Whole-cell Hydrolysates Research Articles

Amycolatopsis silviterrae sp. nov., isolated from forest soil.

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated C12CA1T, was isolated from forest soil in the conservation area of Chulabhorn dam, Thailand, and its taxonomic position was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Strain C12CA1T contained meso-2,6 diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and arabinose and galactose as diagnostic sugars of the whole-cell hydrolysate. On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain C12CA1T was classified in the genus Amycolatopsis. It contained MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and several phospholipids consisting of diphosphotidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and an unidentified glucosamine-containing phospholipid. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analyses, strain C12CA1T was closely related to Amycolatopsis vancoresmycina DSM 44592T (98.96 %) and Amycolatopsis pretoriensis JCM 12673T (98.82 %). The strain exhibited low DNA-DNA relatedness values with A. vancoresmycina DSM 44592T (6.9±0.2-11.6±1.9 %) and A. pretoriensis JCM 12673T (8.8±0.3-9.2±1.8 %). The DNA G+C content of strain C12CA1T was 69.8 mol%. Based on the results of polyphasic characterization, strain C12CA1T represents a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis, for which the name Amycolatopsis silviterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C12CA1T (=TBRC 1456T=NBRC 111116T).

Amycolatopsis oliviviridis sp. nov., a novel polylactic acid-bioplastic-degrading actinomycete isolated from paddy soil.

A novel bioplastic-degrading actinomycete, strain SCM_MK2-4T, was isolated from paddy soil in Thailand. The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain SCM_MK2-4T belonged to the genus Amycolatopsis, with the highest sequence similarity to Amycolatopsisazurea JCM 3275T (99.4 %), and was phylogenetically clustered with this strain along with Amycolatopsislurida JCM 3141T (99.3 %), A. japonica DSM 44213T (99.2 %), A. decaplanina DSM 44594T (99.0 %), A. roodepoortensis M29T (98.9 %), A. keratiniphilasubsp. nogabecina DSM 44586T (98.8 %), A. keratiniphilasubsp. keratiniphila DSM 44409T (98.5 %), A. orientalis DSM 40040T (98.4 %) and A. regifaucium GY080T (98.3 %). A combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results ranging from 42.8±3.2 to 66.2±1.4 % with the type strains of A. azurea and A. lurida and some different phenotypic characteristics indicated that the strain could be distinguished from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. Whole-cell hydrolysates of the strain were shown to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, galactose, glucose, ribose, mannose, rhamnose and xylose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The major cellular fatty acid profile consisted of iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2OH) and C16 : 0. The polar lipid composition of the strain consisted of phosphatidyl-N-methylethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipids, an unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.2 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridization experimentation and the phenotypic characteristics, it was concluded that strain SCM_MK2-4T represents a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis, for which the name Amycolatopsis oliviviridis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SCM_MK2-4T (=TBRC 7186T=JCM 32134T).

Streptosporangium minutum sp. nov., isolated from garden soil exposed to microwave radiation.

The actinobacterium, strain M26T, was isolated from garden soil that was pre-treated with microwave radiation. The soil sample was collected in Roodepoort, Gauteng Province, South Africa as part of an antibiotic-screening programme. The isolate produced branched vegetative mycelium with sporangiophores bearing small sporangia ranging from 3 to 6 μm in diameter. Rapid genus identification revealed that the isolate belongs to the genus Streptosporangium. To confirm this result, the strain was subjected to polyphasic taxonomic characterisation. Chemotaxonomic characteristics were as follows: meso-DAP in the peptidoglycan, the whole-cell hydrolysate yielded madurose, predominant menaquinones were MK9 (21%), MK9(H2) (40%), MK9(H4) (31%) and MK9(H6) (3%); the polar lipid profile included an aminolipid, phosphoglycolipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. In addition, the fatty acid profile showed the presence of C16:0 (12.8%), C17:1ω8c (14.2%), and 10-methyl-C17:0 (15.8%). Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain is closely related to members of the genus Streptosporangium, which supports its classification within the family Streptosporangiaceae. Strain M26T exhibited antibiosis against a range of pathogenic bacteria, including, but not limited to Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606T, Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae ATCC BAA-1143, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299 (vancomycin resistant), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvT, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae ATCC 13314T, and the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 33591 (MRSA). The name Streptosporangium minutum is proposed with the type strain M26T (=LMG 28850T =NRRL B-65295T).

