Whole Range Of Measures Research Articles

A measurement method based on time-frequency representations for testing GSM equipment

A digital method for the measurement and characterization of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) equipment is presented here. The method, based on the use of time-frequency representations, shows itself suitable to carry out a whole range of measurements needed for compliance tests both for base stations and mobiles. It is so possible to avoid the employment of different instruments, complex procedures, and qualified users. Some aspects regarding GSM measurements are first presented to clearly describe the operative stages of the method. Then, its performance is assessed by analyzing reference signals. Experimental results obtained from the application of the method to actual GSM signals are finally given.

Phase autocorrelation of random wave fields

The autocorrelation function of the phase of a random gaussian wave field has been measured by computer experiment and found to be in both quantitative and qualitative disagreement with previous calculation of this quantity. A new topological theory for the limiting form of the autocorrelation function for small displacements is developed and shown to be in substantial agreement with the measurements. This topological theory predicts that for extended random wave fields the widths of the phase and field autocorrelation functions both collapse to zero when the net vorticity per unit area differs from zero. Gaussian statistics are used to calculate the full phase autocorrelation function of random wave fields that have zero net vorticity. This new calculation is found to be in good agreement with the data over the whole range of measurement.

Privatisation and deregulation

Recent years have witnessed a whole range of measures aimed at reducing government intervention in transport markets. A major element of this international movement have been significant shifts of responsibility for provision from the public to the private sector. While many aspects of deregulation of transport have been examined, and matters of equity and traditional economic efficiency have been explored, rather less attention has been paid to ownership matters. Further, the analysis which has been conducted has focused almost exclusively on matters relating to the internal market changes which are brought about. Equally, with respect to deregulation there have been studies of internal economic efficiency and distribution impacts but wider safety and environmental matters have received less attention. This paper looks at the impacts that privatisation and deregulation of transport may both directly and indirectly (in terms of influencing industrial production) have on the environment.

Improving the linearity of the Michelson interferometric angular measurement by a parameter compensation method

A parameter compensation method is developed to improve the linearity of the Michelson interferometric angular measurement. The formulas for the exact calculation of the parameters are presented; different cases are discussed. By introducing a weight function in the calculation, we can change the distribution of the linearity over the whole range of measurement. The theoretical analysis and the experimental results show that this method greatly improves the linearity of the measurement even for a large range of measurement.

Oral and Gastrointestinal Candidosis: Prophylaxis During Immunosuppressive Therapy.

Patients with acute leukaemia and malignant lymphomas often are severely affected by fungal infections. There is in particular growing concern about disseminated candidosis. Oral, gastrointestinal and systemic candidosis seem to be closely linked. Predisposing factors are damaged mucosal barriers due to chemotherapy, protracted periods of neutropenia, and prolonged use of antibiotics and steroids. Oropharyngeal candidosis is very frequent. This can be prevented or controlled by the application of topical antifungals such as nystatin. The systemic application of antifungals is an alternative for patients who do not respond. Both oral ketoconazole and intravenous amphotericin B have been proven effective. Candida oesophagitis is also an important problem. Oral nystatin suspension can be helpful in mild cases. In others oral ketoconazole and intravenous amphotericin B have to be used. A whole range of measures has to be taken to prevent spread of the disease, i.e. H2-antagonists should be used only if definitely needed. Specific antifungal prophylaxis has also been discussed. Oral amphotericin B seems to be helpful. The azole itraconazole might be especially promising.

The Defeat of Popular Representation, December 1904: Prince Mirskii, Witte, and the Imperial Family

Although Prince Peter Sviatopolk-Mirskii served as minister of the interior of Russia for only five months beginning on 25 August 1904, he nearly managed a volte-face in the government's relationship to society. The dimensions of his plans for reform during this crucial period have not been thoroughly explored. While his conciliatory attitude toward the zemstva is well known, less familiar is his intention to broaden civil liberties and anchor them firmly in the law, an intention expressed in a memorandum he submitted to Nicholas II on 23 November 1904. In that memorandum Mirskii recommended a whole range of measures designed to restore harmony between government and society— from the extension of basic civil liberties and the broadening of local zemstvo and municipal council authority to the curbing of the Okhrana regime and the restoration of proper legislative and administrative procedures within the government.

