Breadth Of Knowledge Research Articles

The complete annotated plastome sequences of six genera in the tropical woody Polygonaceae.

The Polygonaceae is a family well-known for its weeds, and edible plants, Fagopyrum (buckwheat) and Rheum (rhubarb), which are primarily herbaceous and temperate in distribution. Yet, the family also contains a number of lineages that are principally distributed in the tropics and subtropics. Notably, these lineages are woody, unlike their temperate relatives. To date, full-genome sequencing has focused on the temperate and herbaceous taxa. In an effort to increase breadth of genetic knowledge of the Polygonaceae, we here present six fully assembled and annotated chloroplast genomes from six of the tropical, woody genera: Coccoloba rugosa (a narrow and endangered Puerto Rican endemic), Gymnopodium floribundum, Neomillspaughia emarginata, Podopterus mexicanus, Ruprechtia coriacea, and Triplaris cumingiana. These assemblies represent the first publicly-available assembled and annotated plastomes for the genera Podopterus, Gymnopodium, and Neomillspaughia, and the first assembled and annotated plastomes for the species Coccoloba rugosa, Ruprechtia coriacea, and Triplaris cumingiana. We found the assembled chloroplast genomes to be above the median size of Polygonaceae plastomes, but otherwise exhibit features typical of the family. The features of greatest sequence variation are found among the ndh genes and in the small single copy (SSC) region of the plastome. The inverted repeats show high GC content and little sequence variation across genera. When placed in a phylogenetic context, our sequences were resolved within the Eriogonoideae. These six plastomes from among the tropical woody Polygonaceae appear typical within the family. The plastome assembly of Ruprechtia coriacea presented here calls into question the sequence identity of a previously published plastome assembly of R. albida.

Use of the International IFOMPT Cervical Framework to inform clinical reasoning in postgraduate level physiotherapy students: a qualitative study using think aloud methodology

BackgroundVascular pathologies of the head and neck are rare but can present as musculoskeletal problems. The International Federation of Orthopedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT) Cervical Framework (Framework) aims to assist evidence-based clinical reasoning for safe assessment and management of the cervical spine considering potential for vascular pathology. Clinical reasoning is critical to physiotherapy, and developing high-level clinical reasoning is a priority for postgraduate (post-licensure) educational programs.ObjectiveTo explore the influence of the Framework on clinical reasoning processes in postgraduate physiotherapy students.MethodsQualitative case study design using think aloud methodology and interpretive description, informed by COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research. Participants were postgraduate musculoskeletal physiotherapy students who learned about the Framework through standardized delivery. Two cervical spine cases explored clinical reasoning processes. Coding and analysis of transcripts were guided by Elstein’s diagnostic reasoning components and the Postgraduate Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Practice model. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis (inductive and deductive) for individuals and then across participants, enabling analysis of key steps in clinical reasoning processes and use of the Framework. Trustworthiness was enhanced with multiple strategies (e.g., second researcher challenged codes).ResultsFor all participants (n = 8), the Framework supported clinical reasoning using primarily hypothetico-deductive processes. It informed vascular hypothesis generation in the patient history and testing the vascular hypothesis through patient history questions and selection of physical examination tests, to inform clarity and support for diagnosis and management. Most participant’s clinical reasoning processes were characterized by high-level features (e.g., prioritization), however there was a continuum of proficiency. Clinical reasoning processes were informed by deep knowledge of the Framework integrated with a breadth of wider knowledge and supported by a range of personal characteristics (e.g., reflection).ConclusionsFindings support use of the Framework as an educational resource in postgraduate physiotherapy programs to inform clinical reasoning processes for safe and effective assessment and management of cervical spine presentations considering potential for vascular pathology. Individualized approaches may be required to support students, owing to a continuum of clinical reasoning proficiency. Future research is required to explore use of the Framework to inform clinical reasoning processes in learners at different levels.