Glycomyces anabasis sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from roots of Anabasis aphylla L.

A novel endophytic actinobacterium, designated strain EGI 6500139T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized roots of Anabasis aphylla L., collected from Xinjiang, northwest PR China, and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic characterization. Strain EGI 6500139T formed sparse aerial mycelium with rod-like spores. Whole-cell hydrolysates of the isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the cell-wall diamino acid, glucose as major sugar, and mannose, galactose, xylose and ribose as minor sugars. The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified polar lipids. The major fatty acids identified were anteiso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The predominant menaquinones detected were MK-11 and MK-11(H2). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EGI 6500139T was 70.4 mol%. Strain EGI 6500139T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Glycomyces lacisalsi XHU 5089T (96.3 %). Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain EGI 6500139T fell within the clade of the genus Glycomyces, and formed a clade with G. lacisalsi XHU 5089T and G. albus CCTCC AA 2013004T. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain EGI 6500139T represents a novel species of the genus Glycomyces, for which the name Glycomyces anabasis sp. nov. (type strain EGI 6500139T=JCM 30088T=KCTC 29495T) is proposed.

Stackebrandtia soli sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a soil sample.

An aerobic actinobacterium, strain AN130378T, was isolated from a soil sample collected in Korea and subjected to taxonomic investigation using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data showed that strain AN130378T is a member of the genus Stackebrandtia, with sequence similarities of 97.3 % to Stackebrandtia albiflava YIM 45751T and 97.1 % to Stackebrandtia endophytica YIM 64602T. The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and galactose, glucose and xylose. The major menaquinones were MK-11(H4), MK-10(H4) and MK-11(H6), while the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, four unidentified glycolipids, three unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 67.7 mol%. All chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicated that the strain belongs to the genus Stackebrandtia. On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic data and phylogenetic analysis, strain AN130378T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Stackebrandtia, for which the name Stackebrandtia soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AN130378T (=DSM 103573T=KCTC 39809T).

Frankia saprophytica sp. nov., an atypical, non-infective (Nod-) and non-nitrogen fixing (Fix-) actinobacterium isolated from Coriaria nepalensis root nodules.

Strain CN3T, a Coriaria nepalensis isolate, appears to form hyphae and sporangia typical of members fo the genus Frankia. However, it failed to form vesicles, to reduce acetylene and to induce nodules on its original host plant. A polyphasic approach was used here to determine the taxonomic status of strain CN3T. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CN3T showed the highest sequence identity with Frankia asymbiotica type strain M16386T (99.4 %). Digital DNA-DNA hybridization between strains CN3T and M16386T was 25.7 %, which is clearly below the accepted cut-off point of 70 %. The G+C content of DNA was 71.8 mol%. Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain CN3T were rich in meso-diaminopimelic acid. Cell-wall sugars were composed of galactose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose and traces of ribose. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipids, phospholipid, six uncharacterized glycolipids and two uncharacterized lipids. The predominant menaquinone (>25 %) was MK-9(H6). Major fatty acids (>15 %) of strain CN3T consisted of iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and C15 : 0. Based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, genome sequence analysis and phenotypic results, strain CN3T (=DSM 105290T=CECT 9314T) is proposed to represent the type strain of a novel species, Frankia saprophytica sp. nov.

