergic kinetics, with each model seeking to improve upon a previous model. In this review, each of these models are derived, and the ability of each model to properly fit two fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) data sets will be demonstrated and discussed. The dopamine oxidation current in both FSCV data sets exhibits hang-up and overshoot behaviors, which have traditionally been difficult for mathematical models to capture. We show that more recent models are better able to model DA release that exhibits these behaviors but that no single model is clearly the best. Rather, models should be selected based on their mathematical properties to best fit the FSCV data one is trying to model. Developing such differential equation models to describe the kinetics of DA release from the synapse confers significant applications both for advancing scientific understanding of DA neurotransmission and for advancing clinical ability to treat neuropsychiatric diseases.

Central Region of the С-250 Cyclotron

The peculiarities of modeling of the central region and hydrogen ion beam dynamics for the cyclotron C-250 designed for operation in a wide energy control range of 30-250 MeV are considered. On the basis of modeling of ion beam dynamics in the energy control range, the optimal configuration of the central region of the accelerating system of the C-250 cyclotron is determined. The developed central region fulfills the requirements to ensure sufficient vertical focusing of particles by the electric field while capturing the beam in a wide phase range. The deviation of the centers ofparticle orbits from the geometric center of the cyclotron is 2-3 mm for the whole range of regulation of the cyclotron magnetic field.

Beyond racial resentment: Systemic racism beliefs and public attitudes toward criminal justice institutions and reforms

AbstractIntroductionSystemic racism theory has become a central part of academic and public discussions about criminal justice institutions and reforms. Little, however, is known about the association between people's belief in the ubiquity of systemic racism and their attitudes toward criminal justice institutions and reforms.MethodsTo fill this gap, we examine the association between systemic racism beliefs and support for police, police reform, and the BLM movement using a national YouGov sample of 1125 U.S. adults.ResultsSystemic racism beliefs are associated with Americans’ attitudes toward all three outcomes, net of a wide range of controls, including negative experiences with police, political ideology, and most notably, racial resentment.ConclusionOur study provides compelling evidence that belief in systemic racism is an important driver of Americans’ support for police, police reforms, and BLM.

A novel higher-order sliding mode control for DC-DC boost converter system in PMDC motor exploring mismatched disturbances

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to stabilize the rotating speed of the permanent magnet direct current (PMDC) motor driven by a DC-DC boost converter under mismatched disturbances (i.e.) under varying load circumstances like constant, frictional, fan type, propeller and undefined torques.Design/methodology/approachThis manuscript proposes a higher order sliding mode control to elevate the dynamic behavior of the speed controller and the robustness of the PMDC motor. A second order classical sliding surface and proportional-integral-derivative sliding surface (PIDSS) are designed and compared.FindingsFor the boost converter with PMDC motor, both simulation and experimentation are exploited. The prototype is built for an 18 W PMDC motor with field programmable gate arrays. The suggested sliding mode with second order improves the robustness of the arrangement under disturbances with a wide range of control. Both the simulation and experimental setup shows satisfactory results.Originality/valueAccording to software-generated mathematical design and experimental findings, PIDSS exhibits excellent performance with respect to settling speed, steady-state error and peak overshoot.

Radiation Properties of Two Elements Microstrip Antenna Array at Microwave Frequencies

One of the key challenges in developing radio communication systems is the creation of tiny solid-state radiation sources, particularly in the microwave and millimeter range.An antenna serves as the efficient interface between electronic circuits and the external environment, making it a crucial element in the growing trend of using high frequencies in contemporary wireless communications.The card actively contributed to the development of several subsystems for an active monolithic Phased Array Antenna, which utilizes solutions in space technology and antenna technologies operating at frequencies of around 30 GHz and 28 GHz, such as Local Multipoint Distribution (LMDS). This document primarily focuses on the study method and the two components of active patch arrays. The radiation models were computed utilizing the cavity plate model, the Simple Green model, and the rigorous commercial Electromagnetic Simulator. The active rectangular patches with the Gann diode were reconfigured and assembled into arrays in the E-plane and H-plane. The calculated and measured findings for both active arrays have proved the potential for beam scanning. All three models have accurately projected radiation levels across a wide range of steering controls. To ensure stable operation, a thin dielectric layer was positioned in front of the H plane of the array. The impact of the dielectric layer on the even and odd modes of the array has been demonstrated.