A Comparative Study on General Education Courses for Physical Education Majors in Chinese Universities

In order to further promote the high-quality development of general education courses in physical education majors in Chinese universities, this article adopts methods such as questionnaire survey, literature review, and logical analysis to compare the current situation of general education courses in mainland and Hong Kong universities. The research results indicate that the goals and requirements of Hong Kong's general education curriculum emphasize the breadth and connection of knowledge, adopt diverse interdisciplinary approaches, and encourage students to explore and express themselves, while the mainland focuses more on the infiltration of cultural qualities in professional education and the supplementation and correction of knowledge. The general education curriculum for physical education majors in mainland universities tends to be more focused on the field of sports science, while Hong Kong universities focus on learning broad knowledge and offer more courses for non-physical education majors. Hong Kong universities have their own characteristics in the mode of general education curriculum.

Supporting Coaches to Learn Through and From Their Everyday Experiences: A 1:1 Coach Development Workflow for Performance Sport

This paper overviews an intensive 1:1 coach development workflow developed and used in U.K. performance and high-performance sport. The workflow has been field tested with over 60 coaches in mainly Olympic and Paralympic settings in a variety of sports. The workflow proposes six main stages: “beginning new relationships,” “seeking first to understand,” “preparing for reflective conversations,” “engaging in reflective conversations,” “working with difference,” and “supporting change.” The stages are tailored pragmatically to context, and the workflow does not suggest a fixed sequence. The application of the workflow requires adaptive expertise based on considerable coach development experience and a breadth and depth of coaching and coach development knowledge. The workflow suggests the need for coach developers to build and support trusting, collaborative, and supportive relationships with the coach, as a foundation for the coach development task. Coach development practices and the workflow are continually being developed and refined in a U.K. context, and future work will provide case studies, evidence of outcomes, and refinements to the work.

The Development and Implementation of a Competency-Focused Curriculum in Health and Exercise Sciences

Historically, undergraduate programs in Health and Exercise Sciences (i.e. Kinesiology) are rooted in common areas such as physiology, anatomy, biomechanics, motor control, psychology, nutrition, and rehabilitation. A typical four-year program offers a general education across these areas often delivering a breadth of knowledge in many areas, albeit often lacking in transferable technical skill that relates to industry. With many graduates now pursuing advanced training in professional programs there is a need to develop more competency-focused curricula to better prepare students for entry into professional fields. Further, overburdened healthcare systems worldwide combined with an ageing population find themselves with a gap in service delivery, given the growing body of evidence supporting the benefits of high-quality exercise training in the prevention, treatment and management of chronic conditions. In 2018, following feedback from provincial ministries, the University Senate, faculty, students, and community partners, the School of Health and Exercise Sciences at the University of British Columbia Okanagan underwent a strategic review. This review led to the development of a professionally focused, competency-based program, now known as the Bachelor of Health and Exercise Sciences. Within this program are three concentrations geared towards developing knowledge and skills in differing areas dependent on student interest and desired career path: Kinesiology and Allied Health, Health Behaviour Change, and Clinical Exercise Physiology. The development of the revised curriculum involved crucial components such as defining new program and concentration level learning outcomes, competency profiles, definitions, progressions, and practical assessment strategies. Additionally, each concentration integrates a community practicum designed to enhance mastery of competencies within a professional setting. Establishing these practicums necessitates ongoing collaborative efforts with both existing and new community partners, the formulation of standards, and the implementation of a process to ensure students possess a baseline skill level before engaging with the community. A substantial challenge in the revised curriculum is the instruction of technical skills in a lab environment, as well as effective practical skill assessment that meets industry standards, for upwards of 200 students. To this end a great deal of planning was required from a resources standpoint, onboarding of new faculty with industry experience, as well as alignment with pre-existing certifying bodies including the American College of Sports Medicine, Exercise & Sport Science Australia, and the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. Looking to the future we anticipate both challenges and opportunities as we continue to redefine professional competencies and remap them throughout the curriculum to enhance skill progression and ensure our graduates are fit for purpose. Further, we are excited to continue to work alongside provincial entities and existing certifying bodies as we look toward the professionalization of the field. Lastly, but up utmost importance, is the dissemination of our process to other organizations and institutions in hopes to build momentum in the quickly evolving academic and professional landscape of Health and Exercise Sciences. None. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Anisotropic fracture behavior of the 3rd generation advanced high-strength – Quenching and Partitioning steels: Experiments and simulation

Advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) have revolutionized the automotive industry by reducing weight without compromising crashworthiness. The new third-generation steels, such as quenching and partitioning (QP) steels, offer exceptional strength and ductility. However, despite the extensive strength-ductility studies, there is a wide knowledge gap in the literature on the fracture behavior of QP steels under a large range of stress states and loading conditions for material forming operations. This study aims to systematically investigate the fracture behavior of QP1000 sheet metal through a combination of experimental and numerical approaches. In addition to the classic fracture dependency on stress states, we particularly focus on the anisotropic behavior in terms of both plasticity and fracture. Mechanical tests with digital image correlation are performed along three loading directions covering stress states from simple shear to plane-strain tension. The evolving non-associated Hill48 (enHill48) model is employed to describe anisotropic plasticity, while the fracture behavior is represented by a partially coupled anisotropic fracture model and a fully anisotropic fracture model. It is concluded that the investigated QP steel shows moderate anisotropic plasticity behavior yet strong fracture anisotropy, which intensifies with the increase of stress triaxiality. The partially coupled anisotropic fracture model, which has shown success for materials with minor anisotropic plasticity, fails to describe the anisotropic fracture and a fully anisotropic model provides significantly improved predictive capability.

Impact of the Use of Emerging Technologies on Organisational Knowledge-creation Capability by Task Complexity

In the context of knowledge-based economy, an organisation’s ability to create knowledge is the most important factor in maintaining its competitiveness. Collective intelligence is posited as a paramount methodology not only for the generation of knowledge pertaining to multifaceted issues but also as a fundamental pillar within the framework of organizational knowledge management. The use of emerging technologies is an important strategy for improving the organisation’s ability to create knowledge through collective intelligence by adding depth and breadth of knowledge. However, excessive use of technology often has a negative impact on organisational knowledge management. Therefore, this study aims to identify the two-sided effect of using emerging technologies (big data analytics (BDA) and online platforms) on organisational knowledge creation according to the complexity of the task. The results of our study suggest that the use of BDA technology for organisational knowledge creation should be maintained at an appropriate level in general, but it is recommended to increase the use of BDA technology for low-complexity tasks. In addition, using online platform technology is difficult to consider as a strategic way to solve high-complexity tasks, but increasing the use of BDA technology can contribute to improving the organisation’s ability to create knowledge.

Factors that Contributed to the Good Condition of Nicolaus Copernicus’s Teeth

Nicolaus Copernicus was not only a world-famous astronomer but a physician as well. He was born on 19th February 1473 in Toruń and died on 24th May 1543 in Frombork. His remains were found in 2005 in Frombork Cathedral. The aim of this work is to identify the reasons for mild tooth loss in the maxilla of 70-year-old Nicolaus Copernicus. This study analyzed the photos of the maxilla with the following teeth (according to the FDI notation): 22, 13, 23, 14, 24, 15, 25, and 26 from Copernicus’s second funeral in 2010. After analysis of the historical texts, it was confirmed that Copernicus had broad knowledge of various subjects, including medicine, which may have influenced his awareness of dental hygiene and healthy lifestyle. His diet and general health condition were also scrutinized. The very good state of the teeth of 70-year-old Nicolaus Copernicus may be connected to his high education and social background, wide knowledge of medicine and oral hygiene, proper dietary and lifestyle habits, and good general health. It is probable that the above-mentioned factors had a major impact on Copernicus’s longevity. This study is the first to find reasons for the good condition of Nicolaus Copernicus’s teeth on the day of his death. The improvement of knowledge about Nicolaus Copernicus’s prevention of dental disease may be important for the good condition and longevity of the current human population.