Halomonas malpeensis sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere sand of a coastal sand dune plant.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-endospore-forming organism, isolated from the rhizosphere sand of a coastal sand dune plant was studied for its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain YU-PRIM-29T was grouped within the genus Halomonas and was most closely related to Halomonas johnsoniae (97.5 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other Halomonas species was <97.5 %. Strain YU-PRIM-29T grew optimally at 28 °C (growth range, 10-36 °C), at a pH of 7-9 (growth range, pH 5.5-12.0) and in the presence of 0.5 to 5 % (w/v) NaCl (growth up to 20 % NaCl). The fatty acid profile from whole-cell hydrolysates supported the allocation of the strain to the genus Halomonas. The fatty acids C18 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0 were found as major compounds, followed by the hydroxylated fatty acid C12 : 0 3-OH. The quinone system consisted predominantly of ubiquinone Q-9. The polar lipid profile was composed of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. In the polyamine pattern, spermidine was the predominant compound. The DNA G+C content was 64.8 mol%. In addition, the results of physiological and biochemical tests also allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain YU-PRIM-29T from its closest-related species. Hence, YU-PRIM-29T represents a new species of the genus Halomonas, for which we propose the name Halomonas malpeensis sp. nov., with YU-PRIM-29T (=LMG 28855T=CCM 8737T) as the type strain.

Micromonospora globbae sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from roots of Globba winitii C. H. Wright.

A novel endophytic actinomycete, strain WPS1-2T, isolated from a root of Globba winitii C. H. Wright, was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. Strain WPS1-2T exhibited identical characteristics to the members of the genus Micromonospora. Single spores were observed directly on substrate mycelia. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and 3-OH-meso-diaminopimelic acid. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose, arabinose and xylose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H8) and MK-10(H10). The major cellular fatty acids consisted of iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain, WPS1-2T showed highest similarity to Micromonospora costi CS1-12T (99.02 %). Phylogenetic analysis of the gyrase subunit B (gyrB) gene indicated that the strain was related to M. costi CS1-12T. The DNA G+C content was 73.7 mol%. The strain could be distinguished from closely related type strains by using a combination of morphological, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical data together with DNA-DNA relatedness values. Based on these observations, strain WPS1-2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora globbae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WPS1-2T (=KCTC 39787T=NBRC 112325T=TISTR 2405T).

Tessaracoccus terricola sp. nov., isolated from oil-contaminated soil.

A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, yellow and rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain Brt-AT, isolated from oil-contaminated soil, grew at 15-40 °C, at pH 5.5-10.0 and at 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. This strain was characterized by a polyphasic approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Brt-AT belonged to the genus Tessaracoccus and is closely related to Tessaracoccus rhinocerotis YIM 101269T, Tessaracoccus flavescens SST-39T, Tessaracoccus defluvii LNB-140T and Tessaracoccus flavus RP1T (99.03, 97.00, 96.88, and 96.46 % gene sequence similarity, respectively). The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4); the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol; the predominant polyamines were spermine and spermidine; and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid; and glucose and ribose were detected as diagnostic sugars from whole-cell hydrolysates. The DNA G+C content was 68.1 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain Brt-AT and its closely related species of the genus Tessaracoccus were between 55.0-44.0 %, which fall below the threshold value of 70 % for the strain to be considered as novel. The morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguished this strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. Thus, strain Brt-AT represents a novel species of the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus terricola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Brt-AT (=KEMB 9005-690T=KACC 19391T=JCM 32157T).

Gordonia phthalatica sp. nov., a di-n-butyl phthalate-degrading bacterium isolated from activated sludge.

A phthalate esters-degrading bacterial strain, designated QH-11T, was isolated from an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, PR China. The cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, short rods and formed white colonies on trypticase soy agar. This isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose and ribose. Diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the predominant polar lipids. According to the results of full-length of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, QH-11T represented a member of the genus Gordonia and showed the highest sequence similarity to Gordonia hydrophobica DSM 44015T (99.2 %), but was distinguishable by a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (37.8 %). Genome-based comparisons indicated a clear distinction from the top ten most similar type strains (16S rRNA gene sequence) with pairwise average nucleotide identities (ANI) between 74.6 and 83.4 %. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2), the mycolic acids present had 56 to 62 carbon atoms, and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (33.3 %), C17 : 1ω8c (23.4 %) and C18 : 1ω9c (17.9 %). The DNA G+C content was 68.0 mol%. On the basis of the results of DNA-DNA hybridization, ANI and physiological and biochemical tests, it is proposed that QH-11T represents a novel species of the genus Gordonia, for which the name Gordonia phthalatica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is QH-11T (CICC 24107T =KCTC 39933T).

