Wide Pressure Research Articles

Emulsion template – based porous silicones with piezocapacitive response

Porous silicones were prepared by thiol-ene photoaddition or hydrolysis - condensation cross-linking in emulsion template in the presence of a pyridyl-modified siloxane oligomer as surfactant, at room temperature. Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) was tested as alternative, more eco-friendly solvent in competition with toluene. Variations in the composition of silicone precursors, thus in cross-linking density and method, allowed tuning of mechanical properties. The piezocapacitive response of the porous silicones was investigated, focusing on the dielectric material as potential sensing element in capacitive pressure sensors. The capacitance variation showed linearity on wide pressure domains, roughly between 2 and 300 kPa, depending on the mechanical properties of the porous monoliths. A direct correlation between sensitivity and Young's modulus was found, which allows tuning of the sensing behavior. The softest material, prepared with a binary mixture of silicone precursors, exhibited a sensitivity of 8.7 × 10−3 kPa−1 on 9–29 kPa pressure range. A porous silicone – MWCNT composite showed spectacular increase in sensitivity, with maximum value of 0.747 kPa−1 and 0–7.5 kPa sensing range when compressed at 30%. Gauge factors of 29.2 in the compressive strain range of 13–30% and as high as 88.8 in the compressive strain range of 25–50% were found.

Kinetical driving force analysis of unstable combustion behavior in ammonia/hydrogen blending system

Unstable combustion states are frequently observed in ammonia/hydrogen blended combustion systems. This study aims to explore the underlying thermokinetic feedback driving forces responsible for the occurrence of unstable combustion states based on the identified dominant reactions. To achieve this, the newly developed functional weight analysis method is employed and compared with the combination of heat-release/temperature sensitivity anaylsis. Analysis conducted within several popular mechanisms over a wide temperature and pressure range reveals that the important reactions identified in different mechanisms consistently exhibit loop-formed kinetics with similar mechanism functions.These loops include a hydrogen chain-branching loop, a NH2 dehydrogenation-oxidation loop, and a NOx-DeNOx loop. All of these loops encompass a combination of exothermic and endothermic reactions, and they mutually promote each other due to their loop-formed kinetic. Consequently, when the heat release/heat absorption ratios within the loop kinetics meet specific quantitative criteria, they establish effective thermokinetic feedback. This feedback mechanism initiates and sustains non-constant heat release, serving as a monopole sound source that produces acoustic waves. It is worth noting that the discovery of NOx-DeNOx loop provides a compelling explaination for the frequently observed association between oscillatory combustion states and elevated NOx emissions.

Janus Conductive Mechanism: An Innovative Strategy Enabling Ultra‐Wide Linearity Range Pressure Sensing for Multi‐Scenario Applications

AbstractThe wide range of pressure detection and the exceptional linearity are essential performance parameters for flexible pressure sensors, enabling them to adapt to diverse scenarios and acquire information accurately. However, currently available “ultra‐wide range” piezoresistive sensors lack an optimal solution that effectively balances sensing properties, device thickness, and process cost. This study proposes a distinctive approach by introducing a Janus conductive structure assembled with dual resistive sensitive layers. The design allows for a pressure‐induced staged transformation of the current transport path, effectively mitigating variations and saturation in sensor resistance over a wide pressure range. The resulting piezoresistive sensor demonstrates an unprecedented detection range of 0–3800 kPa, showcasing remarkable sensitivity of 4.11 kPa−1 and outstanding linearity of 99.9% within the range of 0–1000 kPa. Additionally, the sensor boasts a thickness of only ≈200 µm, made possible through the utilization of a cellulose nanofibers material matrix. These performance achievements stand at the forefront when compared to existing reports. This research explores the potential applications of these sensors and extended arrays in the domains of human health and motion monitoring. It investigates their utility in gait analysis for assisted posture correction, as well as in the assessment and rehabilitation of gait instability.