Translation Algorithm of Proper Nouns in English-Chinese Translation Based on Lexical Knowledge Spectrum Map

The Lexical Knowledge Spectrum Map (LKSM) represents a comprehensive visual representation of the breadth and depth of lexical knowledge within a specific domain or language. By categorizing words and phrases along a spectrum ranging from basic to advanced levels of complexity, the LKSM provides learners and educators with a clear overview of vocabulary proficiency and progression. This dynamic tool not only helps individuals track their language learning journey but also guides instructional planning by identifying areas of focus and potential gaps in lexical understanding. With its intuitive interface and adaptable framework, the LKSM serves as a valuable resource for promoting effective vocabulary acquisition and mastery across diverse linguistic contexts and educational settings. This paper introduces a novel translation algorithm designed specifically for handling proper nouns in English-Chinese translation, leveraging the Lexical Knowledge Spectrum Map (LKSM) and Feature Vector Optimization with Statistical (FVOS) techniques. Proper nouns pose a unique challenge in translation due to their cultural and contextual significance, often requiring specialized handling to ensure accuracy and coherence in the target language. The proposed algorithm utilizes the LKSM to categorize proper nouns along a spectrum of lexical complexity, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding and translating these entities effectively. Additionally, FVOS techniques are employed to optimize feature vectors for proper noun translation, enhancing the algorithm's ability to capture and preserve semantic nuances across languages. With FVOS model English proper nouns translated into Chinese, the proposed algorithm achieves an average accuracy of 85%, outperforming baseline translation methods by 15%. Moreover, specific proper noun categories exhibit notable improvements, with names of people achieving an accuracy of 90%, followed by locations at 85%, and organizations at 80%.

The Role of Vocabulary Knowledge in Advanced Listening Comprehension in English as a Foreign Language and Some Suggested Strategies for HUIT Students to Improve Their Vocabulary

This article aims at examining the impact of vocabulary knowledge on listening comprehension. The study revealed a substantial correlation between listening comprehension and the depth and breadth of vocabulary knowledge. The study used a quantitative method to collect data from 103 English-majored students at HUIT. The paper highlighted the particular methods for learning vocabulary which can assist students to learn more vocabulary in English and broaden their vocabulary at the same time. Additionally, it might increase students' motivation to learn the language and make the process simpler.

Combination of narrow and wide bandwidth knowledge of performance in the acquisition of a complex sports motor skill

ObjectivesThis study tested the effects of combining two bandwidth knowledge of performance (KP) on a complex sports motor skill. MethodTwenty-two elementary students were divided into combined wide and narrow bandwidth KP (WNG) and control group (CG). The task was the volleyball serve, whose goal was to hit the bull's eye center of a target lying on the floor on the opposite side of the court. The study was composed of a pre-test, acquisition phase and retention test, and had three measures (pre-test, intermediate test, and retention test) with 15 serves recorded each. The acquisition phase consisted of 252 trials. The WNG had a wide bandwidth KP in the first half of the acquisition phase and a narrow one in the second. The CG received KP in all trials. The effects of bandwidth KP were analyzed separately to infer parameters and skill structure learning. ResultsBoth groups improved the skill structure from the first to the intermediate test, but only WNG also improved on the retention test. The parameters accuracy improved only on retention compared to the pre-test and intermediate test but had no difference between groups. ConclusionProviding information using the bandwidth KP led to an initial engagement and prioritization of skill structure learning.