Lechevalieria rhizosphaerae sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from rhizosphere soil of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and emended description of the genus Lechevalieria.

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-A2T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NEAU-A2T should be assigned to the genus Lechevalieria and forms a distinct branch with its closest neighbour Lechevalieria aerocolonigenes DSM 40034T (99.0 %). Moreover, key morphological and chemotaxonomic properties also confirmed the affiliation of strain NEAU-A2T to the genus Lechevalieria. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell hydrolysates were galactose, mannose, rhamnose, glucose and ribose. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositolmannoside and two glycolipids. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H6). The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c and anteiso-C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 68.2 mol%. The combination of the DNA-DNA hybridization result and some phenotypic characteristics demonstrated that strain NEAU-A2T could be distinguished from its closest relative. Therefore, it is proposed that strain NEAU-A2T represents a novel species of the genus Lechevalieria, for which the name Lechevalieriarhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-A2T (=CGMCC 4.7405T=DSM 104541T).

Corynebacterium gottingense sp. nov., isolated from a clinical patient.

A Gram-positive bacterial strain, 99221/2016T, was isolated from blood of a patient with bacteraemia at the Institute of Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany. The strain was rod-shaped with a palisade arrangement of cells, non-spore-forming, non-lipophilic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. It grew well at 37 °C on Columbia blood agar and showed good growth under aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions. The colonies were white-cream, circular and convex with a shiny, smooth surface. The predominant respiratory quinones were MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2). The polar lipids profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. Two unidentified phospholipids and several unidentified lipids were also detected. The prevalent cellular fatty acids comprised cis-9-octadecenoic acid (C18 : 1 ω9c), hexadecanoic acid (C16 : 0) and pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0). Corynemycolates with 28-36 carbons in length were present. The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, glucose, galactose and ribose as major sugars. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identities revealed that the strain is most closely related to Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T (98.0 %), Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (96.9 %), Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. afermentans DSM 44280T (96.9 %) and Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. lipophilum DSM 44282T (96.8 %). The identity with Corynebacterium diphtheriae DSM 44123T, the type species of the genus, was 94 %. The DNA G+C content was 69.2 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization with Corynebacterium imitans DSM 44264T revealed a value of 34 %, confirming that the strain represents a novel species. The type strain 99221/2016T (DSM 103494T=JCM 31931T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Corynebacterium with the name Corynebacterium gottingense.

Allobranchiibius huperziae gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of Dermacoccaceae isolated from the root of a medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.).

A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterial strain, designated CPCC 204077T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a medicinal plant Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) collected from Sichuan Province, south-west China. The peptidoglycan type of strain CPCC 204077T was detected as A4α with an l-Lys-l-Ser-d-Asp interpeptide bridge. Galactose, glucose, rhamnose and ribose were the sugar compositions in the whole-cell hydrolysates. MK-8(H4) was the only menaquinone. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified phospholipid and one unidentified glycolipid. The major fatty acid was iso-C16 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 71.0 mol%. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CPCC 204077T stood for a distinct lineage within the family Dermacoccaceaealongside the genera Branchiibius, Demetria and Barrientosiimonas, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Branchiibius hedensis Mer 29717T (95.0 %), Calidifontibacter indicus PC IW02T (95.0 %), Barrientosiimonas humi 39T (94.9 %) and Demetria terragena HKI 0089T (94.7 %), and less than 94.7 % sequence similarities to all other species. Signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA sequence showed that the strain contained the Dermacoccaceaefamily-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides and a genus-specific diagnostic nucleotide signature pattern. Combining the genotypic and phenotypic analyses, we propose that strain CPCC 204077T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Dermacoccaceae with the name Allobranchiibius huperziae gen. nov., sp. nov. Strain CPCC 204077T (=NBRC 110719T=DSM 29531T) is the type strain of the type species.

