Wide Area Network Operation Research Articles

COMPACT, PRINTED, STANDALONE PENTA-BAND ANTENNA FOR WWAN OPERATION

A standalone, printed monopole antenna with a two- branch shorting strip and a grounding wire to achieve a small size and yet multi-band operation for penta-band wireless wide area network (WWAN) operation (824{960/1710{2170MHz) is presented. The antenna was formed on a low-cost, single-layered dielectric substrate with the dimensions 10mm £ 50mm. By applying the proposed grounding wire and the dual-shorting strip, two resonant modes in close proximity in the antenna's lower band were obtained to cover the GSM850/900 operation. Further, the proposed shorting strip led to two additional, higher-order resonance excitation at about 1700 and 1800MHz to assist in the formation of a wide upper band to cover the GSM1800/1900/UMTS operation. The proposed antenna also showed good radiation properties. Details of the design are described and discussed in the article.

Compact and printed, standalone wireless wide area network antenna incorporating a conductive wire at low cost

AbstractA compact and printed multiband antenna incorporating a conductive wire for wireless wide area network (WWAN) operation is presented. The antenna was formed on a low‐cost, single‐layered dielectric substrate of thickness 1 mm with the dimensions 10 × 55 mm2. The antenna is a couple‐fed short‐circuited monopole in the shape of T, which consists of two resonant paths for two wide operating bands. Unlike the conventional WWAN antennas utilizing a large system ground plane as the antenna ground to excite the antenna, the proposed antenna has a very small ground portion with comparable size to the radiating monopole and yet can also cover the GSM850/900 and GSM1800/1900/UMTS bands by incorporating a simply wire. The design is especially suited to some e‐book reader applications, in which the supporting metal frame for the E‐ink display is not required. In this case, the proposed antenna with long, narrow structure can be placed in the space between the casing and the display with the wire routed within the device. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:109–113, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26452

Surface‐mount WWAN monopole slot antenna for mobile handset

AbstractA surface‐mount monopole slot antenna with a small volume of 13 × 28.5 × 2.2 mm3 for penta‐band wireless wide area network operation in the mobile handset is presented.The antenna is to be surface‐mounted at a rectangular notch of size 13 × 28.5 mm2 near the bottom edge of the system ground plane. When surface‐mounted, the antenna is closely integrated with surrounding system ground plane on the main circuit board of the handset. The antenna can provide two wide operating bands of 824–960 and 1710–2170 MHz to respectively cover the GSM850/900 and GSM1800/1900/UMTS operations. The surface‐mount antenna mainly comprises a monopole slot of width 4 mm and length 50 mm, which is bent to have a compact size and is fed by a microstrip feedline. Both the monopole slot and microstrip feedline are printed on two opposite surfaces of a dielectric substrate, which is bent into an inverted‐U shape for surface‐mounting on the circuit board of the handset. Details of the proposed antenna are described, and results of the antenna including its specific absorption rate values are presented and discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26096

Simple printed monopole slot antenna for penta-band wireless wide area network operation in the mobile handset

A simple printed monopole slot antenna for penta-band wireless wide area network operation (824–960/1710–2170 MHz) in the mobile handset is presented.The monopole slot has a length of 50 mm only and is embedded close to the bottom edge of the system ground plane of the handset with a small distance of 11 mm. By adding a small-size C-shaped strip connected orthogonal to the bottom edge of the system ground plane, good excitation of the monopole slot antenna at its fundamental (0.25 wavelength) and higher-order resonant modes can be obtained. The excited resonant modes form two wide operating bands to cover the GSM850/900 operation (824–960 MHz) and GSM1800/1900/UMTS operation (1710–2170 MHz). Detailed operating principle and radiation characteristics including the specific absorption rate results of the proposed monopole slot antenna are described. Measured results of the fabricated antenna are also presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:1399–1404, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26017

Simple two‐strip monopole with a parasitic shorted strip for internal eight‐band LTE/WWAN laptop computer antenna

AbstractA dual‐wideband internal antenna formed by a simple two‐strip monopole (a longer strip and a shorter strip) and a parasitic shorted strip for eight‐band long tern evolution/wireless wide area network operation (698–960/1710–2690 MHz) in the laptop computer is presented.The parasitic shorted strip is excited capacitively by the shorter strip of the two‐strip monopole and contributes two resonant modes to the antenna, with one in the lower band and one in the upper band, thereby effectively widening the bandwidths of the antenna's two operating bands. Further, the parasitic strip short‐circuited to the top shielding metal wall of the display ground in the laptop computer is configured such that its end section with the shorting point is positioned at the side edge of the antenna. This configuration allows the antenna to be placed closely to a nearby grounded plate, with very small effects on the performances of the antenna. This is an advantage for the proposed antenna in practical applications since the antenna requires a very small isolation distance at its side edge to nearby metal objects (such as a metal screw at the top shielding metal wall to fix the display ground to the casing of the laptop computer). Hence, in addition to the small antenna volume of 4 × 12 × 70 mm3 at the top shielding metal wall, compact integration of the proposed antenna along the shielding metal wall of the display ground can also be obtained. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:706–712, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25836