Adjustment of Proportional Control Valve Characteristics via Pressure Compensation Using Flow Forces

This article concerns flow analysis through a multi-section proportional control valve. In valves of this type, the flow rate is adjusted through an electromagnet current. However, for a fixed control signal value, the flow rate changes as the pressure in the system increases, which is an unfavorable phenomenon. Compensation for pressure influence is usually achieved using additional valves. In this work, the valve characteristics were modified to achieve a possibly steady flow rate by compensating for the pressure using flow forces without the necessity of correction valves. For this purpose, the geometry of the spool throttling slots was designed by making precise cuts. Moreover, the parameters of the return springs were adjusted accordingly. The changes were introduced in such a way as to adjust the direction of the fluid stream and thus influence the balance of forces acting on the spool. Simulation tests were performed using the CFD method. In turn, laboratory experiments were carried out using the PONAR WREM10 valve with a prototype spool in two neutral position flow configurations: closed (E) and open (W). The results confirmed the valve’s ability to maintain a quasi-constant flow rate in a wide pressure range. The maximum obtained non-uniformity in the flow rate for the fixed control signal in the whole studied pressure range, p = 5–30 MPa, was 6.3% except for the lowest current intensity, I=0.6A, when it raised to 13.6%. Moreover, high consistency between simulation results and laboratory experiments was achieved. The difference in the obtained flow rate did not exceed 8–10% in the case of low current intensity values I=0.6–0.75 A, and it fell below 5% at higher ones.

Highly sensitive flexible pressure sensor based on a 1D/2D hybrid aerogel

Wearable pressure sensors with highly sensitive and wide detection ranges are essential for human motion monitoring. In this work, a self-assembled hybrid aerogel was obtained by polyacrylonitrile nanofibers, polyaniline, and reduced graphene oxide. Based on the complementation of 1D and 2D nanomaterials, the aerogel acted like a spring under lower pressure and a membrane under higher pressure, showing great potential in human motion monitoring. According to the wide detection range of the aerogel, an artificial hand was designed to recognize different spatial pressures such as grasping a pen, holding a bottle, and shaking hands. These signal outputs could be precisely reflected by voltage change and further converted to RGB values. Meanwhile, a shoe pad was prepared to monitor foot pressure and the resistance change could be converted to color scale signals. This work provides a new strategy for 1D/2D hybrid nanomaterials-based aerogel with wide pressure ranges in flexible electronics.

Porous nanofibers and micro-pyramid structures array for high-performance flexible pressure sensors

Flexible pressure sensors have attracted extensive research interest as smart wearable devices’ core components. However, developing flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity and wide pressure detection range remains a great challenge. Utilizing electrospinning and mould transfer technology, this paper presents a novel ‘sandwich’ flexible pressure sensor composed of a sensitive layer of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) porous nanofiber network film and electrodes made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micro-pyramid structure array film. Through ultrasonic treatment, carbon black particles penetrate into the PLA porous nanofiber film, which effectively enhances the conductivity of the PLA film. Due to the complex conductive pathways formed by the ultra-high specific surface area of the PLA porous nanofibers and the three-dimensional amplification structure of the PDMS micro-pyramid arrays, the sensor has a high sensitivity of 54.06 kPa−1, a wide detection range of 0–56 kPa, an ultra-low detection limit of 2.5 Pa and excellent durability (10000 cycles). Impressively, the sensor is able to accurately monitor various physiological activities of the human body in real time, which is believed to be a strong impetus for the development of the next generation of wearable products.

Combustion and plume-plasma characteristics of cesium-based solid propellant

The high-temperature plume of solid propellant has spawned considerable amount of highly ionized plasma, which can be used to increase the specific impulse of propellant with the external physical field, as well as serve as the charged particles for the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator on the thruster. Unfortunately, the deficiency of workable deal to promote the electrical performance of the plume hinders the development of the above technologies. In this work, cesium-based composite solid propellants (CCSP) were designed and fabricated by introducing cesium-based oxidants into the AP/HTPB/Al propellant as the highly ionized seed. The propulsion properties and plume conductivity of CCSP were preliminarily calculated through theoretical method. The comprehensive combustion-plasma characteristics (plume conductivity, flame morphology and combustion temperature) of CCSP were further investigated, utilizing plume-plasma diagnostic system. Profiting from the high electron derailment capacity of cesium atom with high temperature, the density of charged particles in the plume of CCSP significantly multiplied. The conductivity of CCSP plume with a value of >1000 S/m presented several orders of magnitude enhancement compared with the plume of baseline propellant (3.9 S/m). Additionally, partially replacing AP with CN/CP contributed to the combustion adequacy of Al MPs. The investigation on the burning rate pressure-index of CCSP and baseline using the high-pressure combustion chamber indicated that 0<nbaseline<nCCSP<1, proving the application ability on SRM and the ability to regulate the burning rate over a wide pressure range for CCSP. Overall, the presented work provided a novel method for improving the plume-plasma performance of propellant, exhibiting the admirable application prospects for Rocket-MHD generator technology and enhancement technology of thrust/specific impulse by physical energy field.