Longispora urticae sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L., and emended descriptions of the species Longisporaalbida and Longisporafulva.

Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4, were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Urtica urens L. collected from Anshan, Liaoning Province, northeast PR China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and that they were most closely to Longispora fulva DSM 45356T (98.7, 98.9 %) and Longispora albida JCM 11711T (97.1, 97.2 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains were located in the same lineage and formed a cluster with the genus Longispora. Both strains were observed to contain MK-10(H4) and MK-10(H6) as the predominant menaquinones. The cell wall peptidoglycan was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, d-glutamic acid, glycine and l-alanine. Whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained galactose, ribose and xylose. The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, several glycolipids and several unknown lipids. The major cellular fatty acids for strain NEAU-PCY-3T were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω5c. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 was 83.6±0.4 %, and the values between the two strains and their closest phylogenetic relatives, belonging to the genus Longispora, were well below 70 %, supporting that they represented a distinct genomic species. An array of phenotypic characteristics also differentiated the strains from their closely related species, the only two validly published Longispora species. On the basis of the genetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-PCY-3T and NEAU-PCY-4 were classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Longispora, for which the name Longispora urticae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-PCY-3T (=DSM 105119T=CCTCC AA 2017017T).

Streptomyces xylanilyticus sp. nov., isolated from soil.

A novel actinomycete, strain SR2-123T, belonging to the genus Streptomyces, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The taxonomic position of the strain was characterized using a polyphasic study. Strain SR2-123T contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose and ribose in whole-cell hydrolysates. The N-acyl type of muramic acid was acetyl. Menaquinones were MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown phospholipid, unknown glycolipids, an unknown aminophospholipid, unknown lipids and an unknown aminolipid. The DNA G+C content was 74.8 mol%. The strain was closely related to Streptomyces coeruleorubidus JCM 4359T (98.5 %), Streptomyces flavofungini JCM 4753T (98.5 %), Streptomyces coerulescens NBRC 12758T (98. 5 %) and Streptomyces alboflavus JCM 4615T (98.4 %), based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. The novel strain exhibited low DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains (11.4-25.0 %) of closely related species. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain SR2-123T could be distinguished from closely related species of the genus Streptomyces and represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces xylanilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SR2-123T (=TISTR 2493T=KCTC 39909T).

Streptomyces cerasinus sp. nov., isolated from soil in Thailand

A novel actinomycete, strain SR3-134T, belonging to the genus Streptomyces, was isolated from soil collected from the Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The taxonomic position of the strain was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. ll-Diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose and ribose were detected in its whole-cell hydrolysates. The N-acyl type of muramic acid was acetyl. The menaquinones were MK-9(H8), MK-9(H6), MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H2). The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. blast analysis of the almost-complete 16S rRNA gene showed 98.7 % sequence similarities to Streptomyces lanatus JCM 4588T and Streptomyces psammoticus JCM 4434T. The DNA G+C content was 71.4 mol%. Strain SR3-134T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness (12.9±4.0-44.1±1.0 %) to S. lanatus JCM 4588T and S. psammoticus JCM 4434T. The new strain could also be distinguished from its closely related strains by differences in their phenotypic characteristics. The results of taxonomic analysis suggested that strain SR3-134T represented a novel species of the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces cerasinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SR3-134T (=TISTR 2494T=KCTC 39910T).