Planar strip monopole with a chip‐capacitor‐loaded loop radiating feed for LTE/WWAN slim mobile phone application

AbstractA small‐size wideband internal mobile phone antenna formed by a planar strip monopole with a chip‐capacitor‐loaded loop radiating feed for achieving eight‐band long term evolution/wireless wide area network operation in the 698–960 and 1710–2690 MHz bands is presented. The antenna is suitable to be disposed on a small no‐ground board space (15 × 45 mm2) of the system circuit board and enclosed by an L‐shaped system ground plane of the mobile phone. On the protruded ground of the L‐shaped system ground plane, a universal series bus connector for the data port of the mobile phone can be accommodated without affecting the antenna performances. The antenna also shows a low profile of 3 mm above the circuit board, which makes it very promising for slim mobile phone applications. The proposed antenna was fabricated and tested. Measured and simulated results are presented. The specific absorption rate results of the antenna are also analyzed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:952–958, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25845

Planar Compact Inverted-F Antenna for Wireless Wide Area Network Operation in the Laptop Computer

A compact antenna capable of generating two wide operating bands to cover the GSM850/900 (824-960MHz) and GSM1800/1900/UMTS (1710-2170MHz) systems is presented. The antenna occupies just 81.5(L)×7(W)×0.5(H)mm3 on the top edge of the supporting metal frame of the display panel, and is therefore easily embedded in the ultra-thin laptop computers as an internal antenna. The antenna is implemented using a ceramic substrate and consists of multi-branch strips. Based on the principle of the inverted-F antenna, our design yields two operating bands covering 816-983MHz and 1703-2196MHz can be achieved with good radiation performance for our design. The proposed antenna is thus suitable to be installed in the ultra-thin laptop computers for Wireless Wide Area Network applications.

Wideband surface-mount chip antenna for eight-band LTE/WWAN slim mobile phone application

Surface-mount chip antenna with a thin thickness of 3 mm and a small volume of 3 × 4 × 50 mm3 (0.6 cm3) for eight-band long term evolution/wireless wide area network (LTE/WWAN) operation in the slim mobile phone is presented.The antenna is a simple two-strip shorted monopole, yet it can provide two wide operating bands of at least 698–960/1710–2690 MHz to cover the three LTE bands (LTE700/2300/2500) and five WWAN bands (GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS). The antenna is suitable to be mounted on the no-ground board space of the system circuit board of the mobile phone. Wideband operation is achieved by incorporating an on-board feeding structure formed by a short shorting strip and a chip capacitor–loaded feeding strip, both are of 8 mm in length and disposed on the no-ground board space, to the proposed chip antenna. Details of the antenna including the on-board feeding structure are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2554–2560, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25543

On-board small-size printed monopole antenna integrated with USB connector for penta-band WWAN mobile phone

An on-board small-size printed two-strip monopole antenna integrated with a universal series bus (USB) connector and generating two wide operating bands to cover penta-band wireless wide area network operation in the 824–960/1710–2170 MHz bands is presented.The two strips of the antenna are respectively printed on two small no-ground portions of 15 × 25 and 15 × 15 mm2 (total size 600 mm2). In-between the two printed strips, there is a protruded ground of 15 × 10 mm2 to accommodate a USB connector, which serves as the data port of the mobile phone. Also, easy control of the antenna's two wide lower and upper bands can be achieved by respectively adjusting the longer and shorter strips of the printed monopole antenna. That is, the antenna is easy to fabricate and also easy to fine-tune in practical applications. Details of the proposed antenna are presented and discussed. The radiation characteristics of the antenna, including the specific absorption rate results with the presence of the user's head and hand, are also studied. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2523–2527, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25537

Compact coaxial‐line‐fed printed mobile‐unit antenna for GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS WWAN operation

AbstractA novel, compact, coaxial‐line‐fed mobile‐unit antenna for wireless wide area network operation in the GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS bands is presented.The antenna consists mainly of one slit‐embedded ground plane and two radiating strips, all printed in a coplanar configuration on a small FR4 substrate with the overall dimensions 35 mm × 45 mm, which corresponds to 0.10λ × 0.13λ with respect to free‐space wavelength λ at the central frequency, 859 MHz, of the GSM850 band. In addition to compactness, the antenna is easily fed by minicoaxial cable, which allows it to be flexibly deployed inside wireless communications devices as an internal antenna. Experimental prototypes of the design are constructed, tested, and studied in detail in this article. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:961–966, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25053

Small‐size printed monopole with a printed distributed inductor for pentaband WWAN mobile phone application

AbstractIn this article, a small‐size printed monopole embedded with a printed narrow strip as a distributed inductor for application in the mobile phone to achieve GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS pentaband wireless wide area network operation is presented. With the printed distributed inductor, the fundamental (lowest) resonant mode of the proposed antenna can be effectively shifted to lower frequencies with a wide operating bandwidth, owing to the contributed inductance of the printed distributed inductor compensating for the increased capacitance resulting from the decreased resonant length of the monopole. In this study, the proposed antenna can be printed on the small no‐ground portion of size 14 × 40 mm2 on the main circuit board of the mobile phone, making it easy to fabricate at low cost and generally showing no thickness above the circuit board; the latter is very attractive for thin‐profile mobile phone applications. The proposed monopole antenna is studied in detail in this article. The results also show that the antenna is very suitable to be placed at the bottom of the mobile phone; in this case, the antenna meets the specific absorption rate limit for practical applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2903–2908, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24775