THE DOMINANT FACTOR OF THE GENDER MANAGEMENT IN THE QUR'AN PERSPECTIVE AT THE INTELLECTUAL AND PROFESSIONALISM MATURITY CAMPUS

Purpose: Many people are confused and do not know about setting human roles, especially: what about gender status? Exploring Gender Leadership from a Quranic Perspective on Intellectual and Professional Maturity / Ulu Al-Albab University Campus. The purpose of this article is to describe gender terms and the management of equality in the Qur'an. Theoretical Framework: The management of gender equality in the Qur'an or the perspective of efforts in the Ulu Al-Albab campus is interpreted and applied and implemented in all forms of that professionalism, which is reflected in the creation of intellectual professional and intellectual scholars as professional scholars. boys and girls alike. In all matters and fields, a life of depth of spirituality, breadth of knowledge, magnanimity, morality and maturity is presented with professionalism and coherence, enthusiastically enjoying and implementing the development of results. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research method used a quantitative approachor naturalist in field education, and bibliography study type. Findings: Research results indicate that the Qur'an signals with the terms "men" and "women", which are properly masculine and feminine, with additional knowledge not based on gender, with the terms "oldest" and "newest" when necessary, which is closely related to the type of gender or not (role), which prioritizes professionalism. Research, Practical & Social Implications: Gender management from the perspective of the Qur'an, interpreted and implemented in the Ulu Al-Albab campus and applied in all forms of professionalism reflected in the creation of intellectual professional and intellectual scholars as professional scholars equally among boys and girls. All things and aspects of life bring deeper spirituality, broad knowledge, high morals and maturity, professionalism and enthusiastic togetherness to develop and make results. Originality/Value: This study is unique because it focuses on UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, the only Islamic university in Indonesia based on the general concept of Ulu al-Albab (intellectual and professional maturity).

Jesus, the Crowds, and Historical Agency

Abstract Crossley and Myles’s Jesus: A Life in Class Struggle offers an innovative and accessible reading of the movement around Jesus in terms of class struggle. The authors combine a breadth of knowledge about first-century realities, acumen in exegesis of the Gospel texts, and contemporary crowd theory to reach new conclusions regarding Jesus and his disciples, especially in his last days, and regarding the ‘failure’ of their movement. This review examines their understanding of the ‘Jesus movement’ and its relationship to the Galilean peasantry and their methodology in extrapolating from the Gospels; and proposes a more thorough Marxist theorization of the Gospels’ role in producing the ‘failure’ they describe.

The role of viruses in oral mucosal lesions.

The mucosa of the oral cavity is exposed to a large number of different microorganisms such as archaea, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Among those, viruses cause specific infections, which can easily be transmitted from one person to another. The infectious route may not only include patients and their relatives but also the dental professional team. Thus, a wide knowledge regarding specific viral infections is crucial for the daily routine. Signs and symptoms of oral viral infections can be completely absent or develop into a pronounced clinical picture, so that early detection and information determine the further course of the infection and its influence on other inflammatory diseases, such as periodontitis, as well as the safety of family members and the social environment. As the clinical manifestation of viral infections may be highly variable leading to heterogenous mucosal lesions it is, in most cases, mandatory to differentiate them by specific microbiological tests in addition to clinical examination procedures. This article will give an overview of the role of viruses infecting the oral mucosa, and in addition, describe their clinical manifestation and management.

Contractors’ carbon reduction behaviour: UK construction professionals’ perspective

Purpose The decisions of contractors could impact the reduction of construction carbon footprint. These decisions are linked to the belief of contractors which equally affects how they behave while delivering projects. This study aims to investigate the behavioural tendencies of contractors that could lead to carbon minimisation during the execution of construction projects. Design/methodology/approach An industry survey was performed amongst 41 UK construction professionals. Spearman’s correlation and factor analysis were used to analyse the data. Findings The result of the Spearman’s correlation gave rise to 14 contractors’ carbon reduction behaviour (CCRB) variables and their factor analysis yielded two distinct factors, namely, contractors’ consummate carbon reduction behaviour and contractors’ pragmatic carbon reduction behaviour. The findings suggest that in the UK, contractors are willing to take voluntary practical steps to decrease the carbon footprint of construction projects. Practical implications This finding might be unexpected to construction stakeholders, especially construction clients who may believe that infusing strict carbon reduction obligations in contracts is sufficient in nudging contractors to lessen the carbon impact of projects. Originality/value The study attempted to quantitatively derive CCRB, thereby extending the breadth of knowledge in the construction carbon reduction domain.