Nocardia heshunensis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil

A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile and acid-fast actinomycete strain, designated CFH S0067T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Heshun old town in Tengchong, Yunnan province, in south-west PR China. The taxonomic position of strain CFH S0067T was studied in detail using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain CFH S0067T belongs to the genus Nocardia and is closely related to Nocardia concava JCM 12351T (99.3 % similarity), forming a separated branch with this type strain. However, the strain shared 96.0 % gyrB gene sequence similarity with N. concava JCM 12351T. Furthermore, DNA-DNA hybridization showed 56.5±0.6 % DNA relatedness between the novel strain and N. concava JCM 12351T. The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (type IV) and arabinose, galactose, fructose and mannose. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and one unidentified lipid. Strain CFH S0067T contained MK-8 (H4ω-cycl) as the predominant menaquinone. C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA) were the major cellular fatty acids. Mycolic acids were also detected. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 66.9 mol%. A combination of the low DNA-DNA hybridization values and phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain CFH S0067Tis clearly distinguishable from its most closely related strain, N. concava JCM 12351T. On the basis of this polyphasic study, it is concluded that strain CFH S0067T should be considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia heshunensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CFH S0067T (=DSM 46764T=JCM 30085T).

Saccharopolyspora hattusasensis sp. nov., isolated from soil.

A Saccharopolyspora strain, designated CR3506T, isolated from a soil sample collected from Sungurlu, Corum, Turkey, was examinated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on an almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is closely related to the type strains of Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18395T (99.1%), Saccharopolyspora phatthalungensis NRRL B-24798T (98.4%) and Saccharopolyspora shandongensis 88T (98.1%); low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness were found between the isolate and S. spinosa and S. phatthalungensis (<50%). Strain CR3506T was found to have chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties consistent with its classification in the genus Saccharopolyspora. The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose and galactose. The polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. The predominant menaquinones (>10%) were MK-9(H4) and MK-8(H4). Major fatty acids were (>10%) iso-C16:0, C15:03OH, C18:0 and iso-C15:0. Further, the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain CR3506T are distinct from S. spinosa and other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora with which this strain has high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.0-98.5%). Strain CR3506T has antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis NRRL B-209, Citrobacter freundi NRRL B-2643 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. Consequently, it is proposed that strain CR3506T represents a novel Saccharopolyspora species for which the name Saccharopolyspora hattusasensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CR3506T (=KCTC 29104T=DSM 45715T).

Alkaliphilic Actinomycetes I.Isolation, Identification and Some Characterization

Five strains of alkaliphilic actinomycetes were isolated from Al-Fayoum region soil, Egypt. Four strains A3, A6, A8, and A10 were classified as genus Kitasatospora on the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics. These strains produced aerial mycelium consisting of chains of 20 or more smooth-surface spores. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained both LL- and meso-DAP (diaminopimilic) acid and galactose. Alkaline media were favored for growth, production of aerial mycelium and soluble yellow-brownish pigments. All these strains may be considered as new species for the genus Kitasatospora. The fifth strains contained neither meso-nor-LL-DAP (diaminopimilic acid) also it didn’t contain any diagnostic sugar in the whole-cell hydrolysate. The colonial growth of strain A11 was beige beaver yellow-brownish. It may be considered as a new genus. All isolated strains had a temperature range of 25-40°C and pH range (7-12). Lecithinase; protease and lipase enzymes were secreted by all strains on neutral and alkaline egg emulsion agar medium. All strains reduced nitrate degraded gelatin, casein, skimmed milk, starch, tween 60, DNA, Urea, L-tyrosine and hypoxanthine.

Cryptosporangium eucalypti sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from Eucalyptus camaldulensis roots.

A novel actinomycete, designated strain EURKPP3H10T, was isolated from surface-sterilized roots of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., collected from Kamphaengphet Silvicultural Research Station, Kamphaengphet province, Thailand. The taxonomic position of strain EURKPP3H10T was studied using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic evaluation based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain EURKPP3H10T belongs to the genus Cryptosporangium, with the highest sequence similarity to Cryptosporangium cibodasense LIPI11-2-Ac046T (99.2 %). Colonies of strain EURKPP3H10T were orange yellow. Spherical sporangia with motile spores were observed. The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and acofriose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose and ribose in whole-cell hydrolysates. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H6). The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 0. The polar lipids of the strain were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.5 mol%. Based on comparative analysis of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, including DNA-DNA hybridization, strain EURKPP3H10T represents a novel species of the genus Cryptosporangium, for which the name Cryptosporangium eucalypti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EURKPP3H10T (=BCC 77605T=NBRC 111482T).