Furosemide to lower antenatal severe hypertension: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

BackgroundHypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of perinatal morbidity, and timely treatment of severely elevated blood pressure is recommended to prevent serious sequelae. In acute hypertension marked by increased blood volume, it is unknown whether diuretics used as an adjunct to antihypertensive medications leads to more effective blood pressure control. ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the addition of intravenous furosemide to first-line antihypertensive agents reduces systolic blood pressure in acute-onset, severe antenatal hypertension with wide (≥60 mmgHg) pulse pressure. Study DesignIn this double-blinded randomized trial, participants received 40 milligrams of intravenous furosemide or placebo in addition to a first-line antihypertensive agent. The primary outcome was mean systolic blood pressure during the first hour after intervention. Secondary outcomes included corresponding diastolic blood pressure; systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure at 2 hours after intervention; total reduction from qualifying blood pressure, duration of blood pressure control, need for additional antihypertensive doses within 1 hour, and electrolytes and urine output. A sample size of 35 subjects per group was planned to detect a 15-mmHg difference in blood pressure. ResultsBetween January 2021 and March 2022, 65 individuals were randomized, 33 to furosemide and 32 to placebo. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. There was no difference in the primary outcome of mean 1-hour systolic blood pressure (147 [14.8] vs 152 mmHg [13.8], P=.200). We found a reduction in 2-hour systolic blood pressure (139 [18.5] vs 154 mmHg [18.4], P=.007) and a decrease in 2-hour pulse pressure (55 [12.5] vs 67 [15.1], P=.003) in the furosemide group. Subgroup analysis according to hypertension type showed a significant reduction in mean 1-hour systolic blood pressure, 2-hour systolic blood pressure, and 2-hour pulse pressure among patients with new-onset but not pre-existing hypertension. Urine output was greater in the furosemide group with no difference in electrolytes and creatinine before and after intervention. ConclusionIntravenous furosemide in conjunction with a first-line antihypertensive agent did not significantly reduce systolic blood pressure in the first hour after administration. However, both systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure at 2 hours were decreased in the furosemide group. These findings suggest that a one-time dose of intravenous furosemide is a reasonable adjunct to achieve blood pressure control, particularly in patients in whom increased volume is suspected.

Pressure-induced ferroelectric and electronic transitions in two-dimensional ferroelectric semiconductor of NbOCl2 up to 41.7 GPa

NbOCl2, a representative van der Waals ferroelectric (FE) semiconductor, has become the research frontier due to its peculiar appeal in both fundamental research studies and potential applications. In the present work, the high-pressure structural, vibrational, and electrical transport properties of NbOCl2 under different hydrostatic environments were systematically investigated over a wide pressure range of 1.7–41.7 GPa using a diamond anvil cell coupled with in situ Raman spectroscopy, electrical conductivity, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations. Upon non-hydrostatic compression, NbOCl2 underwent a FE-to-antiferroelectric phase transition at 3.4 GPa, followed by a semiconductor-to-metal transformation at 15.7 GPa. Under hydrostatic compression, the FE transformation and metallization of NbOCl2 were postponed by ∼2.0 and ∼4.0 GPa due to the effect of helium pressure-transmitting medium. Upon decompression, the phase transition was demonstrated to be reversible under different hydrostatic environments, which was well corroborated by HRTEM analyses. In addition, the linear relations between electrical current and sinusoidal voltage with the nonlinearity factors of ∼1.0 reflect the Ohmic response of NbOCl2 before and after the FE transition. Our findings on NbOCl2 provide a guideline for exploring other layered FE materials under high pressure and establishing a design paradigm for new generations of FE-based devices.