The humanitarian Action of Leopold II in Congo Free State. The Antislavery-Conference of Brussels (1889-1890)

Already from the time he was a crown prince Leopold II dreamt of acquiring a colony. He firmly believed in the economic importance for the motherland of overseas territories. However, when he appeared on the African scene he presented himself as a champion of the struggle against slave trade. This disinterested humanitarian image was meant as a means of bypassing Belgian indifference towards colonization and also the foreign rivalry. But in Africa he was forced into an opportunist policy. A total lack of means left him no other choice but resorting to political and economic collaboration with the Arabs, who played a major role in the slave trade. It was at the moment when the European colonization met the Arabic resistance in East-Africa that Cardinal Lavigerie's campaign called for renewed public interest in the struggle against the Arabic slave trade. Great Britain asked Belgium to summon a diplomatic conference on the subject. In 1889 seventeen nations gathered to discuss a whole range of measures to limit slave trade on land and sea, arms trade and liquor traffic. The hottest issue on the agenda was the imposition of import duties in the Congo bassin. The main obstacle to the introduction of these taxes was the Dutch opposition against the changing of the terms of the Berlin Act (1885). The General Brussels Act did not include import tax regulations. These were the subject of a separate declaration, which Leopold however managed to connect to the General Act in such a way that neither could be ratified singly. Hence, the customs committee, convened after the Brussels negotiations to define more clearly the import duties, was an essential factor in the Antislavery Conference. It was not until 1892 that all obstacles were overcome and the final discussions rounded off.The Brussels Antislavery Conference did not induce Leopold to come to grips with slave trade and did not alter his Arabic policy. For the sovereign the conference was primarily a matter of economy and taxes. He wanted his colony to have more promising financial prospects. His attitude was conditioned by the precarious budget of the Congo Free State. The conference fitted in his new economic policy which consisted in carrying out his domanial projects. KEYWORDS: colonial history, colonization and humanitarianism, Leopold II, Antislavery Conference of Brussels (1889- 90), economic policy

Het Humanitaire Optreden van Leopold II in Kongo-Vrijstaat. De Anti-Slavernijconferentie van Brussel (1889-1890)

The Humanitarian Action of Leopold II in Congo Free State. The Antislavery-Conference of Brussels (1889-1890). Already from the time he was a crown prince Leopold II dreamt of acquiring a colony. He firmly believed in the economic importance for the motherland of overseas territories. However, when he appeared on the African scene he presented himself as a champion of the struggle against slave trade. This disinterested humanitarian image was meant as a means of bypassing Belgian indifference towards colonization and also the foreign rivalry. But in Africa he was forced into an opportunist policy. A total lack of means left him no other choice but resorting to political and economic collaboration with the Arabs, who played a major role in the slave trade. It was at the moment when the European colonization met the Arabic resistance in East-Africa that Cardinal Lavigerie’s campaign called for renewed public interest in the struggle against the Arabic slave trade. Great Britain asked Belgium to summon a diplomatic conference on the subject, In 1889 seventeen nations gathered to discuss a whole range of measures to limit slave trade on land and sea, arms trade and liquor traffic. The hottest issue on the agenda was the imposition of import duties in the Congo bassin. The main obstacle to the introduction of these taxes was the Dutch opposition against the changing of the terms of the Berlin Act (1885). The General Brussels Act did not include import tax regulations. These were the subject of a separate declaration, which Leopold however managed to connect to the General Act in such a way that neither could be ratified singly. Hence, the customs committee, convened after the Brussels negotiations to define more clearly the import duties, was an essential factor in the Antislavery Conference. It was not until 1892 that all obstacles were overcome and the final discussions rounded off. The Brussels Antislavery Conference did not induce Leopold to come to grips with slave trade and did not alter his Arabic policy. For the sovereign the conference was primarily a matter of economy and taxes. He wanted his colony to have more promising financial prospects. His attitude was conditioned by the precarious budget of the Congo Free State. The conference fitted in his new economic policy which consisted in carrying out his domanial projects.

AN IMPROVED PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING WATER RETENTION CURVES AT LOW SUCTION BY THE HANGING-WATER-COLUMN METHOD

An improved procedure for measuring water retention curves at low suction (0–300 mbar) by the hanging-water-column method is described. The proposed method produces curves obtained on the same sample over the whole range of measurements. Good agreement was found between data measured by the proposed technique and those obtained by a conventional pressure plate technique.

Thermal bleaching of V- and F-centres in X-irradiated potassium chloride crystals

The kinetics of thermal bleaching at 25 deg C of V- and F-centers were studied in four different single potassium chloride crystals, of varying divalent cation impurity content, that were colored by x irradiation. The V-band comprises both V/sub 2/-centers, which undergo bleaching and V/sub 3-/ centers that are stable at 25 deg C. The maximum number of V/sub 2/ centers is rapidly attained under irradiation and is dependent on the cationfc impurity content; Va- centers are created at a slower rate, and the number formed is related to the dislocation density of the crystal. The bleaching of V/sub 2/-centers results from the thermal excitation of F-centers and the capture of F-electrons by the V/ sub 2/-center, the kinetics being accurately represented over the whole range of measurements by a bimolecular process. There remains, however, apparently a residual concentration of V/sub 2/-centers after the virtual completion of the bleaching process; some possible explanations of this anomaly are suggested. (auth)