GESTURE CONTROLLED SMART GLOVE WITH WEB APPLICATION

his paper presents a gesture-controlled smart glove system integrated with a web application for interactive user interface and control. The glove utilizes an array of sensors, such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and flex sensors, to detect hand movements and gestures with high precision. These sensors capture real-time data, which is processed by an embedded microcontroller unit (MCU) onboard the glove. The processed data is then transmitted wirelessly to a web application via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi connectivity. The web application, accessible through a browser on any device, provides a user-friendly interface for controlling various applications and devices remotely. Users can customize gesture mappings to specific actions, enabling seamless interaction with IoT devices, virtual reality environments, and computer applications. The system's architecture emphasizes modularity and scalability, allowing for easy integration of additional sensors or functionalities. Moreover, the web application employs responsive design principles, ensuring compatibility with different screen sizes and devices. In conclusion, the proposed gesture-controlled smart glove system offers a versatile and intuitive interface for interacting with digital environments. Its integration with a web application enhances accessibility and usability, making it suitable for a wide range of applications, including gaming, rehabilitation, and virtual control interfaces. Key Words: MCU, Flex sensors, Web Application, Gesture Control, IOT

Blocked versus interleaved: How range contexts modulate time perception and its EEG signatures.

Accurate time perception is a crucial element in a wide range of cognitive tasks, including decision-making, memory, and motor control. One commonly observed phenomenon is that when given a range of time intervals to consider, people's estimates often cluster around the midpoint of those intervals. Previous studies have suggested that the range of these intervals can also influence our judgments, but the neural mechanisms behind this "range effect" are not yet understood. We used both behavioral tests and electroencephalographic (EEG) measures to understand how the range of sample time intervals affects the accuracy of people's subsequent time estimates. Study participants were exposed to two different setups: In the "blocked-range" (BR) session, short and long intervals were presented in separate blocks, whereas in the "interleaved-range" (IR) session, intervals of various lengths were presented randomly. Our findings indicated that the BR context led to more accurate time estimates compared to the IR context. In terms of EEG data, the BR context resulted in quicker buildup of contingent negative variation (CNV), which also reached higher amplitude levels and dissolved more rapidly during the encoding stage. We also observed an enhanced amplitude in the offset P2 component of the EEG signal. Overall, our results suggest that the variability in time intervals, as defined by their range, influences the neural processes that underlie time estimation.

Реформа контрольно-надзорной деятельности и проверки медицинских организаций: мифы и реальность.

The analysis presented in the article convincingly shows that all changes occurring in recent years in the implementation of federal state control of the quality and safety of medical activities are implemented in strict accordance with the program “Reform of control and supervisory activities”, and at the same time these changes do not allow any – weakening in terms of the need to comply with mandatory requirements for this type of control (supervision). The reform of control and supervisory activities does not imply the abolition of all inspections of medical organizations, but the replacement of certain traditional control (supervisory) activities, first of all, this concerns scheduled inspections, with new types of control (supervisory) activities, i. e. for new types of inspections, and for preventive measures. Currently, priority areas of work in the state control (supervision) system are expanding the number and more precise adjustment of risk indicators, including with the aim of increasing the share of unscheduled control (supervisory) activities, i. e. unscheduled inspections conducted based on risk indicators. Medical organizations need to constantly ensure thorough preparation for carrying out preventive measures within the framework of federal state control of the quality and safety of medical activities as measures that are the most important part of the modern system of control (supervisory) activities; control (supervisory) activities without interaction with controlled persons; a wide range of unscheduled control (supervisory) activities, including unscheduled inspections carried out on the basis of risk indicators.

A Reconfigurable Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array With Wide-Range Continuous Beamwidth Control (WCBC) Based on Polarization-Mixing

A Reconfigurable Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array With Wide-Range Continuous Beamwidth Control (WCBC) Based on Polarization-Mixing

Climate worry reduces farmer well-being

Climate anxiety and worry about a changing climate have the potential to reduce individual well-being. We test for this possibility using a national survey sample of farmers, foresters, and growers in Aotearoa New Zealand. This group is of particular interest because changing climate has the potential to radically change their commercial operations. We find that survey respondents who express climate worry report substantially lower subjective well-being. Our estimates are robust to the inclusion of a wide range of controls. Our findings point to the importance of mitigating and adapting to climate change for well-being.

High-precision and wide-range temperature measurement and control system of satellite-borne calibration blackbody

The accurate measurement and control of blackbody temperature can play an important role in radiometric calibration. A novel circuit suitable for the aerospace environment is designed to measure and control the temperature of the blackbody. A coarse-fine measurement method considering the wire resistance and self-heating effect of the platinum resistance is presented to calculate the resistance values of the platinum resistors. The precision of temperature measurement is improved using a line fitting algorithm with error calibration and temperature drift error compensation. A fuzzy self-adaptive PID controller is designed to improve the temperature control effect. The performances of the developed system are implemented on an FPGA/A3PE3000-FG484I controller board. The test results show that the device temperature measurement precision can reach ±0.03K for the entire temperature range 238 K to 367 K, the temperature stability is better than 0.02 K/20 s, and the temperature uniformity is better than 0.1 K.