Shear thickening and charge-storing interlayer-based all-aerosol-sprayed wearable triboelectric sensor for industrial wireless human-machine interfaces

In harsh factory environment, achieving design and deployment of wearable sensor is challenging for foundation of industrial internet of things (IoT) systems. Herein, we introduce an all-aerosol-sprayed impact-resistant wearable triboelectric sensor (SC-WTS) that integrates SiO2 nanoparticle-based shear thickening and a charge-storing (SC) interlayer. This interlayer synergistically enhances both anti-impact and self-powered sensing performances, enabling precise detection with a wide pressure range of 0.25–10 kPa, outstanding linearity of 0.96, and high sensitivity of 21.1 V/kPa. Fabricated using an all-aerosol-spray process, the SC-WTS is highly adaptable to diverse wearable substrates, including Kevlar, leather, and plastic plates, and exhibits excellent impact resistance against low-velocity impacts. By conjugating the in-situ fabrication, outstanding self-powered sensing performance, and superior anti-impact performance, a real-time safety monitoring IIoT system was developed utilizing an industrial wireless server network and open platform communications unified architecture. The system enables supervisors to detect industrial collisions and emergency messages in real time through the triboelectric signals generated by the SC-WTS module, which is embedded in safety clothes of onsite workers. This work provides the practical concept of a WTS based on an SC interlayer with excellent anti-impact and self-powered sensing performance for wireless human-machine interfaces under extreme conditions at industrial sites.

Research Progress in Nano Materials and Structural Designs for Flexible Piezoresistive Sensors

This review provides an overview of recent advances in the materials and structural design of flexible piezoresistive sensors, which are of significant interest as smart devices in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Recent research has focused on addressing demand for a wide pressure range and high sensitivity for use in diverse applications. In terms of sensor materials, this review begins by introducing elastomers used for matrix and substrate, which provide exceptional conformability to curved surfaces and mechanical flexibility to withstand stretching and bending. They can also incorporate sensing materials in various forms of nanostructures capable of effectively transmitting electrical signals, exploiting the nanomaterial’s electrical properties and conductivity pathways formation mechanisms under pressure, which define the sensor’s characteristics. Additionally, this review explores structural design considerations, including different types of microstructures that can deform easily even under low pressure, enhancing sensor sensitivity, as well as hierarchical structures capable of gradual changes in contact area to provide a wide range of operating pressures. Moreover, the review discusses time- and cost-efficient microfabrication techniques to facilitate practical utilization of the device. This review then summarizes the applications of high-performance sensors in fields such as health monitoring, including pulse detection and motion tracking, robotics, and human-machine interaction involving components such as touch screens and keypads.

Ultrafast universal fabrication of configurable porous silicone-based elastomers by Joule heating chemistry

Silicone-based elastomers (SEs) have been extensively applied in numerous cutting-edge areas, including flexible electronics, biomedicine, 5G smart devices, mechanics, optics, soft robotics, etc. However, traditional strategies for the synthesis of polymer elastomers, such as bulk polymerization, suspension polymerization, solution polymerization, and emulsion polymerization, are inevitably restricted by long-time usage, organic solvent additives, high energy consumption, and environmental pollution. Here, we propose a Joule heating chemistry method for ultrafast universal fabrication of SEs with configurable porous structures and tunable components (e.g., graphene, Ag, graphene oxide, TiO2, ZnO, Fe3O4, V2O5, MoS2, BN, g-C3N4, BaCO3, CuI, BaTiO3, polyvinylidene fluoride, cellulose, styrene-butadiene rubber, montmorillonite, and EuDySrAlSiOx) within seconds by only employing H2O as the solvent. The intrinsic dynamics of the in situ polymerization and porosity creation of these SEs have been widely investigated. Notably, a flexible capacitive sensor made from as-fabricated silicone-based elastomers exhibits a wide pressure range, fast responses, long-term durability, extreme operating temperatures, and outstanding applicability in various media, and a wireless human-machine interaction system used for rescue activities in extreme conditions is established, which paves the way for more polymer-based material synthesis and wider applications.