Small‐size wireless wide area network loop chip antenna for clamshell mobile phone with hearing‐aid compatibility

AbstractA loop chip antenna with an FR4 chip base suitable for clamshell mobile phone application to achieve wireless wide area network operation and hearing‐aid compatibility (HAC) is presented. The loop chip antenna is formed by a loop strip excited by a capacitively coupled feed, all printed on the surfaces of the FR4 chip base to achieve a small size of 1.35 cm3 only. Two resonant loop paths are provided by the antenna and each loop path can generate its 0.5λ and 1.0λ resonant modes with good impedance matching. The excited loop resonant modes are formed into two wide operating bands for the antenna to cover GSM850/900 and GSM1800/1900/UMTS operations for both the open (talk) and closed (idle) states of the clamshell mobile phone. Furthermore, the loop antenna also excites small surface currents on the two ground planes of the clamshell mobile phone. In this case, weak near‐field EM fields in the vicinity of the mobile phone can be generated. Results show that the strengths of the near‐field E‐field and H‐field fall in the M3 or M4 Category, making the clamshell mobile phone with the proposed antenna to be an HAC communication device. The obtained specific absorption rate values in 1‐g and 10‐g head tissues also meet the limit of 1.6 and 2.0 W/kg, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2327–2335, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24665

Chip‐inductor‐embedded small‐size printed strip monopole for WWAN operation in the mobile phone

AbstractA simple small‐size printed strip monopole embedded with a chip inductor for covering all the five operating bands of GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS for wireless wide area network (WWAN) operation in the mobile phone is presented. The antenna consists of a chip‐inductor‐embedded longer radiating strip and a shorter radiating strip. With a 10‐nH chip inductor embedded, the longer radiating strip has a length of about 46 mm only (about 0.14 wavelength at 900 MHz), yet supports a wide resonant mode at about 900 MHz for the antenna's lower band to cover GSM850/900 operation. The shorter radiating strip has a length of about 30 mm (about 0.2 wavelength at 2000 MHz) and provides a wide resonant mode at about 2000 MHz for the antenna's upper band to cover GSM1800/1900/UMTS operation. With the five operating bands covered, the two radiating strips occupy a small printed area of about 350 mm2 on the system circuit board of the mobile phone. Details of the proposed antenna are described, and the specific absorption rate results of the antenna are also analyzed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 966–971, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24225

Multiband Printed Monopole Slot Antenna for WWAN Operation in the Laptop Computer

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A multiband printed monopole slot antenna promising for operating as an internal antenna in the thin-profile laptop computer for wireless wide area network (WWAN) operation is presented. The proposed antenna is formed by three monopole slots operated at their quarter-wavelength modes and arranged in a compact planar configuration. A step-shaped microstrip feedline is applied to excite the three monopole slots at their respective optimal feeding position, and two wide operating bands at about 900 and 1900 MHz are obtained for the antenna to cover all the five operating bands of GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS for WWAN operation. The antenna is easily printed on a small-size FR4 substrate and shows a length of 60 mm only and a height of 12 mm when mounted at the top edge of the system ground plane or supporting metal frame of the laptop display. Details of the proposed antenna are presented and studied. </para>

Very‐small‐size folded loop antenna with a band‐stop matching circuit for WWAN operation in the mobile phone

AbstractA folded loop antenna with a band‐stop matching circuit for wireless wide area network (WWAN) operation in the mobile phone is presented. The folded loop antenna alone occupies a very small volume of 0.6 cm3 only, yet it can generate a lower band covering GSM850 operation and an upper band covering GSM1800/1900/UMTS operation. By incorporating a band‐stop matching circuit with a central frequency at about 1.05 GHz and a 3‐dB band‐stop bandwidth of less than 200 MHz, the antenna's lower band can have a dual‐resonance behavior, hence resulting in a much widened operating band capable of covering GSM850/900 operation. In addition, such a band‐stop matching circuit shows very small effects on the antenna's upper band. This property makes it easy for the antenna to cover GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS penta‐band operation. Design considerations and experimental results of the very‐small‐size folded loop antenna with the band‐stop matching circuit are presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 808–814, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24147

Fuzzy Control System for a Meat Drying Process

To obtain a high quality dried product, a precise control of many process parameters is required. In most drying installations it is necessary to control inlet and outlet parameters of a drying agent and material being dried. A control system based on Fuzzy Logic is convenient in controlling drying processes having adequate working regimes. The main objective of this project is to study a control system (fuzzy logic) of drying process of dry cured meat products. In the article the problems appearing during designing and remote (over Wide Area Network) operation of Fuzzy Logic Control System used for meat drying processes are presented. The experimental rig is located at IRTA Monells, Spain, and controlled from Technical University of Lodz, Poland.