The spirit of freedom in the works of Mashkhur-Jusip Kopeyuly

Relevance. The works of Mashkhur-Zhusip Kopeyuly always differ in science in terms of their national content, style, and breadth of knowledge. Over time, the poet's legacy is being studied in detail, and its significance and relevance is growing. Purpose. The purpose of the study was to analyze the patriotic poems of Mashhur-Zhusip Kopeyuly and their impact on the modern youth of the sovereign country of Kazakhstan. In addition, to analyze the poet's personal statements, his poetic thoughts and philosophical views. Methodology. The research employs a qualitative approach, involving a comprehensive analysis of Mashkhur-Zhusip Kopeyuly's literary works. The study delves into the historical context, thematic elements, and symbolic representations within the poet's writings, drawing insights from literary criticism and historical accounts. Results. The article covers topical issues such as the national spirit, heroism and identity of the country, freedom and liberty, and their impact on the Kazakh spirituality, which are the basis of the poet's works. The historical events of the early 20th century, the violence of colonial policy and their consequences were widely reflected in the poet's legacy. In addition, the poet's own personal expressions, poetic thoughts and philosophical views were scientifically described and analyzed in detail. The poet's basic humanistic views on education and science, tradition and culture are depicted in the research. Conclusions. The study concludes that Mashkhur-Zhusip Kopeyuly's literary legacy holds enduring relevance in fostering a sense of patriotism and national pride among the youth of modern Kazakhstan. His works remain a testament to the indomitable spirit of the Kazakh people and their unwavering pursuit of independence and self-determination. The research underscores the need for further in-depth analysis and broader dissemination of the poet's works to inspire future generations and promote a deeper understanding of Kazakhstan's rich cultural heritage.

Investigating the Impacts of Compulsive Sexual Behaviours on Women Using Descriptive Phenomenology: A Research Agenda

Abstract Introduction Sexual addiction (SA) and compulsive sexual behaviour (CSB) are concepts used to characterise a nascent field of research and phenomena that can have major personal, relational, and psychological effects on individuals, their intimate relationships, and society. Impacts are manifold and may include emotional, relational, physical, sexual, and/or spiritual consequences. Literary analysis suggests that there is a wide knowledge gap in systematic in-depth qualitative studies that examine the lived experiences of impacted women. Methods This conceptual paper presents a blueprint for qualitative research into female partner well-being following the discovery or disclosure of SA/CSBs by their male partners. After three years of collecting data (2021–2023), the prototype has been refined to the point where the descriptive phenomenology research design merits in-depth coverage of its constituent elements. Results and Contribution The qualitative methodologies of this paper were developed to give voice to and better comprehend this understudied demographic. This methodological article advances qualitative knowledge creation in an emergent field of investigation, offering prospects for healing and recovery for individuals and relationships. Conclusions This paper presents a comprehensive research design rather than any data or findings. This focus is intended and offers new prospects to build a nascent field of investigation. More specifically, other research may benefit from either adopting and/or adapting similar methodological approaches that examine the essences of human lived experiences. This paper lays the foundation for an important future research agenda. Policy Implications The research methodological design presented in this paper is suited to facilitate social policy development through targeted strategies that may better validate and deliver more appropriate care to women in need. More specifically, by applying the approaches presented in this paper to the in-depth study of SA/CSB-impacted intimate partners, there is an opportunity to promote social consciousness, enhance empathy, and advance this field of investigation.

Evaluation of ChatGPT's Real-Life Implementation in Undergraduate Dental Education: Mixed Methods Study.