Simple fabrication of high-sensitivity capacitive tactile sensor based on a polydimethylsiloxane dielectric layer using a biomimetic gray kangaroo leg structure

Design of the capacitive tactile sensor with ultra-high sensitivity and fast response/recovery times is critical to the advancement of wearable devices. However, achieving both fast response/recovery time and ultra-high sensitivity simultaneously is a huge challenge. In this work a simple and easy-to-prepare flexible capacitive tactile sensor is presented, using a biomimetic gray kangaroo structured dielectric layer of polydimethylsiloxane. By using finite element analysis to study the influences of various structures, the test result of the experimentally optimized tactile sensor showed ultra-high sensitivity (1.202 kPa−1), outstanding response and recovery time (60/85 ms), wide pressure range (0–220 kPa), and excellent stability. Finally, the tactile sensors are tested for practical applications, including robot tactile, human motion monitoring, and Morse code detection.

3D hierarchical microcubic morphological composite and its application for Bi-functional Humidity/Pressure sensing in TENG architecture

Harnessing the power of contact electrification, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are a cutting-edge energy technology, where output performance is greatly influenced by the micro/nano scale architectures of triboelectric layers. We present a study on the development of TENG by introducing an advanced 3D hierarchical microcubic morphological structure prepared by simple solution casting method, employing a renewable material, lignin, in combination with eco-friendly polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The strategic incorporation of epichlorohydrin (EPCH) as a crosslinker enhances thermal stability, and crosslinking within the lignin/PVA composite (LPC) film. A remarkable outcome of this integration is the emergence of a 3D hierarchical microcubic structure within the LPC film. This structure, with its intricate 3D arrangement, emerges as the cornerstone that underpins the development of LPC-TENGs devices distinguished by their simple fabrication process, elevated output performance, and multifaceted applications. The LPC-TENG, adorned with its unique 3D hierarchical microcubic architecture, establishes new standards in energy harvesting and sensing capabilities with a maximum output power density of 135.4 mWm−2, a short-circuit current of 6.44 μA, and a maximum output voltage of 65 V (5 times higher than PVA-based TENGs). Additionally, the LPC-TENG showed exceptional performance as a self-powered bifunctional sensing system, providing a steady output voltage range of 0–10 V across various humidity levels (20–90 % RH) and a wide usable pressure range (0–162 kPa) with a low detection limit of 1 kPa. We demonstrated the application of the LPC-TENG in energy harvesting from human walking, enabling simultaneous measurements of environmental relative humidity, pressure, and illumination of 27 commercial LEDs. The unique 3D hierarchical microcubic architecture offers an unparalleled foundation for accommodating overall performance and diverse sensing functionalities.

Piezofluorochromism in Hierarchical Porous π-stacked Supermolecular Spring Frameworks from Aromatic Chiral Cages.

Piezochromic materials that exhibit pressure-dependent luminescence variations are attracting interest with wide potential applications in mechanical sensors, anticounterfeiting and storage devices. Crystalline porous materials (CPMs) have been widely studied in piezochromism for highly tunable luminescence. Nevertheless, reversible and high-contrast emission response with a wide pressure range is still challenging. Herein, the first example of hierarchical porous cage-based πOF (Cage-πOF-1) with spring structure was synthesized by using aromatic chiral cages as building blocks. Its elastic properties evaluated based on the bulk modulus (9.5 GPa) is softer than most reported CPMs and the collapse point (20.0 GPa) significantly exceeds ever reported CPMs. As smart materials, Cage-πOF-1 displays linear pressure-dependent emission and achieves a high-contrast emission difference up to 154 nm. Pressure-responsive limit is up to 16 GPa, outperforming the CPMs reported so far. Dedicated experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations illustrate that π-π interactions-dominated controllable structural shrinkage and porous-spring-structure-mediated elasticity is responsible for the outstanding piezofluorochromism.

Piezofluorochromism in Hierarchical Porous π‐stacked Supermolecular Spring Frameworks from Aromatic Chiral Cages

AbstractPiezochromic materials that exhibit pressure‐dependent luminescence variations are attracting interest with wide potential applications in mechanical sensors, anticounterfeiting and storage devices. Crystalline porous materials (CPMs) have been widely studied in piezochromism for highly tunable luminescence. Nevertheless, reversible and high‐contrast emission response with a wide pressure range is still challenging. Herein, the first example of hierarchical porous cage‐based πOF (Cage‐πOF‐1) with spring structure was synthesized by using aromatic chiral cages as building blocks. Its elastic properties evaluated based on the bulk modulus (9.5 GPa) is softer than most reported CPMs and the collapse point (20.0 GPa) significantly exceeds ever reported CPMs. As smart materials, Cage‐πOF‐1 displays linear pressure‐dependent emission and achieves a high‐contrast emission difference up to 154 nm. Pressure‐responsive limit is up to 16 GPa, outperforming the CPMs reported so far. Dedicated experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations illustrate that π–π interactions‐dominated controllable structural shrinkage and porous‐spring‐structure‐mediated elasticity is responsible for the outstanding piezofluorochromism.

Palladium at high pressure and high temperature: A combined experimental and theoretical study

Palladium is one of the most important technological materials, yet its phase diagram remains poorly understood. At ambient conditions, its solid phase is face-centered cubic (fcc). However, another solid phase of Pd, body-centered cubic (bcc), was very recently predicted in two independent theoretical studies to occur at high pressures and temperatures. In this work, we report an experimental study on the room-temperature equation of state (EOS) of Pd to a pressure of 80 GPa, as well as a theoretical study on the phase diagram of Pd including both fcc-Pd and bcc-Pd. Our theoretical approach consists in ab initio quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) simulations based on the Z methodology which combines both direct Z method for the simulation of melting curves and inverse Z method for the calculation of solid–solid phase transition boundaries. We obtain the melting curves of both fcc-Pd and bcc-Pd and an equation for the fcc–bcc solid–solid phase transition boundary as well as the thermal EOS of Pd which is in agreement with experimental data and QMD simulations. We uncover the presence of another solid phase of Pd on its phase diagram, namely, random hexagonal close-packed (rhcp), and estimate the location of the rhcp-bcc solid–solid phase transition boundary and the rhcp–fcc–bcc triple point. We also discuss the topological similarity of the phase diagrams of palladium and silver, the neighbor of Pd in the periodic table. We argue that Pd is a reliable standard for shock-compression studies and present the analytic model of its principal Hugoniot in a wide pressure range.

Flexible electrospinning pressure sensing film with wide pressure detection range and high sensitivity

The preparation of flexible sensors with high sensitivity, wide detection range and good stability is a hot and difficult topic in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a pressure sensor with high sensitivity and wide pressure range. In this paper, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber (TPU) nanofiber conductive films with microporous structure are prepared by electrospinning using MWCNT as a conductive material. Then, a flexible pressure sensor with a sandwich structure is prepared while the film is used as the central layer. The pressure detection range can reach 364 kPa during testing. And when the pressure range is 201 ∼ 364 kPa, the sensitivity is still as high as 0.0658 kPa−1, with fast response time and recovery time. The sensor has good stability in cycle testing and still maintains high sensitivity after washing, proving that it has good washing resistance. The sensor has great potential for application in sports and health monitoring.

Small-Diameter Blood Vessel Substitutes: Biomimetic Approaches to Improve Patency.

Small-dimeter blood vessels (<6 mm) are required in coronary bypass and peripheral bypass surgery to circumvent blocked arteries. However, they have poor patency rates due to thrombus formation, intimal hyperplasia at the distal anastomosis, and compliance mismatch between the native artery and the graft. This review covers the state-of-the-art technologies for improving graft patency with a focus on reducing compliance mismatch between the prosthesis and the native artery. The focus of this article is on biomimetic design strategies to match the compliance over a wide pressure range.

Flexible Pressure Sensor Based on Carbon Black/PVDF Nanocomposite

A piezoresistive flexible pressure sensor was fabricated using carbon black and Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (CB/PVDF) composite. The conductive CB/PVDF composite was prepared by a wet-cast method and deposited onto a flexible polyethylene (PE) substrate. The surface morphology, crystal structure, and material properties were studied using SEM and X-ray diffraction methods. This flexible pressure sensor was tested in a wide pressure range of about 0 - 76 kPa, and its response time was less than 0.43 s. The sensitivity, response time, and recovery time were studied for different pressures and vibration modes. The repeatability and reproducibility characteristics of the sensors were studied, and it was found that the sensors exhibited excellent characteristics. The sensor was subjected to different loading and unloading pressures, and the resistance of the sensor remained stable, indicating that the sensor had a high degree of reproducibility. Owing to its flexible properties and the materials used, the proposed device can be applied in the next generation of smart sensors for biomedical, robotic, and automotive sensing applications.