The recent artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT seems to offer a range of benefits in academic education while also raising concerns. Relevant literature encompasses issues of plagiarism and academic dishonesty, as well as pedagogy and educational affordances; yet, no real-life implementation of ChatGPT in the educational process has been reported to our knowledge so far. This mixed methods study aimed to evaluate the implementation of ChatGPT in the educational process, both quantitatively and qualitatively. In March 2023, a total of 77 second-year dental students of the European University Cyprus were divided into 2 groups and asked to compose a learning assignment on "Radiation Biology and Radiation Protection in the Dental Office," working collaboratively in small subgroups, as part of the educational semester program of the Dentomaxillofacial Radiology module. Careful planning ensured a seamless integration of ChatGPT, addressing potential challenges. One group searched the internet for scientific resources to perform the task and the other group used ChatGPT for this purpose. Both groups developed a PowerPoint (Microsoft Corp) presentation based on their research and presented it in class. The ChatGPT group students additionally registered all interactions with the language model during the prompting process and evaluated the final outcome; they also answered an open-ended evaluation questionnaire, including questions on their learning experience. Finally, all students undertook a knowledge examination on the topic, and the grades between the 2 groups were compared statistically, whereas the free-text comments of the questionnaires were thematically analyzed. Out of the 77 students, 39 were assigned to the ChatGPT group and 38 to the literature research group. Seventy students undertook the multiple choice question knowledge examination, and examination grades ranged from 5 to 10 on the 0-10 grading scale. The Mann-Whitney U test showed that students of the ChatGPT group performed significantly better (P=.045) than students of the literature research group. The evaluation questionnaires revealed the benefits (human-like interface, immediate response, and wide knowledge base), the limitations (need for rephrasing the prompts to get a relevant answer, general content, false citations, and incapability to provide images or videos), and the prospects (in education, clinical practice, continuing education, and research) of ChatGPT. Students using ChatGPT for their learning assignments performed significantly better in the knowledge examination than their fellow students who used the literature research methodology. Students adapted quickly to the technological environment of the language model, recognized its opportunities and limitations, and used it creatively and efficiently. Implications for practice: the study underscores the adaptability of students to technological innovations including ChatGPT and its potential to enhance educational outcomes. Educators should consider integrating ChatGPT into curriculum design; awareness programs are warranted to educate both students and educators about the limitations of ChatGPT, encouraging critical engagement and responsible use.

Funding art in post-conflict society: a ‘peace dividend’?

ABSTRACT In recent years, a range of research and scholarship has suggested a role for art in building peace and achieving reconciliation in societies emerging from violent conflict. As a great deal of funding is available to facilitate reconciliation and peacebuilding from a range of organisations, this paper considers what is, and what can be, known about the level to which such funds are actually apportioned to arts practice – here termed ‘Art for Reconciliation’ (AfR). It considers attempts to locate available data relating to the case of Northern Ireland, and presents indicative findings which suggest that, to the extent that information can be located, the recognition of artistic interventions by funders in this field remains limited, as does our wider knowledge about such interventions and their potential impact. It ends by considering the wider contextual factors that may serve to explain these patterns, and to limit progress in this area.

أسلوب الإمام الدارقطني في ذكر الاختلاف في الحديث في كتابه الأفراد والغرائب: دراسة نقدية

Imam Al-Daraqutni was among the great imams in the science of “ilm al ilal”[i] and he had a wide knowledge of hadith and their narrators, and the difference in hadith and their reason. The difference (Ikhtilaf) may occur in the chain (Sanad) of narrators as it occurs in the text (Matan) and the difference (Ikhtilaf) may be influential (Muassar) or may not be influential, and if a disagreement occurs between the hadith, then we go first to combine them, and if it is not possible to combine them, then we go to the weighting of one of them, and if it is not possible to combine or weighting, then we stop until we look at Weighting clues.